POSIX(3) Perl Programmers Reference Guide POSIX(3)NAMEPOSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
SYNOPSIS
use POSIX;
use POSIXqw(setsid);
use POSIX qw(:errno_h :fcntl_h);
printf "EINTR is %d\n", EINTR;
$sess_id = POSIX::setsid();
$fd = POSIX::open($path, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, 0644);
# note: that's a filedescriptor, *NOT* a filehandle
DESCRIPTION
The POSIX module permits you to access all (or nearly all)
the standard POSIX 1003.1 identifiers. Many of these
identifiers have been given Perl-ish interfaces. Things
which are "#defines" in C, like EINTR or O_NDELAY, are
automatically exported into your namespace. All functions
are only exported if you ask for them explicitly. Most
likely people will prefer to use the fully-qualified func
tion names.
This document gives a condensed list of the features
available in the POSIX module. Consult your operating
system's manpages for general information on most fea
tures. Consult the perlfunc manpage for functions which
are noted as being identical to Perl's builtin functions.
The first section describes POSIX functions from the
1003.1 specification. The second section describes some
classes for signal objects, TTY objects, and other miscel
laneous objects. The remaining sections list various con
stants and macros in an organization which roughly follows
IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993.
NOTE
The POSIX module is probably the most complex Perl module
supplied with the standard distribution. It incorporates
autoloading, namespace games, and dynamic loading of code
that's in Perl, C, or both. It's a great source of wis
dom.
CAVEATS
A few functions are not implemented because they are C
specific. If you attempt to call these, they will print a
message telling you that they aren't implemented, and sug
gest using the Perl equivalent should one exist. For
example, trying to access the setjmp() call will elicit
the message "setjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead".
Furthermore, some evil vendors will claim 1003.1 compli
ance, but in fact are not so: they will not pass the PCTS
(POSIX Compliance Test Suites). For example, one vendor
may not define EDEADLK, or the semantics of the errno val
ues set by open(2) might not be quite right. Perl does
not attempt to verify POSIX compliance. That means you
can currently successfully say "use POSIX", and then
later in your program you find that your vendor has been
lax and there's no usable ICANON macro after all. This
could be construed to be a bug.
FUNCTIONS
_exit This is identical to the C function "_exit()". It
exits the program immediately which means among
other things buffered I/O is not flushed.
abort This is identical to the C function "abort()". It
terminates the process with a "SIGABRT" signal
unless caught by a signal handler or if the han
dler does not return normally (it e.g. does a
"longjmp").
abs This is identical to Perl's builtin "abs()" func
tion, returning the absolute value of its numeri
cal argument.
access Determines the accessibility of a file.
if( POSIX::access( "/", &POSIX::R_OK ) ){
print "have read permission\n";
}
Returns "undef" on failure. Note: do not use
"access()" for security purposes. Between the
"access()" call and the operation you are prepar
ing for the permissions might change: a classic
race condition.
acos This is identical to the C function "acos()",
returning the arcus cosine of its numerical argu
ment. See also the Math::Trig manpage.
alarm This is identical to Perl's builtin "alarm()"
function, either for arming or disarming the
"SIGARLM" timer.
asctime This is identical to the C function "asctime()".
It returns a string of the form
"Fri Jun 2 18:22:13 2000\n\0"
and it is called thusly
$asctime = asctime($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year,
$wday, $yday, $isdst);
The "$mon" is zero-based: January equals "0". The
"$year" is 1900-based: 2001 equals "101". The
"$wday", "$yday", and "$isdst" default to zero
(and the first two are usually ignored anyway).
asin This is identical to the C function "asin()",
returning the arcus sine of its numerical argu
ment. See also the Math::Trig manpage.
assert Unimplemented, but you can use the die entry in
the perlfunc manpage and the the Carp manpage mod
ule to achieve similar things.
atan This is identical to the C function "atan()",
returning the arcus tangent of its numerical argu
ment. See also the Math::Trig manpage.
atan2 This is identical to Perl's builtin "atan2()"
function, returning the arcus tangent defined by
its two numerical arguments, the y coordinate and
the x coordinate. See also the Math::Trig man
page.
atexit atexit() is C-specific: use "END {}" instead, see
the perlsub manpage.
atof atof() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to
numbers transparently. If you need to force a
scalar to a number, add a zero to it.
atoi atoi() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to
numbers transparently. If you need to force a
scalar to a number, add a zero to it. If you need
to have just the integer part, see the int entry
in the perlfunc manpage.
atol atol() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to
numbers transparently. If you need to force a
scalar to a number, add a zero to it. If you need
to have just the integer part, see the int entry
in the perlfunc manpage.
bsearch bsearch() not supplied. For doing binary search
on wordlists, see the Search::Dict manpage.
calloc calloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory manage
ment transparently.
ceil This is identical to the C function "ceil()",
returning the smallest integer value greater than
or equal to the given numerical argument.
chdir This is identical to Perl's builtin "chdir()"
function, allowing one to change the working
(default) directory, see the chdir entry in the
perlfunc manpage.
chmod This is identical to Perl's builtin "chmod()"
function, allowing one to change file and direc
tory permissions, see the chmod entry in the perl
func manpage.
chown This is identical to Perl's builtin "chown()"
function, allowing one to change file and direc
tory owners and groups, see the chown entry in the
perlfunc manpage.
clearerr
Use the method the IO::Handle::clearerr() entry
elsewhere in this document instead, to reset the
error state (if any) and EOF state (if any) of the
given stream.
clock This is identical to the C function "clock()",
returning the amount of spent processor time in
microseconds.
close Close the file. This uses file descriptors such
as those obtained by calling "POSIX::open".
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
POSIX::close( $fd );
Returns "undef" on failure.
See also the close entry in the perlfunc manpage.
closedir
This is identical to Perl's builtin "closedir()"
function for closing a directory handle, see the
closedir entry in the perlfunc manpage.
cos This is identical to Perl's builtin "cos()" func
tion, for returning the cosine of its numerical
argument, see the cos entry in the perlfunc man
page. See also the Math::Trig manpage.
cosh This is identical to the C function "cosh()", for
returning the hyperbolic cosine of its numeric
argument. See also the Math::Trig manpage.
creat Create a new file. This returns a file descriptor
like the ones returned by "POSIX::open". Use
"POSIX::close" to close the file.
