od(1) User Commands od(1)NAMEod - octal dump
SYNOPSIS
/usr/bin/od [-bcCDdFfOoSsvXx] [file] [offset_string]
/usr/bin/od [-bcCDdFfOoSsvXx] [-A address_base] [-j skip] [-N count]
[-t type_string...] [file...]
/usr/xpg4/bin/od [-bcCDdFfOoSsvXx] [file] [offset_string]
/usr/xpg4/bin/od [-bcCDdFfOoSsvXx] [-A address_base] [-j skip]
[-N count] [-t type_string...] [-] [file...]
DESCRIPTION
The od command copies sequentially each input file to standard output
and transforms the input data according to the output types specified
by the -t or -bcCDdFfOoSsvXx options. If no output type is specified,
the default output is as if -t o2 had been specified. Multiple types
can be specified by using multiple -bcCDdFfOoSstvXx options. Output
lines are written for each type specified in the order in which the
types are specified. If no file is specified, the standard input is
used.
The [offset_string] operand is mutually exclusive from the -A, -j, -N,
and -t options. For the purposes of this description, the following
terms are used:
word Refers to a 16-bit unit, independent of the
word size of the machine.
long word Refers to a 32-bit unit.
double long word Refers to a 64-bit unit.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-A address_base Specifies the input offset base. The address_base
option-argument must be a character. The characters d,
o and x specify that the offset base will be written in
decimal, octal or hexadecimal, respectively. The char‐
acter n specifies that the offset will not be written.
Unless -A n is specified, the output line will be pre‐
ceded by the input offset, cumulative across input
files, of the next byte to be written. In addition, the
offset of the byte following the last byte written will
be displayed after all the input data has been pro‐
cessed. Without the -A address_base option and the
[offset_string] operand, the input offset base is dis‐
played in octal.
-b Interprets bytes in octal. This is equivalent to -t
o1.
/usr/bin/od
-c Displays single-byte characters. Certain non-graphic
characters appear as C-language escapes:
null \0
backspace \b
form-feed \f
new-line \n
return \r
tab \t
Others appear as 3-digit octal numbers. For example:
echo "hello world" | od −c
0000000 h e l l o w o r l d \n
0000014
/usr/xpg4/bin/od
-c Interprets bytes as single-byte or multibyte characters
according to the current setting of the LC_CTYPE locale
category. Printable multibyte characters are written in
the area corresponding to the first byte of the charac‐
ter. The two-character sequence ** is written in the
area corresponding to each remaining byte in the char‐
acter, as an indication that the character is contin‐
ued. Non-graphic characters appear the same as they
would using the -C option.
-C Interprets bytes as single-byte or multibyte characters
according to the current setting of the LC_CTYPE locale
category. Printable multibyte characters are written in
the area corresponding to the first byte of the charac‐
ter. The two-character sequence ** is written in the
area corresponding to each remaining byte in the char‐
acter, as an indication that the character is contin‐
ued. Certain non-graphic characters appear as C
escapes:
null \0
backspace \b
form-feed \f
new-line \n
return \r
tab \t
Other non-printable characters appear as one three-
digit octal number for each byte in the character.
-d Interprets words in unsigned decimal. This is equiva‐
lent to -t u2.
-D Interprets long words in unsigned decimal. This is
equivalent to -t u4.
-f Interprets long words in floating point. This is
equivalent to -t f4.
-F Interprets double long words in extended precision.
This is equivalent to -t f8.
-j skip Jumps over skip bytes from the beginning of the input.
The od command will read or seek past the first skip
bytes in the concatenated input files. If the combined
input is not at least skip bytes long, the od command
will write a diagnostic message to standard error and
exit with a non-zero exit status.
By default, the skip option-argument is interpreted as
a decimal number. With a leading 0x or 0X, the offset
is interpreted as a hexadecimal number; otherwise, with
a leading 0, the offset will be interpreted as an octal
number. Appending the character b, k, or m to offset
will cause it to be interpreted as a multiple of 512,
1024 or 1048576 bytes, respectively. If the skip number
is hexadecimal, any appended b is considered to be the
final hexadecimal digit. The address is displayed
starting at 0000000, and its base is not implied by the
base of the skip option-argument.
-N count Formats no more than count bytes of input. By default,
count is interpreted as a decimal number. With a lead‐
ing 0x or 0X, count is interpreted as a hexadecimal
number; otherwise, with a leading 0, it is interpreted
as an octal number. If count bytes of input (after suc‐
cessfully skipping, if -jskip is specified) are not
available, it will not be considered an error. The od
command will format the input that is available. The
base of the address displayed is not implied by the
base of the count option-argument.
-o Interprets words in octal. This is equivalent to -t o2.
-O Interprets long words in unsigned octal. This is
equivalent to -t o4.
-s Interprets words in signed decimal. This is equivalent
to -t d2.
-S Interprets long words in signed decimal. This is equiv‐
alent to -t d4.
