PERLTOC(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLTOC(1)NAMEperltoc - perl documentation table of contents
DESCRIPTION
This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest
of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned
quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section
you're looking for.
BASIC DOCUMENTATION
perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AVAILABILITY
ENVIRONMENT
AUTHOR
FILES
SEE ALSO
DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
NOTES
perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date:
1999/05/23 20:38:02 $)
DESCRIPTION
perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
the perlfaq1 manpage: General Questions About Perl
the perlfaq2 manpage: Obtaining and Learning about
Perl
the perlfaq3 manpage: Programming Tools
the perlfaq4 manpage: Data Manipulation
the perlfaq5 manpage: Files and Formats
the perlfaq6 manpage: Regexps
the perlfaq7 manpage: General Perl Language Issues
the perlfaq8 manpage: System Interaction
the perlfaq9 manpage: Networking
About the perlfaq documents
Where to get the perlfaq
How to contribute to the perlfaq
What will happen if you mail your Perl programming
problems to the authors
Credits
Author and Copyright Information
Bundled Distributions
Disclaimer
Changes
1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99,
22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97,
18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release:
11/March/97
perlbook - Perl book information
DESCRIPTION
perlsyn - Perl syntax
DESCRIPTION
Declarations
Simple statements
Compound statements
Loop Control
For Loops
Foreach Loops
Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
Goto
PODs: Embedded Documentation
Plain Old Comments (Not!)
perldata - Perl data types
DESCRIPTION
Variable names
Context
Scalar values
Scalar value constructors
List value constructors
Slices
Typeglobs and Filehandles
SEE ALSO
perlop - Perl operators and precedence
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
The Arrow Operator
Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
Exponentiation
Symbolic Unary Operators
Binding Operators
Multiplicative Operators
Additive Operators
Shift Operators
Named Unary Operators
Relational Operators
Equality Operators
Bitwise And
Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
C-style Logical And
C-style Logical Or
Range Operators
Conditional Operator
Assignment Operators
Comma Operator
List Operators (Rightward)
Logical Not
Logical And
Logical or and Exclusive Or
C Operators Missing From Perl
unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
Quote and Quote-like Operators
Regexp Quote-Like Operators
?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx,
q/STRING/, "'STRING'", qq/STRING/, "STRING",
qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx,
tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCH
LIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before
delimiters, Interpolation, "<<'EOF'", "m''",
"s'''", "tr///", "y///", "''", "q//", """", "``",
"qq//", "qx//", "<file*glob>", "?RE?", "/RE/",
"m/RE/", "s/RE/foo/",, Interpolation of regular
expressions, Optimization of regular expressions
I/O Operators
Constant Folding
Bitwise String Operators
Integer Arithmetic
Floating-point Arithmetic
Bigger Numbers
perlsub - Perl subroutines
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Private Variables via my()
Persistent Private Variables
Temporary Values via local()
Lvalue subroutines
Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
When to Still Use local()
Pass by Reference
Prototypes
Constant Functions
Overriding Built-in Functions
Autoloading
Subroutine Attributes
SEE ALSO
perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
DESCRIPTION
Perl Functions by Category
Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expres
sions and pattern matching, Numeric functions,
Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list
data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output
functions, Functions for fixed length data or
records, Functions for filehandles, files, or
directories, Keywords related to the control flow
of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping,
Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes
and process groups, Keywords related to perl mod
ules, Keywords related to classes and object-ori
entedness, Low-level socket functions, System V
interprocess communication functions, Fetching
user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-
related functions, Functions new in perl5, Func
tions obsoleted in perl5
Portability
Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept
NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm,
atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE,
DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASS
NAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR,
chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp,
chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr
NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILE
HANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect
SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do
EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE,
eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp
EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHAN
DLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp
PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetby
name NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, get
grgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getpro
tobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getp
went, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getpro
toent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent
STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAY
OPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPT
NAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUB
STR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int,
ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST,
keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc
EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR,
length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUE
SIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock, log EXPR,
log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map
BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd
ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next
LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord,
our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY,
pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print
LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push
ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/,
qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHAN
DLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHAN
DLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline
EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv
SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref
EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VER
SION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex
STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select
RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEM
NUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop
KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send
SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPT
NAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl
ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread
ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE,
shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR,
sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socket
pair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort
SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice
ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFF
SET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY,
split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt
EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE,
stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFF
SET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,
substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,
sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHAN
DLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSI
TION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST,
syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHAN
DLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHAN
DLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE,
time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH,
truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef,
unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie
VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION
LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use
Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec
EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantar
ray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR,
write, y///
perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
DESCRIPTION
Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
The Solution
Syntax
Making References
Using References
An Example
Arrow Rule
Solution
The Rest
Summary
Credits
Distribution Conditions
perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
DESCRIPTION
arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes,
hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs
REFERENCES
COMMON MISTAKES
CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS ""use strict""
DEBUGGING
CODE EXAMPLES
ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
HASHES OF ARRAYS
Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
ARRAYS OF HASHES
Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
HASHES OF HASHES
Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
Database Ties
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
DESCRIPTION
The Guide
Simple word matching
Using character classes
Matching this or that
Grouping things and hierarchical matching
Extracting matches
Matching repetitions
More matching
Search and replace
The split operator
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
Acknowledgments
perlpod - plain old documentation
DESCRIPTION
Verbatim Paragraph
Command Paragraph
Ordinary Block of Text
The Intent
Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
Common Pod Pitfalls
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perlstyle - Perl style guide
DESCRIPTION
perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
DESCRIPTION
Awk Traps
C Traps
Sed Traps
Shell Traps
Perl Traps
Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps,
Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type
traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps
using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting
Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinu
ance, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Dis
continuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinu
ance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
Parsing Traps
Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
Numerical Traps
Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string
ops
General data type traps
(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs),
(Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable
Suicide)
Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
(list context), (scalar context), (scalar con
text), (list, builtin)
Precedence Traps
Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
Precedence, Precedence, Precedence
General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expres
sion, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Reg
ular Expression
Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you
specify a filehandle
OS Traps
(SysV), (SysV)
Interpolation Traps
Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
DBM Traps
DBM, DBM
Unclassified Traps
"require"/"do" trap using returned value, "split"
on empty string with LIMIT specified
perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
#! and quoting on non-Unix systems
OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
Location of Perl
Command Switches
-0[digits], -a, -C, -c, -d, -d:foo[=bar,baz],
-Dletters, -Dnumber, -e commandline, -Fpattern,
-h, -i[extension], -Idirectory, -l[octnum],
-m[-]module, -M[-]module, -M[-]'module ...',
-[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]..., -n, -p, -P, -s, -S,
-T, -u, -U, -v, -V, -V:name, -w, -W, -X, -x direc_
tory
ENVIRONMENT
HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB,
PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port),
PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ROOT
(specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the
VMS port)
perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
DESCRIPTION
perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
DESCRIPTION
Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
What's wrong with -w and ""$^W""
Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
-w, -W, -X
Backward Compatibility
Category Hierarchy
Fatal Warnings
Reporting Warnings from a Module
TODO
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
DESCRIPTION
use strict
Looking at data and -w and w
help
Stepping through code
Placeholder for a, w, t, T
REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
OUTPUT TIPS
CGI
GUIs
SUMMARY
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
CONTRIBUTORS
perldebug - Perl debugging
DESCRIPTION
The Perl Debugger
Debugger Commands
h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X
[vars], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c
[line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pat
tern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b [line] [con
dition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d
[line], D, a [line] command, a [line], A, W expr,
W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, >
?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd,
H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m
expr, man [manpage]
Configurable Options
"recallCommand", "ShellBang", "pager", "tkRun
ning", "signalLevel", "warnLevel", "dieLevel",
"AutoTrace", "LineInfo", "inhibit_exit", "Print
Ret", "ornaments", "frame", "maxTraceLen", "array
Depth", "hashDepth", "compactDump", "veryCompact",
"globPrint", "DumpDBFiles", "DumpPackages",
"DumpReused", "quote", "HighBit", "undefPrint",
"UsageOnly", "TTY", "noTTY", "ReadLine", "NonStop"
Debugger input/output
Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line
Listing Format, Frame listing
Debugging compile-time statements
Debugger Customization
Readline Support
Editor Support for Debugging
The Perl Profiler
Debugging regular expressions
Debugging memory usage
SEE ALSO
BUGS
perlvar - Perl predefined variables
DESCRIPTION
Predefined Names
$ARG, $_, $<digits>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`,
$POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+,
@LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER,
$NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE
EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separa
tor HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS,
$,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUT
PUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR,
$", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUM
BER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FOR
MAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE
EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
@-, "$`" is the same as "substr($var, 0, $-[0])",
"$&" is the same as "substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] -
$-[0])", "$'" is the same as "substr($var,
$+[0])", "$1" is the same as "substr($var, $-[1],
$+[1] - $-[1])", "$2" is the same as "substr($var,
$-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])", "$3" is the same as "sub
str $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])", format_name HAN
DLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE
EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, for
mat_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FOR
MAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed
HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR,
$^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!,
$EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PRO
CESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID,
$GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PRO
GRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUG
GING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H,
$INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB,
$^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40,
0x80, 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T,
$PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARN
ING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXE
CUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
%ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
Error Indicators
Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
BUGS
perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
DESCRIPTION
Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
Growing Your Own
Access and Printing
Slices
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
DESCRIPTION
Open A la shell
Simple Opens
Pipe Opens
The Minus File
Mixing Reads and Writes
Filters
Open A la C
Permissions A la mode
Obscure Open Tricks
Re-Opening Files (dups)
Dispelling the Dweomer
Paths as Opens
Single Argument Open
Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
Other I/O Issues
Opening Non-File Files
Binary Files
File Locking
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
HISTORY
perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
DESCRIPTION
Part 1: The basics
Simple word matching
Using character classes
Matching this or that
Grouping things and hierarchical matching
Extracting matches
Matching repetitions
Building a regexp
Using regular expressions in Perl
Part 2: Power tools
More on characters, strings, and character classes
Compiling and saving regular expressions
Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expres
sion
Non-capturing groupings
Looking ahead and looking behind
Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtrack
ing
Conditional expressions
A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular
expression
Pragmas and debugging
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
Acknowledgments
perlre - Perl regular expressions
DESCRIPTION
i, m, s, x
Regular Expressions
cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
Extended Patterns
"(?#text)", "(?imsx-imsx)", "(?:pattern)",
"(?imsx-imsx:pattern)", "(?=pattern)", "(?!pat
tern)", "(?<=pattern)", "(?<!pattern)", "(?{ code
})", "(??{ code })", "(?>pattern)", "(?(condi
tion)yes-pattern|no-pattern)", "(?(condi
tion)yes-pattern)"
Backtracking
Version 8 Regular Expressions
Warning on \1 vs $1
Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
Combining pieces together
"ST", "S|T", "S{REPEAT_COUNT}", "S{min,max}",
"S{min,max}?", "S?", "S*", "S+", "S??", "S*?",
"S+?", "(?>S)", "(?=S)", "(?<=S)", "(?!S)",
"(?<!S)", "(??{ EXPR })", "(?(condition)yes-pat
tern|no-pattern)"
Creating custom RE engines
BUGS
SEE ALSO
perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
NOTE
DESCRIPTION
Making References
Using References
Symbolic references
Not-so-symbolic references
Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
Function Templates
WARNING
SEE ALSO
perlform - Perl formats
DESCRIPTION
Format Variables
NOTES
Footers
Accessing Formatting Internals
WARNINGS
perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
DESCRIPTION
If we could talk to the animals...
Introducing the method invocation arrow
Invoking a barnyard
The extra parameter of method invocation
Calling a second method to simplify things
Inheriting the windpipes
A few notes about @ISA
Overriding the methods
Starting the search from a different place
The SUPER way of doing things
Where we're at so far...