$fd = POSIX::creat( "foo", 0611 );
POSIX::close( $fd );
See also the sysopen entry in the perlfunc manpage
and its "O_CREAT" flag.
ctermid Generates the path name for the controlling termi
nal.
$path = POSIX::ctermid();
ctime This is identical to the C function "ctime()" and
equivalent to "asctime(localtime(...))", see the
asctimeand localtime entries elsewhere in this
document.
cuserid Get the login name of the owner of the current
process.
$name = POSIX::cuserid();
difftime
This is identical to the C function "difftime()",
for returning the time difference (in seconds)
between two times (as returned by "time()"), see
the time entry elsewhere in this document.
div div() is C-specific, use the int entry in the
perlfunc manpage on the usual "/" division and the
modulus "%".
dup This is similar to the C function "dup()", for
duplicating a file descriptor.
This uses file descriptors such as those obtained
by calling "POSIX::open".
Returns "undef" on failure.
dup2 This is similar to the C function "dup2()", for
duplicating a file descriptor to an another known
file descriptor.
This uses file descriptors such as those obtained
by calling "POSIX::open".
Returns "undef" on failure.
errno Returns the value of errno.
$errno = POSIX::errno();
This identical to the numerical values of the
"$!", see the section on "$ERRNO" in the perlvar
manpage.
execl execl() is C-specific, see the exec entry in the
perlfunc manpage.
execle execle() is C-specific, see the exec entry in the
perlfunc manpage.
execlp execlp() is C-specific, see the exec entry in the
perlfunc manpage.
execv execv() is C-specific, see the exec entry in the
perlfunc manpage.
execve execve() is C-specific, see the exec entry in the
perlfunc manpage.
execvp execvp() is C-specific, see the exec entry in the
perlfunc manpage.
exit This is identical to Perl's builtin "exit()" func
tion for exiting the program, see the exit entry
in the perlfunc manpage.
exp This is identical to Perl's builtin "exp()" func
tion for returning the exponent (e-based) of the
numerical argument, see the exp entry in the perl
func manpage.
fabs This is identical to Perl's builtin "abs()" func
tion for returning the absolute value of the
numerical argument, see the abs entry in the perl
func manpage.
fclose Use method "IO::Handle::close()" instead, or see
the close entry in the perlfunc manpage.
fcntl This is identical to Perl's builtin "fcntl()"
function, see the fcntl entry in the perlfunc man
page.
fdopen Use method "IO::Handle::new_from_fd()" instead, or
see the open entry in the perlfunc manpage.
feof Use method "IO::Handle::eof()" instead, or see the
eof entry in the perlfunc manpage.
ferror Use method "IO::Handle::error()" instead.
fflush Use method "IO::Handle::flush()" instead. See
also the section on "$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH" in the
perlvar manpage.
fgetc Use method "IO::Handle::getc()" instead, or see
the read entry in the perlfunc manpage.
fgetpos Use method "IO::Seekable::getpos()" instead, or
see the seek entry in the L manpage.
fgets Use method "IO::Handle::gets()" instead. Similar
to <>, also known as the readline entry in the
perlfunc manpage.
fileno Use method "IO::Handle::fileno()" instead, or see
the fileno entry in the perlfunc manpage.
floor This is identical to the C function "floor()",
returning the largest integer value less than or
equal to the numerical argument.
fmod This is identical to the C function "fmod()".
$r = modf($x, $y);
It returns the remainder "$r = $x - $n*$y", where
"$n = trunc($x/$y)". The "$r" has the same sign
as "$x" and magnitude (absolute value) less than
the magnitude of "$y".
fopen Use method "IO::File::open()" instead, or see the
open entry in the perlfunc manpage.
fork This is identical to Perl's builtin "fork()" func
tion for duplicating the current process, see the
fork entry in the perlfunc manpage and the perl
fork manpage if you are in Windows.
fpathconf
Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a
file or directory. This uses file descriptors
such as those obtained by calling "POSIX::open".
The following will determine the maximum length of
the longest allowable pathname on the filesystem
which holds "/tmp/foo".
$fd = POSIX::open( "/tmp/foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
$path_max = POSIX::fpathconf( $fd, &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
Returns "undef" on failure.
fprintf fprintf() is C-specific, see the printf entry in
the perlfunc manpage instead.
fputc fputc() is C-specific, see the print entry in the
perlfunc manpage instead.
fputs fputs() is C-specific, see the print entry in the
perlfunc manpage instead.
fread fread() is C-specific, see the read entry in the
perlfunc manpage instead.
free free() is C-specific. Perl does memory management
transparently.
freopen freopen() is C-specific, see the open entry in the
perlfunc manpage instead.
frexp Return the mantissa and exponent of a floating-
point number.
($mantissa, $exponent) = POSIX::frexp( 1.234e56 );
fscanf fscanf() is C-specific, use <> and regular expres
sions instead.
fseek Use method "IO::Seekable::seek()" instead, or see
the seek entry in the perlfunc manpage.
fsetpos Use method "IO::Seekable::setpos()" instead, or
seek the seek entry in the perlfunc manpage.
fstat Get file status. This uses file descriptors such
as those obtained by calling "POSIX::open". The
data returned is identical to the data from Perl's
builtin "stat" function.
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
@stats = POSIX::fstat( $fd );
ftell Use method "IO::Seekable::tell()" instead, or see
the tell entry in the perlfunc manpage.
fwrite fwrite() is C-specific, see the print entry in the
perlfunc manpage instead.
getc This is identical to Perl's builtin "getc()" func
tion, see the getc entry in the perlfunc manpage.
getchar Returns one character from STDIN. Identical to
Perl's "getc()", see the getc entry in the perl
func manpage.
getcwd Returns the name of the current working directory.
