ZWRITE(1)ZWRITE(1)NAMEzwrite - write to another user via Zephyr
SYNOPSISzwrite [ -a ] [ -d ] [ -v ] [ -q ] [ -t ] [ -u ] [ -o ] [
-n ] [ -l ] [ -C ] [ -O opcode ] [ -s signature ] [ -c
class ] [ -i instance ] [ -r realm ] [ -f arg ] [ user ...
] [ -m message ]
DESCRIPTION
Zwrite sends a message from you to another user through
the zephyr(1) notification service. The user must have
subscribed to messages of the appropriate class and
instance using the zctl(1) program.
Zwrite understands the following options.
-a Causes zwrite to send the message authenti
cated, using Kerberos to perform the authenti
cation. This is the default.
-d Causes zwrite to send the message unauthenti
cated.
-v Causes zwrite to print what type of message it
is sending, and whether or not it was success
ful.
-q Forces zwrite to suppress information about
whether or not the message was sent.
-t Prevents zwrite from expanding tabs in the
message into appropriate spaces. Normally
zwrite will expand any tabs it finds into the
appropriate number of spaces to maintain sepa
ration based on 8-character tab stops.
-l Causes zwrite to ignore `.' on a line by
itself in the input and only end a typed mes
sage when the user types the end-of-file char
acter (usually control-D). When the input is
not a terminal, this is the default action.
-u Sends an urgent message. This changes the
zephyr instance of the message to ``URGENT''.
-o Causes zwrite to ignore the Zephyr variables
zwrite-class, zwrite-inst, and zwrite-opcode
when picking a default class, instance, and
opcode.
-n prevents zwrite from sending a PING message to
verify the recipient is subscribing to mes
sages. By default, zwrite will send a notice
to the destination class, instance, and recip
ient, with opcode ``PING'' before sending the
message. If the PING is sent, and the server
response indicates there are no recipients
subscribed to your message, zwrite exits with
out sending a message. When the -m option is
used, no PING is sent.
-C prepends a "CC:" line to the body of the mes
sage indicating the recipients of the message.
This is strictly a convenience: the presence
of a "CC:" line at the top of a zephyr body
does not necessarily indicate that this option
was used, or that the message really was sent
to the listed users, and its lack doesn't
indicate that the message was not sent to mul
tiple users.
-s signature
sets the signature to be included in the mes
sage. This overrides both the user's name (as
found in the password file) and any setting of
the Zephyr variable zwrite-signature. signa_
ture must be a single argument, hence when
using a shell it should be quoted with double
quotes. A signature argument of "" leaves the
signature in the message empty.
-c class Allows a user to specify a different class for
the message. This allows a message to be sent
to a large group of people with some degree of
security. See zephyr(1) and zephyrd(8) for a
description of how to restrict access to
classes. When this option is specified, the
message is sent to recipient "*" unless an
additional list of recipients is specified.
This argument may not be used in conjunction
with the -f option.
-i instance Allows a user to specify a different instance
than the default. When this option is used,
the message is sent to recipient "*" unless an
additional list of recipients is specified.
This allows a message to be sent to a large
group of people (e.g. a development group)
just by having the members subscribe to mes
sages of class "MESSAGE", the specified
instance, and recipient "*".
This argument may not be used in conjunction
with the -f option.
-r realm Allows a user to specify a different realm for
the message, if the server supports interrealm
Zephyr.
-F format Allows a user to specify a different default
format for the message.
-O opcode Allows a user to specify a different opcode
for the message. Some Zephyr notice display
programs may use the opcode to decide how to
display a notice.
-f arg Allows a user to specify an argument to be
interpreted as a filesystem specification.
The class is set to FILSRV. he instance is
set to arg as modified: If arg contains no
colons (`:'), it is assumed to be a host name,
and it is converted into an official host name
via gethostbyname(3). If arg contains a
colon, the portion preceding the colon is
treated as a host name, and the colon and any
trailing characters are appended to the offi
cal host name returned by gethostbyname. If
the name fails to resolve into an official
host name, the instance is set to arg unmodi
fied.
This option may not be used in conjunction
with the -c or -i option.
-m Zwrite sends the remaining arguments on the
command line as the message.
If the -m option is not specified, the user is prompted
for the message to be sent. The message may be terminated
by typing ^D or ``.'' on a line by itself.
The default class for messages is ``MESSAGE'', the default
instance is ``PERSONAL'', andthe default opcode is ``''
(an empty string). These defaults can be overridden by
setting the Zephyr variables zwrite-class, zwrite-inst,
and zwrite-opcode, respectively. Command-line options can
override the defaults.
If the class is ``MESSAGE'' and the instance is either
``PERSONAL'' or ``URGENT'', a recipient must be specified.
These comparisons are case-sensitive.
Unless the -s option is used, the contents of the Zephyr
variable zwrite-signature are used to augment the user's
username in the message. If zwrite-signature is not set
and the -s option is not specified, the user's full name
(as specified in the password file) is used instead.
BUGS
Tab expansion should really be done by the receiver of the
message.
The -u option is provided for compatibility with old ver
sions of zwrite and is not necessarily useful for sending
messages to users who do not have old subscription files.
SEE ALSOkerberosintro(1), zctl(1), zephyr(1), zwgc(1), zhm(8),
zephyrd(8), gethostbyname(3)
Project Athena Technical Plan Section E.4.1, `Zephyr Noti
fication Service'
FILES
/etc/passwd
$HOME/.zephyr.vars
AUTHOR
Robert S. French (MIT-Project Athena)
RESTRICTIONS
Copyright (c) 1987,1988 by the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. All Rights Reserved.
zephyr(1) specifies the terms and conditions for redistri
bution.
MIT Project Athena October 26, 1989 ZWRITE(1)