A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
Invoking an instance method
Accessing the instance data
How to build a horse
Inheriting the constructor
Making a method work with either classes or instances
Adding parameters to a method
More interesting instances
A horse of a different color
Summary
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT
perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
DESCRIPTION
Creating a Class
Object Representation
Class Interface
Constructors and Instance Methods
Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
Destructors
Other Object Methods
Class Data
Accessing Class Data
Debugging Methods
Class Destructors
Documenting the Interface
Aggregation
Inheritance
Overridden Methods
Multiple Inheritance
UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
Alternate Object Representations
Arrays as Objects
Closures as Objects
AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
Autoloaded Data Methods
Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
Metaclassical Tools
Class::Struct
Data Members as Variables
NOTES
Object Terminology
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
COPYRIGHT
Acknowledgments
perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
DESCRIPTION
Class Data in a Can
Class Data as Package Variables
Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
Inheritance Concerns
The Eponymous Meta-Object
Indirect References to Class Data
Monadic Classes
Translucent Attributes
Class Data as Lexical Variables
Privacy and Responsibility
File-Scoped Lexicals
More Inheritance Concerns
Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
Translucency Revisited
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
HISTORY
perlobj - Perl objects
DESCRIPTION
An Object is Simply a Reference
A Class is Simply a Package
A Method is Simply a Subroutine
Method Invocation
WARNING
Default UNIVERSAL methods
isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
Destructors
Summary
Two-Phased Garbage Collection
SEE ALSO
perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
DESCRIPTION
OO SCALING TIPS
INSTANCE VARIABLES
SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
THINKING OF CODE REUSE
CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
DELEGATION
perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Tying Scalars
TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this,
value, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
Tying Arrays
TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE
this, index, value, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE
this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key,
DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP
this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this,
offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
Tying Hashes
USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname,
LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value,
DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key,
FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this,
DESTROY this
Tying FileHandles
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT
this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST,
READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
DESTROY this
UNTIE this
The ""untie"" Gotcha
SEE ALSO
BUGS
AUTHOR
perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos,
pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
DESCRIPTION
Signals
Named Pipes
WARNING
Using open() for IPC
Filehandles
Background Processes
Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
Safe Pipe Opens
Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
Sockets: Client/Server Communication
Internet Line Terminators
Internet TCP Clients and Servers
Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
TCP Clients with IO::Socket
A Simple Client
"Proto", "PeerAddr", "PeerPort"
A Webget Client
Interactive Client with IO::Socket
TCP Servers with IO::Socket
Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
UDP: Message Passing
SysV IPC
NOTES
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject
to change)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-pro
cesses
$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other
builtins that accept filenames, wait() and wait_
pid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
files, directories and network sockets
Resource limits
Killing the parent process
Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe
open() not yet implemented, Global state main
tained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
application, Thread-safety of extensions
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations
in Perl
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Storing numbers
Numeric operators and numeric conversions
Flavors of Perl numeric operations
Arithmetic operators except, "no integer", Arithmetic
operators except, "use integer", Bitwise operators,
"no integer", Bitwise operators, "use integer", Opera
tors which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
string
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
DESCRIPTION
What Is A Thread Anyway?
Threaded Program Models
Boss/Worker
Work Crew
Pipeline
Native threads
What kind of threads are perl threads?
Threadsafe Modules
Thread Basics
Basic Thread Support
Creating Threads
Giving up control
Waiting For A Thread To Exit
Errors In Threads
Ignoring A Thread
Threads And Data
Shared And Unshared Data
Thread Pitfall: Races
Controlling access: lock()
Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
Queues: Passing Data Around
Threads And Code
Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
Subroutine Locks
Methods
Locking A Subroutine
General Thread Utility Routines
What Thread Am I In?
Thread IDs
Are These Threads The Same?
What Threads Are Running?
A Complete Example
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introductory Texts
OS-Related References
Other References
Acknowledgements
AUTHOR
Copyrights
perlport - Writing portable Perl
DESCRIPTION
Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all
of Perl already is portable
ISSUES
Newlines
Numbers endianness and Width
Files and Filesystems
System Interaction
Interprocess Communication (IPC)
External Subroutines (XS)
Standard Modules
Time and Date
Character sets and character encoding
Internationalisation
System Resources
Security
Style
CPAN Testers
Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
http://testers.cpan.org/
PLATFORMS
Unix
DOS and Derivatives
Mac OS
VMS
VOS
EBCDIC Platforms
Acorn RISC OS
Other perls
FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, alarm SECONDS, alarm,
binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot
FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose
HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID,
getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getpro
tobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getp
went, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getpro
toent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent
STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAY
OPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL,
LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE,
lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS,
semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsock
opt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl
ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread
ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE,
socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLD
FILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHAN
DLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, trun
cate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH,
umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid
PID,FLAGS
CHANGES
v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46,
12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19
July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999,
v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11
February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19
December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13
August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August
1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
Supported Platforms
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
VERSION
perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization
and localization)
DESCRIPTION
PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
USING LOCALES
The use locale pragma
The setlocale function
Finding locales
LOCALE PROBLEMS
Temporarily fixing locale problems
Permanently fixing locale problems
Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
Fixing system locale configuration
The localeconv function
LOCALE CATEGORIES
Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
LC_TIME
Other categories
SECURITY
ENVIRONMENT
PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE,
LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
NOTES
Backward compatibility
I18N:Collate obsolete
Sort speed and memory use impacts
write() and LC_NUMERIC
Freely available locale definitions
I18n and l10n
An imperfect standard
BUGS
Broken systems
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, sub
ject to change)
DESCRIPTION
Important Caveat
Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions,
"use utf8" still needed to enable a few features
Byte and Character semantics
Effects of character semantics
Character encodings for input and output
CAVEATS
SEE ALSO
perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC
platforms
DESCRIPTION
COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
ASCII
ISO 8859
Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
EBCDIC
13 variant characters
0037
1047
POSIX-BC
SINGLE OCTET TABLES
recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4
IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
CONVERSIONS
tr///
iconv
C RTL
OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(),
sprintf(), unpack()
REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
SOCKETS
SORTING
Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
MONO CASE then sort data.
Convert, sort data, then re convert.
Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
TRANFORMATION FORMATS
URL decoding and encoding
uu encoding and decoding
Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
Caesarian cyphers
Hashing order and checksums
I18N AND L10N
MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
OS ISSUES
OS/400
IFS access
OS/390
chcp, dataset access, OS/390 iconv, locales
VM/ESA?
POSIX-BC?
BUGS
SEE ALSO
REFERENCES
AUTHOR
perlsec - Perl security
DESCRIPTION
Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
Switches On the ""#!"" Line
Cleaning Up Your Path
Security Bugs
Protecting Your Programs
SEE ALSO
perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
DESCRIPTION
Packages
Symbol Tables
Package Constructors and Destructors
Perl Classes
Perl Modules
SEE ALSO
perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding
existing ones
DESCRIPTION
THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
Pragmatic Modules
attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes,
charnames, constant, diagnostics, fields,
filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops,
overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars,
warnings, warnings::register
Standard Modules
AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler,
B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI,
CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast,
CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp,
Carp::Heavy, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File,
Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, English,
Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command,
ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtU
tils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtU
tils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtU
tils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtU
tils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtU
tils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtU
tils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtU
tils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy,
File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec,
File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2,
File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, File
Cache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO,
IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Big
Int, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Net::Ping,
Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent,
Net::servent, O, Opcode, POSIX, Pod::Checker,
Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils,
Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text,
Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
Socket, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Har
ness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords,
Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal,
Thread::Specific, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::Sub
strHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::local
time, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent,
User::pwent, Win32
Extension Modules
CPAN
Africa
Asia
Central America
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
Guidelines for Module Creation
Adding a Copyright Notice
Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into
Modules
Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
NOTE
perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
DESCRIPTION
PREAMBLE
DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a direc
tory, BUILD the module (sometimes unnecessary),
INSTALL the module
PORTABILITY
HEY
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
DESCRIPTION
Warning
What should I make into a module?
Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need,
Choose a name, Check again
Step-by-step: Making the module
Start with h2xs, Use strict and warnings, Use
Carp, Use Exporter - wisely!, Use plain old docu
mentation, Write tests, Write the README
Step-by-step: Distributing your module
Get a CPAN user ID, "perl Makefile.PL; make test;
make dist", Upload the tarball, Announce to the
modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23
$, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
DESCRIPTION
What is Perl?
Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
Which version of Perl should I use?
What are perl4 and perl5?
What is perl6?
How stable is Perl?
Is Perl difficult to learn?
How does Perl compare with other languages like Java,
Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?
Can I do [task] in Perl?
When shouldn't I program in Perl?
What's the difference between ""perl"" and ""Perl""?
Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
What is a JAPH?
Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to
use version 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other lan
guage?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision:
1.32 $, $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
DESCRIPTION
What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
How can I get a binary version of Perl?
I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I
compile perl?
I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another,
but scripts don't work.
I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but
gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How
do I make it work?
What modules and extensions are available for Perl?
What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?
Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
Where can I get information on Perl?
What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I
post questions?
Where should I post source code?
Perl Books
References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Top
ics
Perl in Magazines
Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
What mailing lists are there for Perl?
Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
Where do I send bug reports?
What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date:
1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
DESCRIPTION
How do I do (anything)?
How can I use Perl interactively?
Is there a Perl shell?
How do I debug my Perl programs?
How do I profile my Perl programs?
How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
Is there a ctags for Perl?
Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
CodeMagicCD, Komodo, The Object System, Perl
Builder, Perl code magic, visiPerl+, GNU Emacs,
MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit
and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
How can I use curses with Perl?
How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or
Tk?
What is undump?
How can I make my Perl program run faster?
How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
How can I compile Perl into Java?
How can I get ""#!perl"" to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS sys
tem?
Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in
Perl?
Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl program
ming?
Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs,
xsubpp]
I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed
perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong?
When I tried to run my script, I got this message.
What does it mean?
What's MakeMaker?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date:
1999/05/23 20:37:49 $)
DESCRIPTION
Data: Numbers
Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999)
instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg,
19.95)?
Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil()
and floor()? Trig functions?
How do I convert bits into ints?
Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
How do I multiply matrices?
How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
How can I output Roman numerals?
Why aren't my random numbers random?
Data: Dates
How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
How do I find the current century or millennium?
How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
How can I take a string and turn it into epoch sec
onds?
How can I find the Julian Day?
How do I find yesterday's date?
Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K com
pliant?
Data: Strings
How do I validate input?
How do I unescape a string?
How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
How do I expand function calls in a string?
How do I find matching/nesting anything?
How do I reverse a string?
How do I expand tabs in a string?
How do I reformat a paragraph?
How can I access/change the first N letters of a
string?
How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
How can I count the number of occurrences of a sub
string within a string?
How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
How can I split a [character] delimited string except
when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files)
How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a
string?
How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with
zeroes?
How do I extract selected columns from a string?
How do I find the soundex value of a string?
How can I expand variables in text strings?
What's wrong with always quoting ""$vars""?
Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
1. There must be no space after the << part, 2.
There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end,
3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
the tag
Data: Arrays
What is the difference between a list and an array?
What is the difference between $array[1] and
@array[1]?
How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or
array?
a), b), c), d), e)
How can I tell whether a list or array contains a cer
tain element?
How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do
I compute the intersection of two arrays?
How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
How do I find the first array element for which a con
dition is true?
How do I handle linked lists?
How do I handle circular lists?
How do I shuffle an array randomly?
How do I process/modify each element of an array?
How do I select a random element from an array?
How do I permute N elements of a list?
How do I sort an array by (anything)?
How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and
hashes?
Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
How do I process an entire hash?
What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while
iterating over it?