See also the Cwd manpage.
getegid Returns the effective group identifier. Similar
to Perl' s builtin variable "$(", see the section
on "$EGID" in the perlvar manpage.
getenv Returns the value of the specified enironment
variable. The same information is available
through the "%ENV" array.
geteuid Returns the effective user identifier. Identical
to Perl's builtin "$>" variable, see the section
on "$EUID" in the perlvar manpage.
getgid Returns the user's real group identifier. Similar
to Perl's builtin variable "$)", see the section
on "$GID" in the perlvar manpage.
getgrgid
This is identical to Perl's builtin "getgrgid()"
function for returning group entries by group
identifiers, see the getgrgid entry in the perl
func manpage.
getgrnam
This is identical to Perl's builtin "getgrnam()"
function for returning group entries by group
names, see the getgrnam entry in the perlfunc man
page.
getgroups
Returns the ids of the user's supplementary
groups. Similar to Perl's builtin variable "$)",
see the section on "$GID" in the perlvar manpage.
getlogin
This is identical to Perl's builtin "getlogin()"
function for returning the user name associated
with the current session, see the getlogin entry
in the perlfunc manpage.
getpgrp This is identical to Perl's builtin "getpgrp()"
function for returning the prcess group identifier
of the current process, see the getpgrp entry in
the perlfunc manpage.
getpid Returns the process identifier. Identical to
Perl's builtin variable "$$", see the section on
"$PID" in the perlvar manpage.
getppid This is identical to Perl's builtin "getppid()"
function for returning the process identifier of
the parent process of the current process , see
the getppid entry in the perlfunc manpage.
getpwnam
This is identical to Perl's builtin "getpwnam()"
function for returning user entries by user names,
see the getpwnam entry in the perlfunc manpage.
getpwuid
This is identical to Perl's builtin "getpwuid()"
function for returning user entries by user iden
tifiers, see the getpwuid entry in the perlfunc
manpage.
gets Returns one line from "STDIN", similar to <>, also
known as the "readline()" function, see the read
line entry in the perlfunc manpage.
NOTE: if you have C programs that still use
"gets()", be very afraid. The "gets()" function
is a source of endless grief because it has no
buffer overrun checks. It should never be used.
The "fgets()" function should be preferred
instead.
getuid Returns the user's identifier. Identical to
Perl's builtin "$<" variable, see the section on
"$UID" in the perlvar manpage.
gmtime This is identical to Perl's builtin "gmtime()"
function for converting seconds since the epoch to
a date in Greenwich Mean Time, see the gmtime
entry in the perlfunc manpage.
isalnum This is identical to the C function, except that
it can apply to a single character or to a whole
string. Consider using regular expressions and
the "/[[:isalnum:]]/" construct instead, or possi
bly the "/\w/" construct.
isalpha This is identical to the C function, except that
it can apply to a single character or to a whole
string. Consider using regular expressions and
the "/[[:isalpha:]]/" construct instead.
isatty Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified
filehandle is connected to a tty. Similar to the
"-t" operator, see the section on "-X" in the
perlfunc manpage.
iscntrl This is identical to the C function, except that
it can apply to a single character or to a whole
string. Consider using regular expressions and
the "/[[:iscntrl:]]/" construct instead.
isdigit This is identical to the C function, except that
it can apply to a single character or to a whole
string. Consider using regular expressions and
the "/[[:isdigit:]]/" construct instead, or the
"/\d/" construct.
isgraph This is identical to the C function, except that
it can apply to a single character or to a whole
string. Consider using regular expressions and
the "/[[:isgraph:]]/" construct instead.
islower This is identical to the C function, except that
it can apply to a single character or to a whole
string. Consider using regular expressions and
the "/[[:islower:]]/" construct instead. Do not
use "/a-z/".
isprint This is identical to the C function, except that
it can apply to a single character or to a whole
string. Consider using regular expressions and
the "/[[:isprint:]]/" construct instead.
ispunct This is identical to the C function, except that
it can apply to a single character or to a whole
string. Consider using regular expressions and
the "/[[:ispunct:]]/" construct instead.
isspace This is identical to the C function, except that
it can apply to a single character or to a whole
string. Consider using regular expressions and
the "/[[:isspace:]]/" construct instead, or the
"/\s/" construct.
isupper This is identical to the C function, except that
it can apply to a single character or to a whole
string. Consider using regular expressions and
the "/[[:isupper:]]/" construct instead. Do not
use "/A-Z/".
isxdigit
This is identical to the C function, except that
it can apply to a single character or to a whole
string. Consider using regular expressions and
the "/[[:isxdigit:]]/" construct instead, or sim
ply "/[0-9a-f]/i".
kill This is identical to Perl's builtin "kill()" func
tion for sending signals to processes (often to
terminate them), see the kill entry in the perl
func manpage.
labs (For returning absolute values of long integers.)
labs() is C-specific, see the abs entry in the
perlfunc manpage instead.
ldexp This is identical to the C function "ldexp()" for
multiplying floating point numbers with powers of
two.
$x_quadrupled = POSIX::ldexp($x, 2);
ldiv (For computing dividends of long integers.)
ldiv() is C-specific, use "/" and "int()" instead.
link This is identical to Perl's builtin "link()" func
tion for creating hard links into files, see the
link entry in the perlfunc manpage.
localeconv
Get numeric formatting information. Returns a
reference to a hash containing the current locale
formatting values.
Here is how to query the database for the de
(Deutsch or German) locale.
$loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "de" );
print "Locale = $loc\n";
$lconv = POSIX::localeconv();
print "decimal_point = ", $lconv->{decimal_point}, "\n";
print "thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{thousands_sep}, "\n";
print "grouping = ", $lconv->{grouping}, "\n";
print "int_curr_symbol = ", $lconv->{int_curr_symbol}, "\n";
print "currency_symbol = ", $lconv->{currency_symbol}, "\n";
print "mon_decimal_point = ", $lconv->{mon_decimal_point}, "\n";
print "mon_thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{mon_thousands_sep}, "\n";
print "mon_grouping = ", $lconv->{mon_grouping}, "\n";
print "positive_sign = ", $lconv->{positive_sign}, "\n";
print "negative_sign = ", $lconv->{negative_sign}, "\n";
print "int_frac_digits = ", $lconv->{int_frac_digits}, "\n";
print "frac_digits = ", $lconv->{frac_digits}, "\n";
print "p_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{p_cs_precedes}, "\n";
print "p_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{p_sep_by_space}, "\n";
print "n_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{n_cs_precedes}, "\n";
print "n_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{n_sep_by_space}, "\n";
print "p_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{p_sign_posn}, "\n";
print "n_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{n_sign_posn}, "\n";
localtime
This is identical to Perl's builtin "localtime()"
function for converting seconds since the epoch to
a date see the localtime entry in the perlfunc
manpage.
log This is identical to Perl's builtin "log()" func
tion, returning the natural (e-based) logarithm of
the numerical argument, see the log entry in the
perlfunc manpage.
log10 This is identical to the C function "log10()",
returning the 10-base logarithm of the numerical
argument. You can also use
sub log10 { log($_[0]) / log(10) }
or
sub log10 { log($_[0]) / 2.30258509299405 }
or
sub log10 { log($_[0]) * 0.434294481903252 }
longjmp longjmp() is C-specific: use the die entry in the
perlfunc manpage instead.
lseek Move the file's read/write position. This uses
file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
"POSIX::open".