-t type_string Specifies one or more output types. The type_string
option-argument must be a string specifying the types
to be used when writing the input data. The string must
consist of the type specification characters:
a Named character. Interprets bytes as
named characters. Only the least sig‐
nificant seven bits of each byte will
be used for this type specification.
Bytes with the values listed in the
following table will be written using
the corresponding names for those char‐
acters.
The following are named characters in
od:
Value Name
00 nul
01 soh
02 stx
03 etx
04 eot
05 enq
06 ack
07 bel
10 bs
11 ht
12 lf
13 vt
14 ff
15 cr
16 so
17 si
20 dle
21 dc1
22 dc2
23 dc3
24 dc4
25 nak
26 syn
27 etb
30 can
31 em
32 sub
33 esc
34 fs
35 gs
36 rs
37 us
40 sp
177 del
c Character. Interprets bytes as single-
byte or multibyte characters specified
by the current setting of the LC_CTYPE
locale category. Printable multibyte
characters are written in the area cor‐
responding to the first byte of the
character. The two-character sequence
** is written in the area corresponding
to each remaining byte in the charac‐
ter, as an indication that the charac‐
ter is continued. Certain non-graphic
characters appear as C escapes: \0, \a,
\b, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v. Other non-
printable characters appear as one
three-digit octal number for each byte
in the character.
The type specification characters d, f, o, u, and x can
be followed by an optional unsigned decimal integer
that specifies the number of bytes to be transformed by
each instance of the output type.
f Floating point. Can be followed by an
optional F, D, or L indicating that the
conversion should be applied to an item
of type float, double, or long double,
respectively.
d, o, u, and x Signed decimal, octal, unsigned deci‐
mal, and hexadecimal, respectively.
Can be followed by an optional C, S,
I, or L indicating that the conversion
should be applied to an item of type
char, short, int, or long, respec‐
tively.
Multiple types can be concatenated within the same
type_string and multiple -t options can be specified.
Output lines are written for each type specified in the
order in which the type specification characters are
specified.
-v Shows all input data (verbose). Without the -v option,
all groups of output lines that would be identical to
the immediately preceding output line (except for byte
offsets), will be replaced with a line containing only
an asterisk (*).
-x Interprets words in hex. This is equivalent to -t x2.
-X Interprets long words in hex. This is equivalent to -t
x4.
OPERANDS
The following operands are supported for both /usr/bin/od and
/usr/xpg4/bin/od:
− Uses the standard input in addition to any files speci‐
fied. When this operand is not given, the standard
input is used only if no file operands are specified.
/usr/bin/od
The following operands are supported for /usr/bin/od only:
file A path name of a file to be read. If no file
operands are specified, the standard input will
be used. If there are no more than two oper‐
ands, none of the -A, -j, -N, or -t options is
specified, and any of the following are true:
1. the first character of the last operand
is a plus sign (+)
2. the first character of the second oper‐
and is numeric
3. the first character of the second oper‐
and is x and the second character of
the second operand is a lower-case
hexadecimal character or digit
4. the second operand is named "x"
5. the second operand is named "."
then the corresponding operand is assumed to be
an offset operand rather than a file operand.
Without the -N count option, the display con‐
tinues until an end-of-file is reached.
[+][0] offset [.][b|B] The offset_string operand specifies the byte
[+][0][offset] [.] offset in the file where dumping is to com‐
[+][0x|x][offset] mence. The offset is interpreted in octal
[+][0x|x] offset[B] bytes by default. If offset begins with "0", it
is interpreted in octal. If offset begins with
"x" or "0x", it is interpreted in hexadecimal
and any appended "b" is considered to be the
final hexadecimal digit. If "." is appended,
the offset is interpreted in decimal. If "b" or
"B" is appended, the offset is interpreted in
units of 512 bytes. If the file argument is
omitted, the offset argument must be preceded
by a plus sign (+). The address is displayed
starting at the given offset. The radix of the
address will be the same as the radix of the
offset, if specified, otherwise it will be
octal. Decimal overrides octal, and it is an
error to specify both hexadecimal and decimal
conversions in the same offset operand.
/usr/xpg4/bin/od
The following operands are supported for /usr/xpg4/bin/od only:
file Same as /usr/bin/od, except only one of the
first two conditions must be true.
[+] [0] offset [.][b|B]
+ [offset] [.]
[+][0x][offset]
[+][0x] offset[B]
+x [offset]
+xoffset [B]
Description of offset_string is the same as for
/usr/bin/od.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables
that affect the execution of od: LANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES,
LC_NUMERIC, and NLSPATH.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
/usr/bin/od
┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
│ ATTRIBUTE TYPE │ ATTRIBUTE VALUE │
├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
│Availability │SUNWtoo │
├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
│CSI │enabled │
└─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
/usr/xpg4/bin/od
┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
│ ATTRIBUTE TYPE │ ATTRIBUTE VALUE │
├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
│Availability │SUNWxcu4 │
├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
│CSI │enabled │
├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
│Interface Stability │Standard │
└─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
SEE ALSOsed(1), attributes(5), environ(5), standards(5)SunOS 5.10 18 Mar 1997 od(1)