How do I look up a hash element by value?
How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of
key)?
How can I always keep my hash sorted?
What's the difference between ""delete"" and ""undef""
with hashes?
Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists dis
tinction?
How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM
file?
How can I make my hash remember the order I put ele
ments into it?
Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in
a hash create it?
How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C
structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?
How can I use a reference as a hash key?
Data: Misc
How do I handle binary data correctly?
How do I determine whether a scalar is a num
ber/whole/integer/float?
How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
How do I define methods for every class/object?
How do I verify a credit card checksum?
How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date:
1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
DESCRIPTION
How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why
must I do this?
How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a
file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to
the beginning of a file?
How do I count the number of lines in a file?
How do I make a temporary file name?
How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How
do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I
make an array of filehandles?
How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
How can I set up a footer format to be used with
write()?
How can I write() into a string?
How can I output my numbers with commas added?
How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it
out?
Why do I sometimes get an ""Argument list too long""
when I use <*>?
Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
How can I open a file with a leading "">"" or trailing
blanks?
How can I reliably rename a file?
How can I lock a file?
Why can't I just open(FH, "">file.lock"")?
I still don't get locking. I just want to increment
the number in the file. How can I do this?
How do I randomly update a binary file?
How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
How do I print to more than one file at once?
How can I read in an entire file all at once?
How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
How can I read a single character from a file? From
the keyboard?
How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on
a filehandle?
How do I do a ""tail -f"" in perl?
How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
How do I close a file descriptor by number?
Why can't I use ""C:\temp\foo"" in DOS paths? What
doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
Why doesn't glob(""*.*"") get all the files?
Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does
""-i"" clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in
Perl?
How do I select a random line from a file?
Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of
lines?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
16:08:30 $)
DESCRIPTION
How can I hope to use regular expressions without cre
ating illegible and unmaintainable code?
Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the
Regex, Different Delimiters
I'm having trouble matching over more than one line.
What's wrong?
How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are
themselves on different lines?
I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work.
What's wrong?
How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS
while preserving case on the RHS?
How can I make ""\w"" match national character sets?
How can I match a locale-smart version of
""/[a-zA-Z]/""?
How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
What is ""/o"" really for?
How do I use a regular expression to strip C style
comments from a file?
Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced
text?
What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I
get around it?
How do I process each word on each line?
How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency
summary?
How can I do approximate matching?
How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at
once?
Why don't word-boundary searches with ""\b"" work for
me?
Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
What good is ""\G"" in a regular expression?
Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compli
ant?
What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
DESCRIPTION
Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do
I know when to use them?
Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use
semicolons and commas?
How do I skip some return values?
How do I temporarily block warnings?
What's an extension?
Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C
operators?
How do I declare/create a structure?
How do I create a module?
How do I create a class?
How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
What's a closure?
What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array,
Hash, Method, Regex}?
Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehan
dles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods
How do I create a static variable?
What's the difference between dynamic and lexical
(static) scoping? Between local() and my()?
How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly
named lexical is in scope?
What's the difference between deep and shallow bind
ing?
Why doesn't ""my($foo) = <FILE>;"" work right?
How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or
method?
What's the difference between calling a function as
&foo and foo()?
How do I create a switch or case statement?
How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/func
tions/methods?
Why can't a method included in this same file be
found?
How can I find out my current package?
How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
How do I clear a package?
How can I use a variable as a variable name?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date:
1999/05/23 18:37:57 $)
DESCRIPTION
How do I find out which operating system I'm running
under?
How come exec() doesn't return?
How do I do fancy stuff with the key
board/screen/mouse?
Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
How do I print something out in color?
How do I read just one key without waiting for a
return key?
How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
How do I clear the screen?
How do I get the screen size?
How do I ask the user for a password?
How do I read and write the serial port?
lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing out
put, non-blocking input
How do I decode encrypted password files?
How do I start a process in the background?
STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals,
Zombies
How do I trap control characters/signals?
How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix
system?
How do I set the time and date?
How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
How can I measure time under a second?
How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()?
(Exception handling)
Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V
(Solaris)? What does the error message ""Protocol not
supported"" mean?
How can I call my system's unique C functions from
Perl?
Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or
syscall()?
Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel prob
lems?
How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open
fails?
What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
How can I call backticks without shell processing?
Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it
EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?
How can I convert my shell script to perl?
Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
How can I write expect in Perl?
Is there a way to hide perl's command line from pro
grams such as ""ps""?
I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a
perl script. How come the change disappeared when I
exited the script? How do I get my changes to be vis
ible?
Unix
How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting
for it to complete?
How do I fork a daemon process?
How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
How do I timeout a slow event?
How do I set CPU limits?
How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
How do I use an SQL database?
How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
How do I open a file without blocking?
How do I install a module from CPAN?
What's the difference between require and use?
How do I keep my own module/library directory?
How do I add the directory my program lives in to the
module/library search path?
How do I add a directory to my include path at run
time?
What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date:
1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
DESCRIPTION
My CGI script runs from the command line but not the
browser. (500 Server Error)
How can I get better error messages from a CGI pro
gram?
How do I remove HTML from a string?
How do I extract URLs?
How do I download a file from the user's machine? How
do I open a file on another machine?
How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
How do I fetch an HTML file?
How do I automate an HTML form submission?
How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the
web?
How do I redirect to another page?
How do I put a password on my web pages?
How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with
Perl?
How do I make sure users can't enter values into a
form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?
How do I parse a mail header?
How do I decode a CGI form?
How do I check a valid mail address?
How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
How do I return the user's mail address?
How do I send mail?
How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail mes
sage?
How do I read mail?
How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
How do I fetch a news article or the active news
groups?
How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
How can I do RPC in Perl?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
DESCRIPTION
Layout
B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse,
B::Xref
Using The Back Ends
The Cross Referencing Back End
i, &, s, r
The Decompiling Back End
The Lint Back End
The Simple C Back End
The Bytecode Back End
The Optimized C Back End
B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse,
B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
KNOWN PROBLEMS
AUTHOR
perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
DESCRIPTION
PREAMBLE
Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?,
Use Perl from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from
C?
ROADMAP
Compiling your C program
Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from
your C program
Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
Maintaining a persistent interpreter
Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries,
from your C program
Embedding Perl under Win32
MORAL
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
DESCRIPTION
Debugger Internals
Writing Your Own Debugger
Frame Listing Output Examples
Debugging regular expressions
Compile-time output
"anchored" STRING "at" POS, "floating" STRING "at"
POS1..POS2, "matching floating/anchored",
"minlen", "stclass" TYPE, "noscan", "isall",
"GPOS", "plus", "implicit", "with eval",
"anchored(TYPE)"
Types of nodes
Run-time output
Debugging Perl memory usage
Using ""$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}""
"buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)",
Free/Used, "Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINU
OUS", "pad: 0", "heads: 2192", "chain: 0", "tail:
6144"
Example of using -DL switch
"717", "002", "054", "602", "702", "704"
-DL details
"!!!", "!!", "!"
Limitations of -DL statistics
SEE ALSO
perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
DESCRIPTION
SPECIAL NOTES
make
Version caveat
Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
TUTORIAL
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
What has gone on?
Writing good test scripts
EXAMPLE 3
What's new here?
Input and Output Parameters
The XSUBPP Program
The TYPEMAP file
Warning about Output Arguments
EXAMPLE 4
What has happened here?
Anatomy of .xs file
Getting the fat out of XSUBs
More about XSUB arguments
The Argument Stack
Extending your Extension
Documenting your Extension
Installing your Extension
EXAMPLE 5
New Things in this Example
EXAMPLE 6
New Things in this Example
EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
Troubleshooting these Examples
See also
Author
Last Changed
perlxs - XS language reference manual
DESCRIPTION
Introduction
On The Road
The Anatomy of an XSUB
The Argument Stack
The RETVAL Variable
The MODULE Keyword
The PACKAGE Keyword
The PREFIX Keyword
The OUTPUT: Keyword
The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
The CODE: Keyword
The INIT: Keyword
The NO_INIT Keyword
Initializing Function Parameters
Default Parameter Values
The PREINIT: Keyword
The SCOPE: Keyword
The INPUT: Keyword
The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
Variable-length Parameter Lists
The C_ARGS: Keyword
The PPCODE: Keyword
Returning Undef And Empty Lists
The REQUIRE: Keyword
The CLEANUP: Keyword
The POST_CALL: Keyword
The BOOT: Keyword
The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
The ALIAS: Keyword
The INTERFACE: Keyword
The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
The INCLUDE: Keyword
The CASE: Keyword
The & Unary Operator
Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
Using XS With C++
Interface Strategy
Perl Objects And C Structures
The Typemap
EXAMPLES
XS VERSION
AUTHOR
perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library
functions
DESCRIPTION
Conventions
"t", "p", "n", "s"
File Operations
File Input and Output
File Positioning
Memory Management and String Handling
Character Class Tests
stdlib.h functions
Miscellaneous functions
SEE ALSO
perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
DESCRIPTION
Variables
Datatypes
What is an ""IV""?
Working with SVs
Offsets
What's Really Stored in an SV?
Working with AVs
Working with HVs
Hash API Extensions
References
Blessed References and Class Objects
Creating New Variables
Reference Counts and Mortality
Stashes and Globs
Double-Typed SVs
Magic Variables
Assigning Magic
Magic Virtual Tables
Finding Magic
Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
Localizing changes
"SAVEINT(int i)", "SAVEIV(IV i)", "SAVEI32(I32
i)", "SAVELONG(long i)", "SAVESPTR(s)",
"SAVEPPTR(p)", "SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)", "SAVEMORTAL
IZESV(SV *sv)", "SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)", "SAVE
FREEPV(p)", "SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)", "SAVEDELETE(HV
*hv, char *key, I32 length)", "SAVEDESTRUC
TOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)",
"SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)",
"SAVESTACK_POS()", "SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)", "AV*
save_ary(GV *gv)", "HV* save_hash(GV *gv)", "void
save_item(SV *item)", "void save_list(SV **sarg,
I32 maxsarg)", "SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)", "void
save_aptr(AV **aptr)", "void save_hptr(HV **hptr)"
Subroutines
XSUBs and the Argument Stack
Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
Memory Allocation
PerlIO
Putting a C value on Perl stack
Scratchpads
Scratchpads and recursion
Compiled code
Code tree
Examining the tree
Compile pass 1: check routines
Compile pass 1a: constant folding
Compile pass 2: context propagation
Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
Examining internal data structures with the ""dump"" func
tions
How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
So what happened to dTHR?
How do I use all this in extensions?
Should I do anything special if I call perl from mul
tiple threads?
Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
Internal Functions
A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
Source Documentation
Unicode Support
What is Unicode, anyway?
How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
How do I convert a string to UTF8?
Is there anything else I need to know?
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
DESCRIPTION
An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
FLAG VALUES
G_VOID
G_SCALAR
G_ARRAY
G_DISCARD
G_NOARGS
G_EVAL
G_KEEPERR
Determining the Context
KNOWN PROBLEMS
EXAMPLES
No Parameters, Nothing returned
Passing Parameters
Returning a Scalar
Returning a list of values
Returning a list in a scalar context
Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
Using G_EVAL
Using G_KEEPERR
Using call_sv
Using call_argv
Using call_method
Using GIMME_V
Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2.
Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit,
3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback
Alternate Stack Manipulation
Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
DATE
perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
DESCRIPTION
DOCUMENTATION
perldoc, pod2man and pod2text, pod2html and
pod2latex, pod2usage, podselect, podchecker,
splain, roffitall
CONVERTORS
a2p, s2p, find2perl
Development
perlbug, h2ph, c2ph and pstruct, h2xs, dprofpp,
perlcc
SEE ALSO
perlfilter - Source Filters
DESCRIPTION
CONCEPTS
USING FILTERS
WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
Decryption Filters
CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
CONCLUSION
REQUIREMENTS
AUTHOR
Copyrights
perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
filter_store_key, filter_store_value, fil
ter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value
The Filter
An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
Another Example -- Key is a C int.