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
$off_t = POSIX::lseek( $fd, 0, &POSIX::SEEK_SET );
Returns "undef" on failure.
malloc malloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory manage
ment transparently.
mblen This is identical to the C function "mblen()".
Perl does not have any support for the wide and
multibyte characters of the C standards, so this
might be a rather useless function.
mbstowcs
This is identical to the C function "mbstowcs()".
Perl does not have any support for the wide and
multibyte characters of the C standards, so this
might be a rather useless function.
mbtowc This is identical to the C function "mbtowc()".
Perl does not have any support for the wide and
multibyte characters of the C standards, so this
might be a rather useless function.
memchr memchr() is C-specific, see the index entry in the
perlfunc manpage instead.
memcmp memcmp() is C-specific, use "eq" instead, see the
perlop manpage.
memcpy memcpy() is C-specific, use "=", see the perlop
manpage, or see the substr entry in the perlfunc
manpage.
memmove memmove() is C-specific, use "=", see the perlop
manpage, or see the substr entry in the perlfunc
manpage.
memset memset() is C-specific, use "x" instead, see the
perlop manpage.
mkdir This is identical to Perl's builtin "mkdir()"
function for creating directories, see the mkdir
entry in the perlfunc manpage.
mkfifo This is similar to the C function "mkfifo()" for
creating FIFO special files.
if (mkfifo($path, $mode)) { ....
Returns "undef" on failure. The "$mode" is simi
lar to the mode of "mkdir()", see the mkdir entry
in the perlfunc manpage.
mktime Convert date/time info to a calendar time.
Synopsis:
mktime(sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = 0, yday = 0, isdst = 0)
The month ("mon"), weekday ("wday"), and yearday
("yday") begin at zero. I.e. January is 0, not 1;
Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The
year ("year") is given in years since 1900. I.e.
The year 1995 is 95; the year 2001 is 101. Con
sult your system's "mktime()" manpage for details
about these and the other arguments.
Calendar time for December 12, 1995, at 10:30 am.
$time_t = POSIX::mktime( 0, 30, 10, 12, 11, 95 );
print "Date = ", POSIX::ctime($time_t);
Returns "undef" on failure.
modf Return the integral and fractional parts of a
floating-point number.
($fractional, $integral) = POSIX::modf( 3.14 );
nice This is similar to the C function "nice()", for
changing the scheduling preference of the current
process. Positive arguments mean more polite pro
cess, negative values more needy process. Normal
user processes can only be more polite.
Returns "undef" on failure.
offsetof
offsetof() is C-specific, you probably want to see
the pack entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.
open Open a file for reading for writing. This returns
file descriptors, not Perl filehandles. Use
"POSIX::close" to close the file.
Open a file read-only with mode 0666.
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo" );
Open a file for read and write.
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDWR );
Open a file for write, with truncation.
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY | &POSIX::O_TRUNC );
Create a new file with mode 0640. Set up the file
for writing.
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_CREAT | &POSIX::O_WRONLY, 0640 );
Returns "undef" on failure.
See also the sysopen entry in the perlfunc man
page.
opendir Open a directory for reading.
$dir = POSIX::opendir( "/tmp" );
@files = POSIX::readdir( $dir );
POSIX::closedir( $dir );
Returns "undef" on failure.
pathconf
Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a
file or directory.
The following will determine the maximum length of
the longest allowable pathname on the filesystem
which holds "/tmp".
$path_max = POSIX::pathconf( "/tmp", &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
Returns "undef" on failure.
pause This is similar to the C function "pause()", which
suspends the execution of the current process
until a signal is received.
Returns "undef" on failure.
perror This is identical to the C function "perror()",
which outputs to the standard error stream the
specified message followed by ": " and the current
error string. Use the "warn()" function and the
"$!" variable instead, see the warn entry in the
perlfunc manpage and the section on "$ERRNO" in
the perlvar manpage.
pipe Create an interprocess channel. This returns file
descriptors like those returned by "POSIX::open".
($fd0, $fd1) = POSIX::pipe();
POSIX::write( $fd0, "hello", 5 );
POSIX::read( $fd1, $buf, 5 );
See also the pipe entry in the perlfunc manpage.
pow Computes "$x" raised to the power "$exponent".
$ret = POSIX::pow( $x, $exponent );
You can also use the "**" operator, see the perlop
manpage.
printf Formats and prints the specified arguments to STD
OUT. See also the printf entry in the perlfunc
manpage.
putc putc() is C-specific, see the print entry in the
perlfunc manpage instead.
putchar putchar() is C-specific, see the print entry in
the perlfunc manpage instead.
puts puts() is C-specific, see the print entry in the
perlfunc manpage instead.
qsort qsort() is C-specific, see the sort entry in the
perlfunc manpage instead.
raise Sends the specified signal to the current process.
See also the kill entry in the perlfunc manpage
and the "$$" in the section on "$PID" in the perl
var manpage.
rand "rand()" is non-portable, see the rand entry in
the perlfunc manpage instead.
read Read from a file. This uses file descriptors such
as those obtained by calling "POSIX::open". If
the buffer "$buf" is not large enough for the read
then Perl will extend it to make room for the
request.
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
$bytes = POSIX::read( $fd, $buf, 3 );
Returns "undef" on failure.
See also the sysread entry in the perlfunc man
page.
readdir This is identical to Perl's builtin "readdir()"
function for reading directory entries, see the
readdir entry in the perlfunc manpage.
realloc realloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory manage
ment transparently.
remove This is identical to Perl's builtin "unlink()"
function for removing files, see the unlink entry
in the perlfunc manpage.
rename This is identical to Perl's builtin "rename()"
function for renaming files, see the rename entry
in the perlfunc manpage.
rewind Seeks to the beginning of the file.
rewinddir
This is identical to Perl's builtin "rewinddir()"
function for rewinding directory entry streams,
see the rewinddir entry in the perlfunc manpage.
rmdir This is identical to Perl's builtin "rmdir()"
function for removing (empty) directories, see the
rmdir entry in the perlfunc manpage.
scanf scanf() is C-specific, use <> and regular expres
sions instead, see the perlre manpage.
setgid Sets the real group identifier for this process.
Identical to assigning a value to the Perl's
builtin "$)" variable, see the section on "$UID"
in the perlvar manpage.
setjmp "setjmp()" is C-specific: use "eval {}" instead,
see the eval entry in the perlfunc manpage.
setlocale
Modifies and queries program's locale. The fol
lowing examples assume
use POSIX qw(setlocale LC_ALL LC_CTYPE);
has been issued.
The following will set the traditional UNIX system
locale behavior (the second argument ""C"").
$loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "C" );
The following will query the current LC_CTYPE cat
egory. (No second argument means 'query'.)
$loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE );
The following will set the LC_CTYPE behaviour
according to the locale environment variables (the
second argument """"). Please see your systems
setlocale(3) documentation for the locale environ
ment variables' meaning or consult the perllocale
manpage.
$loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE, "" );
The following will set the LC_COLLATE behaviour to
Argentinian Spanish. NOTE: The naming and avail
ability of locales depends on your operating sys
tem. Please consult the perllocale manpage for how
to find out which locales are available in your
system.
$loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "es_AR.ISO8859-1" );
setpgid This is similar to the C function "setpgid()" for
setting the process group identifier of the cur
rent process.
Returns "undef" on failure.
setsid This is identical to the C function "setsid()" for
setting the session identifier of the current pro
cess.
setuid Sets the real user identifier for this process.
Identical to assigning a value to the Perl's
builtin "$<" variable, see the section on "$UID"
in the perlvar manpage.
sigaction
Detailed signal management. This uses
"POSIX::SigAction" objects for the "action" and
"oldaction" arguments. Consult your system's
"sigaction" manpage for details.
Synopsis:
sigaction(sig, action, oldaction = 0)
Returns "undef" on failure.
siglongjmp
siglongjmp() is C-specific: use the die entry in
the perlfunc manpage instead.
sigpending
Examine signals that are blocked and pending.
This uses "POSIX::SigSet" objects for the "sigset"
argument. Consult your system's "sigpending" man
page for details.
Synopsis:
sigpending(sigset)
Returns "undef" on failure.
sigprocmask
Change and/or examine calling process's signal
mask. This uses "POSIX::SigSet" objects for the
"sigset" and "oldsigset" arguments. Consult your
system's "sigprocmask" manpage for details.
Synopsis:
sigprocmask(how, sigset, oldsigset = 0)
Returns "undef" on failure.
sigsetjmp
"sigsetjmp()" is C-specific: use "eval {}"
instead, see the eval entry in the perlfunc man
page.
sigsuspend
Install a signal mask and suspend process until
signal arrives. This uses "POSIX::SigSet" objects
for the "signal_mask" argument. Consult your sys
tem's "sigsuspend" manpage for details.
Synopsis:
sigsuspend(signal_mask)
Returns "undef" on failure.
sin This is identical to Perl's builtin "sin()" func
tion for returning the sine of the numerical argu
ment, see the sin entry in the perlfunc manpage.
See also the Math::Trig manpage.
sinh This is identical to the C function "sinh()" for
returning the hyperbolic sine of the numerical
argument. See also the Math::Trig manpage.
sleep This is identical to Perl's builtin "sleep()"
function for suspending the execution of the cur
rent for process for certain number of seconds,
see the sleep entry in the perlfunc manpage.
sprintf This is similar to Perl's builtin "sprintf()"
function for returning a string that has the argu
ments formatted as requested, see the sprintf
entry in the perlfunc manpage.
sqrt This is identical to Perl's builtin "sqrt()" func
tion. for returning the square root of the numer
ical argument, see the sqrt entry in the perlfunc
manpage.
srand Give a seed the pseudorandom number generator, see
the srand entry in the perlfunc manpage.
sscanf sscanf() is C-specific, use regular expressions
instead, see the perlre manpage.
stat This is identical to Perl's builtin "stat()" func
tion for retutning information about files and
directories.
strcat strcat() is C-specific, use ".=" instead, see the
perlop manpage.
strchr strchr() is C-specific, see the index entry in the
perlfunc manpage instead.
strcmp strcmp() is C-specific, use "eq" or "cmp" instead,
see the perlop manpage.
strcoll This is identical to the C function "strcoll()"
for collating (comparing) strings transformed
using the "strxfrm()" function. Not really needed
since Perl can do this transparently, see the per
llocale manpage.
strcpy strcpy() is C-specific, use "=" instead, see the
perlop manpage.
strcspn strcspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions
instead, see the perlre manpage.
strerror
Returns the error string for the specified errno.
Identical to the string form of the "$!", see the
section on "$ERRNO" in the perlvar manpage.
strftime
Convert date and time information to string.
Returns the string.
Synopsis:
strftime(fmt, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1)
The month ("mon"), weekday ("wday"), and yearday
("yday") begin at zero. I.e. January is 0, not 1;
Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The
year ("year") is given in years since 1900. I.e.,
the year 1995 is 95; the year 2001 is 101. Con
sult your system's "strftime()" manpage for
details about these and the other arguments. If
you want your code to be portable, your format
("fmt") argument should use only the conversion
specifiers defined by the ANSI C standard. These
are "aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYZ%". The given arguments
are made consistent as though by calling
"mktime()" before calling your system's "strf
time()" function, except that the "isdst" value is
not affected.
The string for Tuesday, December 12, 1995.