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public
API
DESCRIPTION
AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend,
av_fetch, av_fill, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv,
call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak,
CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile,
fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv,
GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv,
G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR,
G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeS
VKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME,
hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit,
hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent,
hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items, ix,
LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical,
mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV,
newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv,
newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch,
Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc,
perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse,
perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef,
PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, PUSH
MARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew,
Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE,
strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR,
SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp,
SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only,
SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK,
SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK,
SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen,
SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV,
SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED,
SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE,
SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV,
SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on,
SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_cat
pvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg,
sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear,
sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq,
sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa,
sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortal
copy, sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force,
sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv,
sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_set
pvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_set
pvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv,
sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv,
sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_true,
sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS,
toLOWER, toUPPER, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uv,
utf8_to_uv_simple, uv_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn,
XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY,
XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV,
XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO,
XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION,
XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely inter
nal Perl functions
DESCRIPTION
is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub,
PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
PerlIO *, PerlIO_stdin(), PerlIO_stdout(), Per_
lIO_stderr(), PerlIO_open(path, mode), Per
lIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...), Per
lIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...), Per
lIO_read(f,buf,count), PerlIO_write(f,buf,count), Per_
lIO_close(f), PerlIO_puts(f,s), PerlIO_putc(f,c), Per
lIO_ungetc(f,c), PerlIO_getc(f), PerlIO_eof(f), Per_
lIO_error(f), PerlIO_fileno(f), PerlIO_clearerr(f),
PerlIO_flush(f), PerlIO_tell(f), PerlIO_seek(f,o,w),
PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p), Per_
lIO_rewind(f), PerlIO_tmpfile()
Co-existence with stdio
PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags), PerlIO_export
FILE(f,flags), PerlIO_findFILE(f), PerlIO_release
FILE(p,f), PerlIO_setlinebuf(f), Per_
lIO_has_cntptr(f), PerlIO_get_ptr(f), Per_
lIO_get_cnt(f), PerlIO_canset_cnt(f), Per_
lIO_fast_gets(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c), Per
lIO_set_cnt(f,c), PerlIO_has_base(f), Per_
lIO_get_base(f), PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)
perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
DESCRIPTION
Infrastructure
Mailing list archives
Bug tracking system
Regression Tests
Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25%
slowdown from perl4 to perl5
Configure
Install HTML
Perl Language
64-bit Perl
Prototypes
Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls,
Context, Scoped subs
Perl Internals
magic_setisa
Garbage Collection
Reliable signals
Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out
how to die() in delayed sighandler, Add tests for
Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN
Interpolated regex performance bugs
Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp
Make XS easier to use
Make embedded Perl easier to use
Namespace cleanup
MULTIPLICITY
MacPerl
Documentation
A clear division into tutorial and reference
Remove the artificial distinction between operators
and functions
More tutorials
Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging
Include a search tool
Include a locate tool
Separate function manpages by default
Users can't find the manpages
Install ALL Documentation
Outstanding issues to be documented
Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl
Replace man with a perl program
Unicode tutorial
Modules
Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX
1003.1 Edition 2
Module versions
New modules
Profiler
Tie Modules
VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice
Procedural options
RPC
y2k localtime/gmtime
Export File::Find variables
Ioctl
Debugger attach/detach
Regular Expression debugger
Alternative RE Syntax
Bundled modules
Expect
GUI::Native
Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc.
pod2html
Podchecker
Tom's Wishes
Webperl
Mobile agents
POSIX on non-POSIX
Portable installations
Win32 Stuff
Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest
Sort out the spawnvp() mess
Work out DLL versioning
Style-check
Would be nice to have
"pack "(stuff)*"", Contiguous bitfields in
pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled perl preprocessor, Use
posix calls internally where possible, format BOTTOM,
-i rename file only when successfully changed, All
ARGV input should act like <>, report HANDLE [for
mats], support in perlmain to rerun debugger, lvalue
functions
Possible pragmas
'less'
Optimizations
constant function cache
foreach(reverse...)
Cache eval tree
rcatmaybe
Shrink opcode tables
Cache hash value
Optimize away @_ where possible
Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b }
Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimiza
tion
Vague possibilities
ref function in list context, make tr/// return his
togram in list context?, Loop control on do{} et al,
Explicit switch statements, compile to real threaded
code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al
To Do Or Not To Do
Making my() work on ""package"" variables
""or"" testing defined not truth
""dynamic"" lexicals
""class""-based, rather than package-based ""lexi
cals""
Threading
Modules
Testing
$AUTOLOAD
exit/die
External threads
Thread::Pool
thread-safety
Per-thread GVs
Compiler
Optimization
Byteperl
Precompiled modules
Executables
Typed lexicals
Win32
END blocks
_AUTOLOAD
comppadlist
Cached compilation
Recently Finished Tasks
Figure a way out of $^(capital letter)
Filenames
Foreign lines
Namespace cleanup
ISA.pm
gettimeofday
autocroak?
perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
DESCRIPTION
Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where
is the implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could
it be a module instead?, Is the feature generic
enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
it preclude other desirable features?, Is the imple
mentation robust?, Is the implementation generic
enough to be portable?, Is there enough documenta
tion?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create
too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
Keeping in sync
rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the
LAN, Using pushing over the NFS, rsync'ing the
patches
Why rsync the source tree
It's easier, It's more recent, It's more reliable
Why rsync the patches
It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a
start point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the
source of misbehaviour
Submitting patches
the perlguts manpage, the perlxstut manpage and
the perlxs manpage, the perlapi manpage, Port_
ing/pumpkin.pod, The perl5-porters FAQ
Finding Your Way Around
Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Inter
preter
Elements of the interpreter
Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
Internal Variable Types
Op Trees
Stacks
Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
Millions of Macros
Poking at Perl
Using a source-level debugger
run [args], break function_name, break
source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish,
'enter', print
Dumping Perl Data Structures
Patching
EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
Rational Software's Purify
Purify on Unix
-Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymal
loc, -Dusemultiplicity
Purify on NT
DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC =
define, CFG = Debug
CONCLUSION
The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door
where it began.
AUTHOR
perlhist - the Perl history records
DESCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION
THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
PUMPKIN?
THE RECORDS
SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
SELECTED PATCH SIZES
THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6
DESCRIPTION
Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
Security Issues
Core bug fixes
"UNIVERSAL::isa()", Memory leaks, Numeric conver
sions, qw(a\\b), caller(), Bugs in regular expres
sions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
references to special variables, Lexical warnings,
Spurious warnings and errors, glob(), Tainting,
sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
map(), Debugger, Locales, PERL5OPT, chop(), Uni
code support, 64-bit support, Compiler, Lvalue
subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, "no
Module;", Tests
Core features
Configuration issues
Documentation
Bundled modules
B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX,
Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN, Class::Struct,
DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long,
IO::Poll, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Com
plex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text,
SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Sub
strHash
Platform-specific improvements
NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
Lexically scoped warning categories
Unicode and UTF-8 support
Support for interpolating named characters
""our"" declarations
Support for strings represented as a vector of ordi
nals
Improved Perl version numbering system
New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
File and directory handles can be autovivified
open() with more than two arguments
64-bit support
Large file support
Long doubles
""more bits""
Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
""sort $coderef @foo"" allowed
File globbing implemented internally
Support for CHECK blocks
POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
Better pseudo-random number generator
Improved ""qw//"" operator
Better worst-case behavior of hashes
pack() format 'Z' supported
pack() format modifier '!' supported
pack() and unpack() support counted strings
Comments in pack() templates
Weak references
Binary numbers supported
Lvalue subroutines
Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
exists() is supported on subroutine names
exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
Pseudo-hashes work better
Automatic flushing of output buffers
Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle opera
tions
Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped
input filehandle
eof() has the same old magic as <>
binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
""-T"" filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as
""text""
system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec()
failure
Improved diagnostics
Diagnostics follow STDERR
More consistent close-on-exec behavior
syswrite() ease-of-use
Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
Bit operators support full native integer width
Improved security features
More functional bareword prototype (*)
""require"" and ""do"" may be overridden
$^X variables may now have names longer than one char
acter
New variable $^C reflects ""-c"" switch
New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
Optional Y2K warnings
Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted
strings
Modules and Pragmata
Modules
attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant,
charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File,
Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader,
English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find,
File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions,
Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser,
Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker,
Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podse
lect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and
Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM
Filters
Pragmata
Utility Changes
dprofpp
find2perl
h2xs
perlcc
perldoc
The Perl Debugger
Improved Documentation
perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbm
filter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perl
fork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlin
tern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopen
tut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod,
perlunicode.pod
Performance enhancements
Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are
optimized
Optimized assignments to lexical variables
Faster subroutine calls
delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are
faster
Installation and Configuration Improvements
-Dusethreads means something different
New Configure flags
Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
Long Doubles
-Dusemorebits
-Duselargefiles
installusrbinperl
SOCKS support
""-A"" flag
Enhanced Installation Directories
gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be
working
Platform specific changes
Supported platforms
DOS
OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
VMS
Win32
Significant bug fixes
<HANDLE> on empty files
""eval '...'"" improvements
All compilation errors are true errors
Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
Behavior of list slices is more consistent
""(\$)"" prototype and ""$foo{a}""
""goto &sub"" and AUTOLOAD
""-bareword"" allowed under ""use integer""
Failures in DESTROY()
Locale bugs fixed
Memory leaks
Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine
calls
Taint failures under ""-U""
END blocks and the ""-c"" switch
Potential to leak DATA filehandles
New or Changed Diagnostics
"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s,
"my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s rede
clared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take
a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be
followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric
type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through,
/%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as
"%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s
argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument
is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument
is not a subroutine name, %s package attribute may
clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s,
<> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword
found in conditional, Binary number >
0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit
vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in
prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script
"%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD,
forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine
call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s,
skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine,
Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:]
unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside
character classes, Constant is not %s reference, con
stant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword,
defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is dep
recated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data,
entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in
regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock()
on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff
non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-
formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary
digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number,
Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s,
invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator
character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator
character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving
effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not
implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open,
Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No
package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No
space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information;
assuming local time is UTC, Octal number >
037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic:
kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs,
Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible unin
tended interpolation of %s in string, Possible Y2K
bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME :
ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers,
Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack
overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Refer
ence is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments,
Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching
effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset
CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block,
Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent mes
sage to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c
passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in
attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Untermi
nated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute
list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a
constant number
New tests
Incompatible Changes
Perl Source Incompatibilities
CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices
of undef has changed, Format of
$English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of
the form "1.2.3" parse differently, Possibly
changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing
function for hash keys has changed, "undef" fails
on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set
on pipe and socket handles, Writing ""$$1"" to
mean ""${$}1"" is unsupported, delete(), each(),
values() and "\(%h)", vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS)
enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnos
tic output has changed, "%@" has been removed,
Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator,
Semantics of bareword prototype "(*)" have
changed, Semantics of bit operators may have
changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint
their results
C Source Incompatibilities
"PERL_POLLUTE", "PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT",
"PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC"
Compatible C Source API Changes
"PATCHLEVEL" is now "PERL_VERSION"
Binary Incompatibilities
Known Problems
Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
Known test failures
64-bit builds, Failure of Thread tests, NEXTSTEP
3.3 POSIX test failure, Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX,
aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc
EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
Arrow operator and arrays
Experimental features
Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subrou
tines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type,
The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of
file globbing, The DB module, The regular expres
sion code constructs:
Obsolete Diagnostics
Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future
extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in
prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
\@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too
big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is dep
recated
Reporting Bugs
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
DESCRIPTION
About the new versioning system
Incompatible Changes
WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with
Perl 5.004.