$str = POSIX::strftime( "%A, %B %d, %Y", 0, 0, 0, 12, 11, 95, 2 );
print "$str\n";
strlen strlen() is C-specific, use "length()" instead,
see the length entry in the perlfunc manpage.
strncat strncat() is C-specific, use ".=" instead, see the
perlop manpage.
strncmp strncmp() is C-specific, use "eq" instead, see the
perlop manpage.
strncpy strncpy() is C-specific, use "=" instead, see the
perlop manpage.
strpbrk strpbrk() is C-specific, use regular expressions
instead, see the perlre manpage.
strrchr strrchr() is C-specific, see the rindex entry in
the perlfunc manpage instead.
strspn strspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions
instead, see the perlre manpage.
strstr This is identical to Perl's builtin "index()"
function, see the index entry in the perlfunc man
page.
strtod String to double translation. Returns the parsed
number and the number of characters in the
unparsed portion of the string. Truly POSIX-com
pliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a
translation error, so clear $! before calling str
tod. However, non-POSIX systems may not check for
overflow, and therefore will never set $!.
strtod should respect any POSIXsetlocale() set
tings.
To parse a string $str as a floating point number
use
$! = 0;
($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtod($str);
The second returned item and $! can be used to
check for valid input:
if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) {
die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n";
}
When called in a scalar context strtod returns the
parsed number.
strtok strtok() is C-specific, use regular expressions
instead, see the perlre manpage, or the split
entry in the perlfunc manpage.
strtol String to (long) integer translation. Returns the
parsed number and the number of characters in the
unparsed portion of the string. Truly POSIX-com
pliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a
translation error, so clear $! before calling str
tol. However, non-POSIX systems may not check for
overflow, and therefore will never set $!.
strtol should respect any POSIXsetlocale()
settings.
To parse a string $str as a number in some base
$base use
$! = 0;
($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtol($str, $base);
The base should be zero or between 2 and 36,
inclusive. When the base is zero or omitted str
tol will use the string itself to determine the
base: a leading "0x" or "0X" means hexadecimal; a
leading "0" means octal; any other leading charac
ters mean decimal. Thus, "1234" is parsed as a
decimal number, "01234" as an octal number, and
"0x1234" as a hexadecimal number.
The second returned item and $! can be used to
check for valid input:
if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) {
die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n";
}
When called in a scalar context strtol returns the
parsed number.
strtoul String to unsigned (long) integer translation.
strtoul() is identical to strtol() except that
strtoul() only parses unsigned integers. See the
strtol entry elsewhere in this document for
details.
Note: Some vendors supply strtod() and strtol()
but not strtoul(). Other vendors that do supply
strtoul() parse "-1" as a valid value.
strxfrm String transformation. Returns the transformed
string.
$dst = POSIX::strxfrm( $src );
Used in conjunction with the "strcoll()" function,
see the strcoll entry elsewhere in this document.
Not really needed since Perl can do this transpar
ently, see the perllocale manpage.
sysconf Retrieves values of system configurable variables.
The following will get the machine's clock speed.
$clock_ticks = POSIX::sysconf( &POSIX::_SC_CLK_TCK );
Returns "undef" on failure.
system This is identical to Perl's builtin "system()"
function, see the system entry in the perlfunc
manpage.
tan This is identical to the C function "tan()",
returning the tangent of the numerical argument.
See also the Math::Trig manpage.
tanh This is identical to the C function "tanh()",
returning the hyperbolic tangent of the numerical
argument. See also the Math::Trig manpage.
tcdrain This is similar to the C function "tcdrain()" for
draining the output queue of its argument stream.
Returns "undef" on failure.
tcflow This is similar to the C function "tcflow()" for
controlling the flow of its argument stream.
Returns "undef" on failure.
tcflush This is similar to the C function "tcflush()" for
flushing the I/O buffers of its argumeny stream.
Returns "undef" on failure.
tcgetpgrp
This is identical to the C function "tcgetpgrp()"
for returning the process group identifier of the
foreground process group of the controlling termi
nal.
tcsendbreak
This is similar to the C function "tcsendbreak()"
for sending a break on its argument stream.
Returns "undef" on failure.
tcsetpgrp
This is similar to the C function "tcsetpgrp()"
for setting the process group identifier of the
foreground process group of the controlling termi
nal.
Returns "undef" on failure.
time This is identical to Perl's builtin "time()" func
tion for returning the number of seconds since the
epoch (whatever it is for the system), see the
time entry in the perlfunc manpage.
times The times() function returns elapsed realtime
since some point in the past (such as system
startup), user and system times for this process,
and user and system times used by child processes.
All times are returned in clock ticks.
($realtime, $user, $system, $cuser, $csystem) = POSIX::times();
Note: Perl's builtin "times()" function returns
four values, measured in seconds.
tmpfile Use method "IO::File::new_tmpfile()" instead, or
see the File::Temp manpage.
tmpnam Returns a name for a temporary file.
$tmpfile = POSIX::tmpnam();
For security reasons, which are probably detailed
in your system's documentation for the C library
tmpnam() function, this interface should not be
used; instead see the File::Temp manpage.
tolower This is identical to the C function, except that
it can apply to a single character or to a whole
string. Consider using the "lc()" function, see
the lc entry in the perlfunc manpage, or the
equivalent "\L" operator inside doublequotish
strings.
toupper This is identical to the C function, except that
it can apply to a single character or to a whole
string. Consider using the "uc()" function, see
the uc entry in the perlfunc manpage, or the
equivalent "\U" operator inside doublequotish
strings.
ttyname This is identical to the C function "ttyname()"
for returning the name of the current terminal.
tzname Retrieves the time conversion information from the
"tzname" variable.
POSIX::tzset();
($std, $dst) = POSIX::tzname();
tzset This is identical to the C function "tzset()" for
setting the current timezone based on the environ
ment variable "TZ", to be used by "ctime()",
"localtime()", "mktime()", and "strftime()" func
tions.
umask This is identical to Perl's builtin "umask()"
function for setting (and querying) the file cre
ation permission mask, see the umask entry in the
perlfunc manpage.
uname Get name of current operating system.
($sysname, $nodename, $release, $version, $machine) = POSIX::uname();
Note that the actual meanings of the various
fields are not that well standardized, do not
expect any great portability. The "$sysname"
might be the name of the operating system, the
"$nodename" might be the name of the host, the
"$release" might be the (major) release number of
the operating system, the "$version" might be the
(minor) release number of the operating system,
and the "$machine" might be a hardware identifier.
Maybe.
ungetc Use method "IO::Handle::ungetc()" instead.
unlink This is identical to Perl's builtin "unlink()"
function for removing files, see the unlink entry
in the perlfunc manpage.
utime This is identical to Perl's builtin "utime()"
function for changing the time stamps of files and
directories, see the utime entry in the perlfunc
manpage.
vfprintf
vfprintf() is C-specific, see the printf entry in
the perlfunc manpage instead.
vprintf vprintf() is C-specific, see the printf entry in
the perlfunc manpage instead.
vsprintf
vsprintf() is C-specific, see the sprintf entry in
the perlfunc manpage instead.
wait This is identical to Perl's builtin "wait()" func
tion, see the wait entry in the perlfunc manpage.
waitpid Wait for a child process to change state. This is
identical to Perl's builtin "waitpid()" function,
see the waitpid entry in the perlfunc manpage.
$pid = POSIX::waitpid( -1, &POSIX::WNOHANG );
print "status = ", ($? / 256), "\n";
wcstombs
This is identical to the C function "wcstombs()".
Perl does not have any support for the wide and
multibyte characters of the C standards, so this
might be a rather useless function.
wctomb This is identical to the C function "wctomb()".
Perl does not have any support for the wide and
multibyte characters of the C standards, so this
might be a rather useless function.
write Write to a file. This uses file descriptors such
as those obtained by calling "POSIX::open".
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY );
$buf = "hello";
$bytes = POSIX::write( $b, $buf, 5 );
Returns "undef" on failure.
See also the syswrite entry in the perlfunc man
page.
CLASSES
POSIX::SigAction
new Creates a new "POSIX::SigAction" object which cor
responds to the C "struct sigaction". This object
will be destroyed automatically when it is no
longer needed. The first parameter is the fully-
qualified name of a sub which is a signal-handler.
The second parameter is a "POSIX::SigSet" object,
it defaults to the empty set. The third parameter
contains the "sa_flags", it defaults to 0.
$sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGQUIT);
$sigaction = POSIX::SigAction->new( 'main::handler', $sigset, &POSIX::SA_NOCLDSTOP );
This "POSIX::SigAction" object should be used with
the "POSIX::sigaction()" function.
POSIX::SigSet
new Create a new SigSet object. This object will be
destroyed automatically when it is no longer
needed. Arguments may be supplied to initialize
the set.
Create an empty set.
$sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new;
Create a set with SIGUSR1.
$sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 );
addset Add a signal to a SigSet object.
$sigset->addset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
Returns "undef" on failure.
delset Remove a signal from the SigSet object.
$sigset->delset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
Returns "undef" on failure.
emptyset
Initialize the SigSet object to be empty.
$sigset->emptyset();
Returns "undef" on failure.
fillset Initialize the SigSet object to include all sig
nals.
$sigset->fillset();
Returns "undef" on failure.
ismember
Tests the SigSet object to see if it contains a
specific signal.
if( $sigset->ismember( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ) ){
print "contains SIGUSR1\n";
}
POSIX::Termios
new Create a new Termios object. This object will be
destroyed automatically when it is no longer
needed. A Termios object corresponds to the
termios C struct. new() mallocs a new one,
getattr() fills it from a file descriptor, and
setattr() sets a file descriptor's parameters to
match Termios' contents.
$termios = POSIX::Termios->new;
getattr Get terminal control attributes.
Obtain the attributes for stdin.
$termios->getattr()
Obtain the attributes for stdout.
$termios->getattr( 1 )
Returns "undef" on failure.
getcc Retrieve a value from the c_cc field of a termios
object. The c_cc field is an array so an index
must be specified.
$c_cc[1] = $termios->getcc(1);
getcflag
Retrieve the c_cflag field of a termios object.
$c_cflag = $termios->getcflag;
getiflag
Retrieve the c_iflag field of a termios object.
$c_iflag = $termios->getiflag;
getispeed
Retrieve the input baud rate.
$ispeed = $termios->getispeed;
getlflag
Retrieve the c_lflag field of a termios object.
$c_lflag = $termios->getlflag;
getoflag
Retrieve the c_oflag field of a termios object.
$c_oflag = $termios->getoflag;
getospeed
Retrieve the output baud rate.
$ospeed = $termios->getospeed;
setattr Set terminal control attributes.
Set attributes immediately for stdout.
$termios->setattr( 1, &POSIX::TCSANOW );
Returns "undef" on failure.
setcc Set a value in the c_cc field of a termios object.
The c_cc field is an array so an index must be
specified.
$termios->setcc( &POSIX::VEOF, 1 );
setcflag
Set the c_cflag field of a termios object.
$termios->setcflag( $c_cflag | &POSIX::CLOCAL );
setiflag
Set the c_iflag field of a termios object.
$termios->setiflag( $c_iflag | &POSIX::BRKINT );
setispeed
Set the input baud rate.
$termios->setispeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
Returns "undef" on failure.
setlflag
Set the c_lflag field of a termios object.
$termios->setlflag( $c_lflag | &POSIX::ECHO );
setoflag
Set the c_oflag field of a termios object.
$termios->setoflag( $c_oflag | &POSIX::OPOST );
setospeed
Set the output baud rate.
$termios->setospeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
Returns "undef" on failure.