Default installation structure has changed
Perl Source Compatibility
C Source Compatibility
Binary Compatibility
Security fixes may affect compatibility
Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
Licensing
Core Changes
Threads
Compiler
Regular Expressions
Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug
fixes, New regular expression constructs, New
operator for precompiled regular expressions,
Other improvements, Incompatible changes
Improved malloc()
Quicksort is internally implemented
Reliable signals
Reliable stack pointers
More generous treatment of carriage returns
Memory leaks
Better support for multiple interpreters
Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now
well-defined
""%!"" is transparently tied to the the Errno manpage
module
Pseudo-hashes are supported
""EXPR foreach EXPR"" is supported
Keywords can be globally overridden
""$^E"" is meaningful on Win32
""foreach (1..1000000)"" optimized
""Foo::"" can be used as implicitly quoted package
name
""exists $Foo::{Bar::}"" tests existence of a package
Better locale support
Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
prototype() returns useful results on builtins
Extended support for exception handling
Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining
DESTROY() methods
All ""printf"" format conversions are handled inter
nally
New ""INIT"" keyword
New ""lock"" keyword
New ""qr//"" operator
""our"" is now a reserved word
Tied arrays are now fully supported
Tied handles support is better
4th argument to substr
Negative LENGTH argument to splice
Magic lvalues are now more magical
<> now reads in records
Supported Platforms
New Platforms
Changes in existing support
Modules and Pragmata
New Modules
B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec,
ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal,
IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Thread,
attrs, fields, re
Changes in existing modules
Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex,
Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
Utility Changes
Documentation Changes
New Diagnostics
Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such
or use &, Bad index while coercing array into hash,
Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't
call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce
array into hash, Can't goto subroutine from an eval-
string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, Can't use
%%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an
opnumber for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is
reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax
[: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions,
%s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression, %s:
Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: Eval-group
not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to ''
(assuming package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No
such array field, No such field "%s" in variable %s of
type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously large
request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recur
sive inheritance detected while looking for method
'%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized list
expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of
reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Set
ting locale failed
Obsolete Diagnostics
Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for -e: %s,
Cannot open temporary file, regexp too big
Configuration Changes
BUGS
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
DESCRIPTION
Supported Environments
Core Changes
List assignment to %ENV works
Change to ""Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC"" error
Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
$PERL5OPT environment variable
Limitations on -M, -m, and -T options
More precise warnings
Deprecated: Inherited ""AUTOLOAD"" for non-methods
Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
Subroutine arguments created only when they're modi
fied
Group vector changeable with ""$)""
Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
No resetting of $. on implicit close
""wantarray"" may return undef
""eval EXPR"" determines value of EXPR in scalar con
text
Changes to tainting checks
No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH,
$ENV, $BASH_ENV, No spawning if tainted $TERM
doesn't look like a terminal name
New Opcode module and revised Safe module
Embedding improvements
Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::*
classes
Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
New and changed syntax
$coderef->(PARAMS)
New and changed builtin constants
__PACKAGE__
New and changed builtin variables
$^E, $^H, $^M
New and changed builtin functions
delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys
as an lvalue, my() in Control Structures, pack()
and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as
Default, "m//gc" does not reset search position on
failure, "m//x" ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
nested "sub{}" closures work now, formats work
right on changing lexicals
New builtin methods
isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
TIEHANDLE now supported
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST,
PRINTF this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this,
GETC this, DESTROY this
Malloc enhancements
-DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC,
-DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
Support for More Operating Systems
Win32
Plan 9
QNX
AmigaOS
Pragmata
use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib,
use blib 'dir', use constant NAME => VALUE, use
locale, use ops, use vmsish
Modules
Required Updates
Installation directories
Module information summary
Fcntl
IO
Math::Complex
Math::Trig
DB_File
Net::Ping
Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
Utility Changes
pod2html
Sends converted HTML to standard output
xsubpp
"void" XSUBs now default to returning nothing
C Language API Changes
"gv_fetchmethod" and "perl_call_sv", "perl_eval_pv",
Extended API for manipulating hashes
Documentation Changes
the perldelta manpage, the perlfaq manpage, the perl
locale manpage, the perltoot manpage, the perlapio
manpage, the perlmodlib manpage, the perldebug man
page, the perlsec manpage
New Diagnostics
"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same
scope, %s argument is not a HASH element or slice,
Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too large,
Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to
free nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use refer
ence as lvalue in substr, Bareword "%s" refers to
nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort sub
routine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while
"strict refs" in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' over
loading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s
redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy
method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting
pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal
character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in
PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer
overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed,
Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type in pack:
'%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used
only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline,
Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory
during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt
to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to sep
arate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better
written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method
`%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "-T" option,
untie attempted while %d inner references still exist,
Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork,
Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is depre
cated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will
not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-
formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an
error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX,
PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s
BUGS
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX)
systems
DESCRIPTION
Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
OS level
Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
The IBM ANSI C Compiler
Using GNU's gcc for building perl
Using Large Files with Perl
Threaded Perl
64-bit Perl
GDBM and Threads
NFS filesystems and utime(2)
AUTHOR
DATE
perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Prerequisites
Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library, Ver
sion of Amiga OS
Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
INSTALLATION
Accessing documentation
Manpages
HTML
GNU ""info"" files
""LaTeX"" docs
BUILD
Prerequisites
Getting the perl source
Making
sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib
Testing
Installing the built perl
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl
for BS2000.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
gzip
bison
Unpacking
Compiling
Testing
Install
Using Perl in the Posix-Shell
Using Perl in ""native"" BS2000
Floating point anomalies
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
Mailing list
HISTORY
perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
SYNOPSIS
PREREQUISITES
Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without
it)
Cygwin Configuration
"PATH", nroff, Permissions
CONFIGURE
Strip Binaries
Optional Libraries
"-lcrypt", "-lgdbm" ("use GDBM_File"), "-ldb"
("use DB_File"), "-lcygipc" ("use IPC::SysV")
Configure-time Options
"-Uusedl", "-Uusemymalloc", "-Dusemultiplicity",
"-Duseperlio", "-Duse64bitint", "-Duselongdouble",
"-Dusethreads", "-Duselargefiles"
Suspicious Warnings
dlsym(), Win9x and "d_eofnblk", Compiler/Prepro
cessor defines
MAKE
Warnings
ld2
TEST
File Permissions
Hard Links
Filetime Granularity
Tainting Checks
/etc/group
Script Portability
Pathnames, Text/Binary, .exe, chown(), Miscella
neous
INSTALL
MANIFEST
Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests,
Compiled Perl Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl
Modules/Scripts
BUGS
AUTHORS
HISTORY
perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Prerequisites
DJGPP, Pthreads
Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
Building
Testing
Installation
BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES
Prerequisites
Unpacking CPAN Modules
Building Non-XS Modules
Building XS Modules
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
SYNOPSIS
INTRODUCTION
INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
STARTING PERL ON EPOC
STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
USING PERL ON EPOC
I/O Redirection
PATH Names
Editors
Features
Restrictions
Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environ
ment
SUPPORT STATUS
AUTHOR
LAST UPDATE
perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard
Unix (HP-UX) systems
DESCRIPTION
Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
PA-RISC
PA-RISC 1.0
PA-RISC 1.1
PA-RISC 2.0
Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
The HP ANSI C Compiler
Using Large Files with Perl
Threaded Perl
64-bit Perl
GDBM and Threads
NFS filesystems and utime(2)
perl -P and //
AUTHOR
DATE
perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power
MachTen systems
DESCRIPTION
Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
Failures during ""make test""
op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
Building external modules
AUTHOR
DATE
perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
DATE
perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
SYNOPSIS
What's New
System Requirements
How to Obtain Perl/iX
Distribution Contents Highlights
README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6
Getting Started with Perl/iX
MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
Change History
perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and
WinNT.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Target
Other OSes
Prerequisites
EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
Frequently asked questions
""It does not work""
I cannot run external programs
I cannot embed perl into my program, or use perl.dll
from my program.
Is your program EMX-compiled with "-Zmt -Zcrt
dll"?, Did you use the ExtUtils::Embed manpage?
""``"" and pipe-""open"" do not work under DOS.
Cannot start ""find.exe ""pattern"" file""
INSTALLATION
Automatic binary installation
"PERL_BADLANG", "PERL_BADFREE", Config.pm
Manual binary installation
Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked),
Perl_ VIO executable (statically linked), Executa
bles for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, Addi
tional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl mod
ules, Manpages for Perl and utilities, Manpages
for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
Perl manual in .INF format, Pdksh
Warning
Accessing documentation
OS/2 .INF file
Plain text
Manpages
HTML
GNU ""info"" files
.PDF files
""LaTeX"" docs
BUILD
The short story
Prerequisites
Getting perl source
Application of the patches
Hand-editing
Making
Testing
A lot of "bad free", Process terminated by
SIGTERM/SIGINT, op/fs.t, op/stat.t
Installing the built perl
""a.out""-style build
Build FAQ
Some ""/"" became ""\"" in pdksh.
""'errno'"" - unresolved external
Problems with tr or sed
Some problem (forget which ;-)
Library ... not found
Segfault in make
op/sprintf test failure
Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
""setpriority"", ""getpriority""
""system()""
""extproc"" on the first line
Additional modules:
Prebuilt methods:
"File::Copy::syscopy", "DynaLoader::mod2fname",
"Cwd::current_drive()",
"Cwd::sys_chdir(name)",
"Cwd::change_drive(name)", "Cwd::sys_is_abso
lute(name)", "Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)",
"Cwd::sys_is_rela
tive(name)", "Cwd::sys_cwd(name)",
"Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)", "Cwd::extLib
path([type])", "Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type
] )", "OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)",
"OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)", OS2:\fIs0:SysInfo(),
OS2:\fIs0:BootDrive(), "OS2::MorphPM(serve)",
"OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)", "OS2::Serve_Mes
sages(force)", "OS2::Process_Messages(force [,
cnt])", "OS2::_control87(new,mask)",
OS2:\fIs0:get_control87(), "OS2::set_con
trol87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)"
Prebuilt variables:
$OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
Misfeatures
Modifications
"popen", "tmpnam", "tmpfile", "ctermid", "stat",
"mkdir", "rmdir", "flock"
Identifying DLLs
Centralized management of resources
"HAB", "HMQ"
Perl flavors
perl.exe
perl_.exe
perl__.exe
perl___.exe
Why strange names?
Why dynamic linking?
Why chimera build?
ENVIRONMENT
""PERLLIB_PREFIX""
""PERL_BADLANG""
""PERL_BADFREE""
""PERL_SH_DIR""
""USE_PERL_FLOCK""
""TMP"" or ""TEMP""
Evolution
Priorities
DLL name mangling
Threading
Calls to external programs
Memory allocation
Threads
"COND_WAIT", os2.c
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for
OS/390.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Unpacking
Setup and utilities
Configure
Build, test, install
build anomalies
testing anomalies
installation anomalies
Usage Hints
Floating point anomalies
Modules and Extensions
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
Mailing list
HISTORY
perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris
systems
DESCRIPTION
Solaris Version Numbers.
RESOURCES
Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documenta
tion
SETTING UP
File Extraction Problems.
Compiler and Related Tools.
Environment
RUN CONFIGURE.
64-bit Issues.
Threads.
Malloc Issues.
MAKE PROBLEMS.
Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld,
ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: relocation error:, dlopen:
stub interception failed, #error "No DATAMODEL_NATIVE
specified", sh: ar: not found
MAKE TEST
op/stat.t test 4
PREBUILT BINARIES.
RUNTIME ISSUES.
Limits on Numbers of Open Files.
SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
Proc::ProcessTable
BSD::Resource
Net::SSLeay
AUTHOR
LAST MODIFIED
perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for
VM/ESA.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Unpacking
Setup and utilities
Configure
Don't turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O".
There's a bug in the compiler (APAR PQ18812) that
generates some bad code the optimizer is on, As
VM/ESA doesn't fully support the fork() API pro
grams relying on this call will not work. I've
replaced fork()/exec() with spawn() and the stan
dalone exec() with spawn(). This has a side effect
when opening unnamed pipes in a shell script:
there is no child process generated under
testing anomalies
Usage Hints
When using perl on VM/ESA please keep in mind that
the EBCDIC and ASCII character sets are different.
Perl builtin functions that may behave differently
under EBCDIC are mentioned in the perlport.pod
document.
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
Mailing list
perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
DESCRIPTION
Installation
Organization of Perl Images
Core Images
Perl Extensions
Installing static extensions
Installing dynamic extensions
File specifications
Syntax
Wildcard expansion
Pipes
PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
Command line
I/O redirection and backgrounding
Command line switches
-i, -S, -u
Perl functions
File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt
PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, get
pwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select (system
call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink
LIST, utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
Perl variables
%ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!,
$^E, $?, $^S, $|
Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
SDBM_File
Revision date
AUTHOR
perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
SYNOPSIS
Stratus POSIX Support
INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
Installing Perl 5 on VOS
USING PERL IN VOS
Unimplemented Features
Restrictions
SUPPORT STATUS
AUTHOR
LAST UPDATE
perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Setting Up
Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual
C++, Mingw32 with GCC
Building
Testing
Installation
Usage Hints
Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl
from the command line, Building Extensions, Com
mand-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous
Things
BUGS AND CAVEATS
AUTHORS
Gary Ng <71564.1743@CompuServe.COM>, Gurusamy Sarathy
<gsar@activestate.com>, Nick Ing-Simmons <nick@ni-s.u-
net.com>
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
method, locked
re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Built-in Attributes
locked, method, lvalue
Available Subroutines
get, reftype
Package-specific Attribute Handling
FETCH_type_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_type_ATTRIBUTES
Syntax of Attribute Lists
EXPORTS
Default exports
Available exports
Export tags defined
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
method, locked
autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is
used
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at com
pile time
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
HISTORY
SEE ALSO
blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
AUTHOR
bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than
character semantics
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
charnames - define character names for "\N{named}" string
literal escape.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
BUGS
constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTES
TECHNICAL NOTE
BUGS
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warn
ing diagnostics
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
The ""diagnostics"" Pragma
The splain Program
EXAMPLES
INTERNALS
BUGS
AUTHOR
fields - compile-time class fields
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
new, phash
SEE ALSO
filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission
operators
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
subpragma access
integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of
floating point
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
less - perl pragma to request less of something from the
compiler
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Adding directories to @INC
Deleting directories from @INC
Restoring original @INC
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for
built-in operations
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input
and output
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY
SEE ALSO
ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when com
piling
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
overload - Package for overloading perl operations
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Declaration of overloaded functions
Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
FALSE, TRUE, "undef"
Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
Calling Conventions for Mutators
"++" and "--", "x=" and other assignment versions
Overloadable Operations
Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit
operations, Increment and decrement, Transcenden_
tal functions, Boolean, string and numeric conver_
sion, Iteration, Dereferencing, Special
Inheritance and overloading
Strings as values of "use overload" directive,
Overloading of an operation is inherited by
derived classes
SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR ""use overload""
Last Resort
Fallback
"undef", TRUE, defined, but FALSE
Copy Constructor
Example
MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion
operations, Increment and decrement, "abs($a)", Unary
minus, Negation, Concatenation, Comparison operations,
Iterator, Dereferencing, Copy operator
Losing overloading
Run-time Overloading
Public functions
overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg),
overload::Method(obj,op)
Overloading constants
integer, float, binary, q, qr
IMPLEMENTATION
Metaphor clash
Cookbook
Two-face scalars
Two-face references
Symbolic calculator
Really symbolic calculator
AUTHOR
DIAGNOSTICS
Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s'
is not an overloadable type, `%s' is not a code refer
ence
BUGS
re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
SIGNAL HANDLERS
stack-trace, die, handler your-handler
SIGNAL LISTS
normal-signals, error-signals, old-interface-sig
nals
OTHER
untrapped, any, signal, number
EXAMPLES
strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
"strict refs", "strict vars", "strict subs"
subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
(obsolete)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warn
ings::enabled($category), warnings::enabled($object),
warnings::warn($message), warnings::warn($category,
$message), warnings::warn($object, $message), warn
ings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category,
$message), warnings::warnif($object, $message)
warnings::register - warnings import function
MODULE DOCUMENTATION
AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DBM Comparisons
[0], [1], [2], [3]
SEE ALSO
AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Subroutine Stubs
Using AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
Overriding AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
Package Lexicals
Not Using AutoLoader
AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader
CAVEATS
SEE ALSO
AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
$keep, $check, $modtime
Multiple packages
DIAGNOSTICS
B - The Perl Compiler
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
SV-RELATED CLASSES
B::SV METHODS
REFCNT, FLAGS
B::IV METHODS
IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
B::NV METHODS
NV, NVX
B::RV METHODS
RV
B::PV METHODS
PV, PVX
B::PVMG METHODS
MAGIC, SvSTASH
B::MAGIC METHODS
MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
B::PVLV METHODS
TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
B::BM METHODS
USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
B::GV METHODS
is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV,
HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT,
FLAGS
B::IO METHODS
LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME,
TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV,
SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
B::AV METHODS
FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
B::CV METHODS
STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUT
SIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, CvFLAGS
B::HV METHODS
FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
OP-RELATED CLASSES
B::OP METHODS
next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type,
seq, flags, private
B::UNOP METHOD
first
B::BINOP METHOD
last
B::LOGOP METHOD
other
B::LISTOP METHOD
children
B::PMOP METHODS
pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp,
pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
B::SVOP METHOD
sv, gv
B::PADOP METHOD
padix
B::PVOP METHOD
pv
B::LOOP METHODS
redoop, nextop, lastop
B::COP METHODS
label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY ""B""
main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation,
walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE),
svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR),
cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
threadsv_names
AUTHOR
B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to
generate bytecode
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHORS
B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
-ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops,
-fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -On, -D,
-Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -upackage Stores package in
the output. =back
EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHORS
B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
-ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -D, -Do, -Dc, -DA,
-DC, -DM, -f, -fcog, -fno-cog, -On, -llimit
EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHOR
B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
-ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -mModulename, -D, -Dr,
-DO, -Ds, -Dp, -Dq, -Dl, -Dt, -f, -ffreetmps-each-
bblock, -ffreetmps-each-loop, -fomit-taint, -On
EXAMPLES
BUGS
DIFFERENCES
Loops
Context of ""..""
Arithmetic
Deprecated features
AUTHOR
B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info
about ops
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
-basic, -exec, -tree, -compact, -loose, -vt, -ascii,
-main, -basen, -bigendian, -littleendian, -concise,
-terse, -linenoise, -debug, -env
FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
(x(exec_text;basic_text)x), (*(text)*),
(*(text1;text2)*), (?(text1#varText2)?), #var, #varN,
~, #addr, #arg, #class, #classym, #coplabel, #exname,
#extarg, #firstaddr, #flags, #flagval, #hyphenseq,
#label, #lastaddr, #name, #NAME, #next, #nextaddr,
#noise, #private, #privval, #seq, #seqnum, #sibaddr,
#svaddr, #svclass, #svval, #targ, #targarg, #targar
glife, #typenum
ABBREVIATIONS
OP flags abbreviations
OP class abbreviations
AUTHOR
B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info
about ops
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
-l, -p, -q, -uPACKAGE, -sLETTERS, C, iNUMBER, T,
vSTRING., -xLEVEL
USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
Synopsis
Description
new
coderef2text
BUGS
AUTHOR
B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
B::Lint - Perl lint
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
context, implicit-read and implicit-write, dollar-
underscore, private-names, undefined-subs, regexp-
variables, all, none
NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
-u Package
BUGS
AUTHOR
B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONVENTIONS
IMPLEMENTATION
AUTHOR
B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or
files
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info
about ops
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl pro
grams
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
"-oFILENAME", "-r", "-D[tO]"
BUGS
AUTHOR
Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Methods
new, debug, iters
Standard Exports
timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [
TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODE
HASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr
( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
Optional Exports
clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese
( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), cmpthese (
RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disable
cache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
NOTES
EXAMPLES
INHERITANCE
CAVEATS
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
MODIFICATION HISTORY
ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
-ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops,
-fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -On, -D,
-Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -upackage Stores package in
the output. =back
EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHORS
CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
PROGRAMMING STYLE
CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO
YOUR SCRIPT:
FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAME
TER:
SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
:cgi, :form, :html2, :html3, :netscape, :html,
:standard, :all
PRAGMAS
-any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -new
style_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug,
-debug, -private_tempfiles
SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2.
end_table() (generates a </TABLE> tag), 3.
start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul()
(generates a </UL> tag)
GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
Parameters:, 4, 5, 6..
ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE
INFORMATION:
OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
-absolute, -relative, -full, -path (-path_info),
-query (-query_string), -base
MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
AUTOESCAPING HTML
$escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");,
$charset = charset([$charset]);, $flag =
autoEscape([$flag]);
PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-
data
CREATING A TEXT FIELD
Parameters
CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
Parameters
CREATING A POPUP MENU
CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
Parameters:
CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
Parameters:
CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
Parameters:
CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
Parameters:
CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
Parameters:
CREATING A RESET BUTTON
CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
Parameters:
CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
Parameters:
CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
HTTP COOKIES
1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a
"secure" flag, -name, -value, -path, -domain,
-expires, -secure
WORKING WITH FRAMES
1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the desti
nation for the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify
the destination for the document in the <FORM> tag
LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
DEBUGGING
DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
Accept(), raw_cookie(), user_agent(), path_info(),
path_translated(), remote_host(), script_name(), ref_
erer(), auth_type (), server_name (), virtual_host (),
server_port (), server_software (), remote_user (),
user_name (), request_method(), content_type(),
http(), https()
USING NPH SCRIPTS
In the use statement, By calling the nph() method:, By
using -nph parameters
Server Push
multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(),
multipart_final()
Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
$CGI::POST_MAX, $CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS, 1. On a script-
by-script basis, 2. Globally for all scripts
COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
AUTHOR INFORMATION
CREDITS
Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James
Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <san
guish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu),
Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
(jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse
(delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
(applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwa
ter.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at),
Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
(tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-
Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@ful
crum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dog
wood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inx
press.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan
Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern
(dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston
(robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many more..