Baud rate values
B38400 B75 B200 B134 B300 B1800 B150 B0 B19200
B1200 B9600 B600 B4800 B50 B2400 B110
Terminal interface values
TCSADRAIN TCSANOW TCOON TCIOFLUSH TCOFLUSH TCION
TCIFLUSH TCSAFLUSH TCIOFF TCOOFF
c_cc field values
VEOF VEOL VERASE VINTR VKILL VQUIT VSUSP VSTART
VSTOP VMIN VTIME NCCS
c_cflag field values
CLOCAL CREAD CSIZE CS5 CS6 CS7 CS8 CSTOPB HUPCL
PARENB PARODD
c_iflag field values
BRKINT ICRNL IGNBRK IGNCR IGNPAR INLCR INPCK
ISTRIP IXOFF IXON PARMRK
c_lflag field values
ECHO ECHOE ECHOK ECHONL ICANON IEXTEN ISIG NOFLSH
TOSTOP
c_oflag field values
OPOST
PATHNAME CONSTANTS
Constants
_PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _PC_LINK_MAX _PC_MAX_CANON
_PC_MAX_INPUT _PC_NAME_MAX _PC_NO_TRUNC
_PC_PATH_MAX _PC_PIPE_BUF _PC_VDISABLE
POSIX CONSTANTS
Constants
_POSIX_ARG_MAX _POSIX_CHILD_MAX
_POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _POSIX_JOB_CONTROL
_POSIX_LINK_MAX _POSIX_MAX_CANON _POSIX_MAX_INPUT
_POSIX_NAME_MAX _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX _POSIX_NO_TRUNC
_POSIX_OPEN_MAX _POSIX_PATH_MAX _POSIX_PIPE_BUF
_POSIX_SAVED_IDS _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX
_POSIX_STREAM_MAX _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX _POSIX_VDIS
ABLE _POSIX_VERSION
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Constants
_SC_ARG_MAX _SC_CHILD_MAX _SC_CLK_TCK _SC_JOB_CON
TROL _SC_NGROUPS_MAX _SC_OPEN_MAX _SC_SAVED_IDS
_SC_STREAM_MAX _SC_TZNAME_MAX _SC_VERSION
ERRNO
Constants
E2BIG EACCES EADDRINUSE EADDRNOTAVAIL EAFNOSUPPORT
EAGAIN EALREADY EBADF EBUSY ECHILD ECONNABORTED
ECONNREFUSED ECONNRESET EDEADLK EDESTADDRREQ EDOM
EDQUOT EEXIST EFAULT EFBIG EHOSTDOWN EHOSTUNREACH
EINPROGRESS EINTR EINVAL EIO EISCONN EISDIR ELOOP
EMFILE EMLINK EMSGSIZE ENAMETOOLONG ENETDOWN ENE
TRESET ENETUNREACH ENFILE ENOBUFS ENODEV ENOENT
ENOEXEC ENOLCK ENOMEM ENOPROTOOPT ENOSPC ENOSYS
ENOTBLK ENOTCONN ENOTDIR ENOTEMPTY ENOTSOCK ENOTTY
ENXIO EOPNOTSUPP EPERM EPFNOSUPPORT EPIPE EPROCLIM
EPROTONOSUPPORT EPROTOTYPE ERANGE EREMOTE ERESTART
EROFS ESHUTDOWN ESOCKTNOSUPPORT ESPIPE ESRCH
ESTALE ETIMEDOUT ETOOMANYREFS ETXTBSY EUSERS
EWOULDBLOCK EXDEV
FCNTL
Constants
FD_CLOEXEC F_DUPFD F_GETFD F_GETFL F_GETLK F_OK
F_RDLCK F_SETFD F_SETFL F_SETLK F_SETLKW F_UNLCK
F_WRLCK O_ACCMODE O_APPEND O_CREAT O_EXCL O_NOCTTY
O_NONBLOCK O_RDONLY O_RDWR O_TRUNC O_WRONLY
FLOAT
Constants
DBL_DIG DBL_EPSILON DBL_MANT_DIG DBL_MAX
DBL_MAX_10_EXP DBL_MAX_EXP DBL_MIN DBL_MIN_10_EXP
DBL_MIN_EXP FLT_DIG FLT_EPSILON FLT_MANT_DIG
FLT_MAX FLT_MAX_10_EXP FLT_MAX_EXP FLT_MIN
FLT_MIN_10_EXP FLT_MIN_EXP FLT_RADIX FLT_ROUNDS
LDBL_DIG LDBL_EPSILON LDBL_MANT_DIG LDBL_MAX
LDBL_MAX_10_EXP LDBL_MAX_EXP LDBL_MIN
LDBL_MIN_10_EXP LDBL_MIN_EXP
LIMITS
Constants
ARG_MAX CHAR_BIT CHAR_MAX CHAR_MIN CHILD_MAX
INT_MAX INT_MIN LINK_MAX LONG_MAX LONG_MIN
MAX_CANON MAX_INPUT MB_LEN_MAX NAME_MAX
NGROUPS_MAX OPEN_MAX PATH_MAX PIPE_BUF SCHAR_MAX
SCHAR_MIN SHRT_MAX SHRT_MIN SSIZE_MAX STREAM_MAX
TZNAME_MAX UCHAR_MAX UINT_MAX ULONG_MAX USHRT_MAX
LOCALE
Constants
LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC
LC_TIME
MATH
Constants
HUGE_VAL
SIGNAL
Constants
SA_NOCLDSTOP SA_NOCLDWAIT SA_NODEFER SA_ONSTACK
SA_RESETHAND SA_RESTART SA_SIGINFO SIGABRT SIGALRM
SIGCHLD SIGCONT SIGFPE SIGHUP SIGILL SIGINT
SIGKILL SIGPIPE SIGQUIT SIGSEGV SIGSTOP SIGTERM
SIGTSTP SIGTTIN SIGTTOU SIGUSR1 SIGUSR2 SIG_BLOCK
SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN SIG_SETMASK SIG_UNBLOCK
STAT
Constants
S_IRGRP S_IROTH S_IRUSR S_IRWXG S_IRWXO S_IRWXU
S_ISGID S_ISUID S_IWGRP S_IWOTH S_IWUSR S_IXGRP
S_IXOTH S_IXUSR
Macros S_ISBLK S_ISCHR S_ISDIR S_ISFIFO S_ISREG
STDLIB
Constants
EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS MB_CUR_MAX RAND_MAX
STDIO
Constants
BUFSIZ EOF FILENAME_MAX L_ctermid L_cuserid L_tmp
name TMP_MAX
TIME
Constants
CLK_TCK CLOCKS_PER_SEC
UNISTD
Constants
R_OK SEEK_CUR SEEK_END SEEK_SET STDIN_FILENO STD
OUT_FILENO STDERR_FILENO W_OK X_OK
WAIT
Constants
WNOHANG WUNTRACED
Macros WIFEXITED WEXITSTATUS WIFSIGNALED WTERMSIG WIF
STOPPED WSTOPSIG
2001-03-18 perl v5.6.1 POSIX(3)