A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
BUGS
SEE ALSO
CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the
HTTPD (or other) error log
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
Changing the default message
MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
CHANGE LOG
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USING CGI::Cookie
1. expiration date, 2. domain, 3. path, 4. secure flag
Creating New Cookies
Sending the Cookie to the Browser
Recovering Previous Cookies
Manipulating Cookies
name(), value(), domain(), path(), expires()
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
CAVEATS
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Tags that won't be formatted
Customizing the Indenting
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USING CGI::Push
-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -tar
get, -expires, -nph
Heterogeneous Pages
Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct
CGI::Switch
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR INFORMATION
SEE ALSO
CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN
sites
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Interactive Mode
Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files
and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or
distributions, get, readme, look module or distri
bution, ls author, Signals
CPAN::Shell
autobundle
recompile
The four ""CPAN::*"" Classes: Author, Bundle, Module,
Distribution
Programmer's interface
expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Pro
gramming Examples
Methods in the other Classes
CPAN:\fIs0:Author::as_glimpse(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Author::as_string(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Author::email(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Author::fullname(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Author::name(), CPAN:\fIs0:Bun
dle::as_glimpse(), CPAN:\fIs0:Bundle::as_string(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Bundle::clean(), CPAN:\fIs0:Bun
dle::contains(), CPAN::Bun
dle::force($method,@args), CPAN:\fIs0:Bun
dle::get(), CPAN:\fIs0:Bundle::inst_file(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Bundle::inst_version(), CPAN:\fIs0:Bun
dle::uptodate(), CPAN:\fIs0:Bundle::install(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Bundle::make(), CPAN:\fIs0:Bun
dle::readme(), CPAN:\fIs0:Bundle::test(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Distribution::as_glimpse(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Distribution::as_string(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Distribution::clean(), CPAN:\fIs0:Dis
tribution::containsmods(), CPAN:\fIs0:Distribu
tion::cvs_import(), CPAN:\fIs0:Distribu
tion::dir(), CPAN::Distribu
tion::force($method,@args), CPAN:\fIs0:Distribu
tion::get(), CPAN:\fIs0:Distribution::install(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Distribution::isa_perl(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Distribution::look(), CPAN:\fIs0:Dis
tribution::make(), CPAN:\fIs0:Distribution::pre
req_pm(), CPAN:\fIs0:Distribution::readme(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Distribution::test(), CPAN:\fIs0:Dis
tribution::uptodate(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Index::force_reload(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Index::reload(),
CPAN:\fIs0:InfoObj::dump(), CPAN:\fIs0:Mod
ule::as_glimpse(), CPAN:\fIs0:Module::as_string(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Module::clean(), CPAN:\fIs0:Mod
ule::cpan_file(), CPAN:\fIs0:Module::cpan_ver
sion(), CPAN:\fIs0:Module::cvs_import(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Module::description(), CPAN::Mod
ule::force($method,@args), CPAN:\fIs0:Mod
ule::get(), CPAN:\fIs0:Module::inst_file(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Module::inst_version(), CPAN:\fIs0:Mod
ule::install(), CPAN:\fIs0:Module::look(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Module::make(), CPAN:\fIs0:Module::man
page_headline(), CPAN:\fIs0:Module::readme(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Module::test(),
CPAN:\fIs0:Module::uptodate(), CPAN:\fIs0:Mod
ule::userid()
Cache Manager
Bundles
Prerequisites
Finding packages and VERSION
Debugging
Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
CONFIGURATION
"o conf <scalar option>", "o conf <scalar option>
<value>", "o conf <list option>", "o conf <list
option> [shift|pop]", "o conf <list option>
[unshift|push|splice] <list>"
Note on urllist parameter's format
urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
SECURITY
EXPORT
POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
Three basic types of firewalls
http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility,
SOCKS, IP Masquerade
Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
FAQ 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
BUGS
AUTHOR
TRANSLATIONS
SEE ALSO
CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initial
ization
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using
any XS module
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of
caller)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Forcing a Stack Trace
BUGS
Carp::Heavy - Carp guts
SYNOPIS
DESCRIPTION
Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl
classes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
The ""struct()"" function
Class Creation at Compile Time
Element Types and Accessor Methods
Scalar ("'$'" or "'*$'"), Array ("'@'" or "'*@'"),
Hash ("'%'" or "'*%'"), Class ("'Class_Name'" or
"'*Class_Name'")
Initializing with ""new""
EXAMPLES
Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
Author and Modification History
Config - access Perl configuration information
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
EXAMPLE
WARNING
GLOSSARY
_ "_a", "_exe", "_o"
a "afs", "alignbytes", "ansi2knr", "aphostname",
"api_revision", "api_subversion", "api_version",
"api_versionstring", "ar", "archlib", "archlib
exp", "archname64", "archname", "archobjs", "awk"
b "baserev", "bash", "bin", "bincompat5005", "bin
exp", "bison", "byacc", "byteorder"
c "c", "castflags", "cat", "cc", "cccdlflags",
"ccdlflags", "ccflags", "ccflags_uselargefiles",
"ccname", "ccsymbols", "ccversion", "cf_by",
"cf_email", "cf_time", "charsize", "chgrp",
"chmod", "chown", "clocktype", "comm", "compress"
C "CONFIGDOTSH", "contains", "cp", "cpio", "cpp",
"cpp_stuff", "cppccsymbols", "cppflags",
"cpplast", "cppminus", "cpprun", "cppstdin", "cpp
symbols", "crosscompile", "cryptlib", "csh"
d "d__fwalk", "d_access", "d_accessx", "d_alarm",
"d_archlib", "d_atolf", "d_atoll", "d_attribut",
"d_bcmp", "d_bcopy", "d_bincompat5005", "d_bsd",
"d_bsdgetpgrp", "d_bsdsetpgrp", "d_bzero",
"d_casti32", "d_castneg", "d_charvspr", "d_chown",
"d_chroot", "d_chsize", "d_closedir", "d_const",
"d_crypt", "d_csh", "d_cuserid", "d_dbl_dig",
"d_difftime", "d_dirnamlen", "d_dlerror",
"d_dlopen", "d_dlsymun", "d_dosuid",
"d_drand48proto", "d_dup2", "d_eaccess", "d_end
grent", "d_endhent", "d_endnent", "d_endpent",
"d_endpwent", "d_endsent", "d_eofnblk",
"d_eunice", "d_fchmod", "d_fchown", "d_fcntl",
"d_fcntl_can_lock", "d_fd_macros", "d_fd_set",
"d_fds_bits", "d_fgetpos", "d_flexfnam",
"d_flock", "d_fork", "d_fpathconf", "d_fpos64_t",
"d_frexpl", "d_fs_data_s", "d_fseeko", "d_fset
pos", "d_fstatfs", "d_fstatvfs", "d_fsync",
"d_ftello", "d_ftime", "d_Gconvert", "d_getcwd",
"d_getespwnam", "d_getfsstat", "d_getgrent",
"d_getgrps", "d_gethbyaddr", "d_gethbyname",
"d_gethent", "d_gethname", "d_gethostprotos",
"d_getlogin", "d_getmnt", "d_getmntent",
"d_getnbyaddr", "d_getnbyname", "d_getnent",
"d_getnetprotos", "d_getpagsz", "d_getpbyname",
"d_getpbynumber", "d_getpent", "d_getpgid",
"d_getpgrp2", "d_getpgrp", "d_getppid", "d_get
prior", "d_getprotoprotos", "d_getprpwnam",
"d_getpwent", "d_getsbyname", "d_getsbyport",
"d_getsent", "d_getservprotos", "d_getspnam",
"d_gettimeod", "d_gnulibc", "d_grpasswd", "d_hasm
ntopt", "d_htonl", "d_iconv", "d_index", "d_ineta
ton", "d_int64_t", "d_isascii", "d_isnan",
"d_isnanl", "d_killpg", "d_lchown", "d_ldbl_dig",
"d_link", "d_locconv", "d_lockf", "d_longdbl",
"d_longlong", "d_lseekproto", "d_lstat", "d_mad
vise", "d_mblen", "d_mbstowcs", "d_mbtowc",
"d_memchr", "d_memcmp", "d_memcpy", "d_memmove",
"d_memset", "d_mkdir", "d_mkdtemp", "d_mkfifo",
"d_mkstemp", "d_mkstemps", "d_mktime", "d_mmap",
"d_modfl", "d_mprotect", "d_msg", "d_msg_ctrunc",
"d_msg_dontroute", "d_msg_oob", "d_msg_peek",
"d_msg_proxy", "d_msgctl", "d_msgget", "d_msgrcv",
"d_msgsnd", "d_msync", "d_munmap", "d_mymalloc",
"d_nice", "d_nv_preserves_uv", "d_nv_pre
serves_uv_bits", "d_off64_t", "d_old_pthread_cre
ate_joinable", "d_oldpthreads", "d_oldsock",
"d_open3", "d_pathconf", "d_pause", "d_perl_other
libdirs", "d_phostname", "d_pipe", "d_poll",
"d_portable", "d_PRId64", "d_PRIeldbl",
"d_PRIEUldbl", "d_PRIfldbl", "d_PRIFUldbl",
"d_PRIgldbl", "d_PRIGUldbl", "d_PRIi64",
"d_PRIo64", "d_PRIu64", "d_PRIx64", "d_PRIXU64",
"d_pthread_yield", "d_pwage", "d_pwchange",
"d_pwclass", "d_pwcomment", "d_pwexpire", "d_pwge
cos", "d_pwpasswd", "d_pwquota", "d_qgcvt",
"d_quad", "d_readdir", "d_readlink", "d_rename",
"d_rewinddir", "d_rmdir", "d_safebcpy", "d_safem
cpy", "d_sanemcmp", "d_sbrkproto",
"d_sched_yield", "d_scm_rights", "d_SCNfldbl",
"d_seekdir", "d_select", "d_sem", "d_semctl",
"d_semctl_semid_ds", "d_semctl_semun", "d_semget",
"d_semop", "d_setegid", "d_seteuid", "d_setgrent",
"d_setgrps", "d_sethent", "d_setlinebuf", "d_set
locale", "d_setnent", "d_setpent", "d_setpgid",
"d_setpgrp2", "d_setpgrp", "d_setprior", "d_set
proctitle", "d_setpwent", "d_setregid", "d_setres
gid", "d_setresuid", "d_setreuid", "d_setrgid",
"d_setruid", "d_setsent", "d_setsid", "d_setvbuf",
"d_sfio", "d_shm", "d_shmat", "d_shmatprototype",
"d_shmctl", "d_shmdt", "d_shmget", "d_sigaction",
"d_sigprocmask", "d_sigsetjmp", "d_socket",
"d_socklen_t", "d_sockpair", "d_socks5_init",
"d_sqrtl", "d_statblks", "d_statfs_f_flags",
"d_statfs_s", "d_statvfs", "d_stdio_cnt_lval",
"d_stdio_ptr_lval",
"d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt",
"d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt",
"d_stdio_stream_array", "d_stdiobase", "d_stdst
dio", "d_strchr", "d_strcoll", "d_strctcpy",
"d_strerrm", "d_strerror", "d_strtod", "d_strtol",
"d_strtold", "d_strtoll", "d_strtoq", "d_strtoul",
"d_strtoull", "d_strtouq", "d_strxfrm", "d_suid
safe", "d_symlink", "d_syscall", "d_sysconf",
"d_sysernlst", "d_syserrlst", "d_system",
"d_tcgetpgrp", "d_tcsetpgrp", "d_telldir",
"d_telldirproto", "d_time", "d_times", "d_trun
cate", "d_tzname", "d_umask", "d_uname",
"d_union_semun", "d_ustat", "d_vendorarch",
"d_vendorbin", "d_vendorlib", "d_vfork",
"d_void_closedir", "d_voidsig", "d_voidtty",
"d_volatile", "d_vprintf", "d_wait4", "d_waitpid",
"d_wcstombs", "d_wctomb", "d_xenix", "date",
"db_hashtype", "db_prefixtype", "defvoidused",
"direntrytype", "dlext", "dlsrc", "doublesize",
"drand01", "dynamic_ext"
e "eagain", "ebcdic", "echo", "egrep", "emacs",
"eunicefix", "exe_ext", "expr", "extensions"
f "fflushall", "fflushNULL", "find", "firstmake
file", "flex", "fpossize", "fpostype", "freetype",
"full_ar", "full_csh", "full_sed"
g "gccosandvers", "gccversion", "gidformat", "gid
sign", "gidsize", "gidtype", "glibpth", "grep",
"groupcat", "groupstype", "gzip"
h "h_fcntl", "h_sysfile", "hint", "hostcat"
i "i16size", "i16type", "i32size", "i32type",
"i64size", "i64type", "i8size", "i8type",
"i_arpainet", "i_bsdioctl", "i_db", "i_dbm",
"i_dirent", "i_dld", "i_dlfcn", "i_fcntl",
"i_float", "i_gdbm", "i_grp", "i_iconv",
"i_ieeefp", "i_inttypes", "i_libutil", "i_limits",
"i_locale", "i_machcthr", "i_malloc", "i_math",
"i_memory", "i_mntent", "i_ndbm", "i_netdb",
"i_neterrno", "i_netinettcp", "i_niin", "i_poll",
"i_prot", "i_pthread", "i_pwd", "i_rpcsvcdbm",
"i_sfio", "i_sgtty", "i_shadow", "i_socks",
"i_stdarg", "i_stddef", "i_stdlib", "i_string",
"i_sunmath", "i_sysaccess", "i_sysdir", "i_sys
file", "i_sysfilio", "i_sysin", "i_sysioctl",
"i_syslog", "i_sysmman", "i_sysmode", "i_sys
mount", "i_sysndir", "i_sysparam", "i_sysresrc",
"i_syssecrt", "i_sysselct", "i_syssockio", "i_sys
stat", "i_sysstatfs", "i_sysstatvfs", "i_systime",
"i_systimek", "i_systimes", "i_systypes",
"i_sysuio", "i_sysun", "i_sysutsname", "i_sysvfs",
"i_syswait", "i_termio", "i_termios", "i_time",
"i_unistd", "i_ustat", "i_utime", "i_values",
"i_varargs", "i_varhdr", "i_vfork", "ignore_ver
sioned_solibs", "inc_version_list", "inc_ver
sion_list_init", "incpath", "inews", "installarch
lib", "installbin", "installman1dir", "install
man3dir", "installprefix", "installprefixexp",
"installprivlib", "installscript", "install
sitearch", "installsitebin", "installsitelib",
"installstyle", "installusrbinperl", "installven
dorarch", "installvendorbin", "installvendorlib",
"intsize", "issymlink", "ivdformat", "ivsize",
"ivtype"
k "known_extensions", "ksh"
l "ld", "lddlflags", "ldflags", "ldflags_uselarge
files", "ldlibpthname", "less", "lib_ext", "libc",
"libperl", "libpth", "libs", "libsdirs", "libs
files", "libsfound", "libspath", "libswanted",
"libswanted_uselargefiles", "line", "lint",
"lkflags", "ln", "lns", "locincpth", "loclibpth",
"longdblsize", "longlongsize", "longsize", "lp",
"lpr", "ls", "lseeksize", "lseektype"
m "mail", "mailx", "make", "make_set_make", "mallo
cobj", "mallocsrc", "malloctype", "man1dir",
"man1direxp", "man1ext", "man3dir", "man3direxp",
"man3ext"
M "Mcc", "mips_type", "mkdir", "mmaptype", "mode
type", "more", "multiarch", "mv", "myarchname",
"mydomain", "myhostname", "myuname"
n "n", "need_va_copy", "netdb_hlen_type",
"netdb_host_type", "netdb_name_type",
"netdb_net_type", "nm", "nm_opt", "nm_so_opt",
"nonxs_ext", "nroff", "nveformat", "nvEUformat",
"nvfformat", "nvFUformat", "nvgformat", "nvGUfor
mat", "nvsize", "nvtype"
o "o_nonblock", "obj_ext", "old_pthread_create_join
able", "optimize", "orderlib", "osname", "osvers",
"otherlibdirs"
p "package", "pager", "passcat", "patchlevel",
"path_sep", "perl5", "perl"
P "PERL_REVISION", "PERL_SUBVERSION", "PERL_VER
SION", "perladmin", "perllibs", "perlpath", "pg",
"phostname", "pidtype", "plibpth", "pm_apiver
sion", "pmake", "pr", "prefix", "prefixexp",
"privlib", "privlibexp", "prototype", "ptrsize"
q "quadkind", "quadtype"
r "randbits", "randfunc", "randseedtype", "ranlib",
"rd_nodata", "revision", "rm", "rmail", "runnm"
s "sched_yield", "scriptdir", "scriptdirexp", "sed",
"seedfunc", "selectminbits", "selecttype", "send
mail", "sh", "shar", "sharpbang", "shmattype",
"shortsize", "shrpenv", "shsharp", "sig_count",
"sig_name", "sig_name_init", "sig_num",
"sig_num_init", "sig_size", "signal_t",
"sitearch", "sitearchexp", "sitebin", "sitebin
exp", "sitelib", "sitelib_stem", "sitelibexp",
"siteprefix", "siteprefixexp", "sizesize", "size
type", "sleep", "smail", "so", "sockethdr", "sock
etlib", "socksizetype", "sort", "spackage", "spit
shell", "sPRId64", "sPRIeldbl", "sPRIEUldbl",
"sPRIfldbl", "sPRIFUldbl", "sPRIgldbl",
"sPRIGUldbl", "sPRIi64", "sPRIo64", "sPRIu64",
"sPRIx64", "sPRIXU64", "src", "sSCNfldbl", "ssize
type", "startperl", "startsh", "static_ext", "std
char", "stdio_base", "stdio_bufsiz", "stdio_cnt",
"stdio_filbuf", "stdio_ptr", "stdio_stream_array",
"strings", "submit", "subversion", "sysman"
t "tail", "tar", "tbl", "tee", "test", "timeincl",
"timetype", "touch", "tr", "trnl", "troff"
u "u16size", "u16type", "u32size", "u32type",
"u64size", "u64type", "u8size", "u8type",
"uidformat", "uidsign", "uidsize", "uidtype",
"uname", "uniq", "uquadtype", "use5005threads",
"use64bitall", "use64bitint", "usedl", "usei
threads", "uselargefiles", "uselongdouble", "use
morebits", "usemultiplicity", "usemymalloc",
"usenm", "useopcode", "useperlio", "useposix",
"usesfio", "useshrplib", "usesocks", "usethreads",
"usevendorprefix", "usevfork", "usrinc", "uuname",
"uvoformat", "uvsize", "uvtype", "uvuformat",
"uvxformat", "uvXUformat"
v "vendorarch", "vendorarchexp", "vendorbin", "ven
dorbinexp", "vendorlib", "vendorlib_stem", "ven
dorlibexp", "vendorprefix", "vendorprefixexp",
"version", "versiononly", "vi", "voidflags"
x "xlibpth", "xs_apiversion"
z "zcat", "zip"
NOTE
Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API
(draft, subject to change)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Global Variables
$DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
@DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
$DB::lineno
API Methods
CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING),
CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), CLIENT->run(),
CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
Client Callback Methods
CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]),
CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), CLIENT->post
stop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING),
CLIENT->cleanup(), CLIENT->output(LIST)
BUGS
AUTHOR
DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO
Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
Interface to Berkeley DB
Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
Default Parameters
In Memory Databases
DB_HASH
A Simple Example
DB_BTREE
Changing the BTREE sort order
Handling Duplicate Keys
The get_dup() Method
The find_dup() Method
The del_dup() Method
Matching Partial Keys
DB_RECNO
The 'bval' Option
A Simple Example
Extra RECNO Methods
$X->push(list) ;, $value = $X->pop ;, $X->shift,
$X->unshift(list) ;, $X->length
Another Example
THE API INTERFACE
$status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status
= $X->put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status =
$X->del($key [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->fd ;, $sta
tus = $X->seq($key, $value, $flags) ;, $status =
$X->sync([$flags]) ;
DBM FILTERS
filter_store_key, filter_store_value, fil
ter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value
The Filter
An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
Another Example -- Key is a C int.
HINTS AND TIPS
Locking: The Trouble with fd
Safe ways to lock a database
Tie::DB_Lock, Tie::DB_LockFile, DB_File::Lock
Sharing Databases With C Applications
The untie() Gotcha
COMMON QUESTIONS
Why is there Perl source in my database?
How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
What does ""Invalid Argument"" mean?
What does ""Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed"" mean?
REFERENCES
HISTORY
BUGS
AVAILABILITY
COPYRIGHT
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable
for both printing and "eval"
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Methods
PACKAGE->new(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Dump
or PACKAGE->Dump(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]),
$OBJ->Seen([HASHREF]), $OBJ->Values([ARRAYREF]),
$OBJ->Names([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Reset
Functions
Dumper(LIST)
Configuration Variables or Methods
$Data::Dumper::Indent or $OBJ->Indent([NEWVAL]),
$Data::Dumper::Purity or $OBJ->Purity([NEWVAL]),
$Data::Dumper::Pad or $OBJ->Pad([NEWVAL]),
$Data::Dumper::Varname or $OBJ->Varname([NEW_
VAL]), $Data::Dumper::Useqq or $OBJ->Useqq([NEW_
VAL]), $Data::Dumper::Terse or $OBJ->Terse([NEW_
VAL]), $Data::Dumper::Freezer or
$OBJ->Freezer([NEWVAL]),
$Data::Dumper::Toaster or $OBJ->Toaster([NEW_
VAL]), $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy or $OBJ->Deep
copy([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys or
$OBJ->Quotekeys([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Bless
or $OBJ->Bless([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth
or $OBJ->Maxdepth([NEWVAL])
Exports
Dumper
EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHOR
VERSION
SEE ALSO
Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
PROFILE FORMAT
AUTOLOAD
ENVIRONMENT
BUGS
SEE ALSO
Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Memory footprint debugging
EXAMPLES
A simple scalar string
A simple scalar number
A simple scalar with an extra reference
A reference to a simple scalar
A reference to an array
A reference to a hash
Dumping a large array or hash
A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
A reference to a subroutine
EXPORTS
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading mod
ule
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Creation
"arrayDepth", "hashDepth", "compactDump",
"veryCompact", "globPrint", "DumpDBFiles", "Dump
Packages", "DumpReused", "tick", "HighBit",
"printUndef", "UsageOnly", unctrl, subdump, bare
Stringify, quoteHighBit, stopDbSignal
Methods
dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote,
set_unctrl, compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_sym
bols, @dl_librefs, @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug,
dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(),
dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(),
dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
AUTHOR
DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C
libraries into Perl code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctu
ation variables
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
Env - perl module that imports environment variables as
scalars or arrays
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
LIMITATIONS
AUTHOR
Errno - System errno constants
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CAVEATS
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
How to Export
Selecting What To Export
Specialised Import Lists
Exporting without using Export's import method
Module Version Checking
Managing Unknown Symbols
Tag Handling Utility Functions
Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
SYNOPIS
DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX com
mands in Makefiles etc.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
cat
eqtime src dst
rm_f files...
rm_f files...
touch files ..
mv source... destination
cp source... destination
chmod mode files..
mkpath directory..
test_f file
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++
applications
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
@EXPORT
FUNCTIONS
xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(),
ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(),
xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed
modules
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USAGE
FUNCTIONS
new(), modules(), files(), directories(), direc_
tory_tree(), validate(), packlist(), version()
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to
use them
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For
dynamic extensions
EXTRALIBS
LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
BSLOADLIBS
PORTABILITY
VMS implementation
Win32 implementation
SEE ALSO
ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour
in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
perl_archive_after
ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
Preloaded methods
canonpath
catdir
catfile
curdir
rootdir
updir
SelfLoaded methods
c_o (o)
cflags (o)
clean (o)
const_cccmd (o)
const_config (o)
const_loadlibs (o)
constants (o)
depend (o)
dir_target (o)
dist (o)
dist_basics (o)
dist_ci (o)
dist_core (o)
dist_dir (o)
dist_test (o)
dlsyms (o)
dynamic (o)
dynamic_bs (o)
dynamic_lib (o)
exescan
extliblist
file_name_is_absolute
find_perl
Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Make
file
fixin
force (o)
guess_name
has_link_code
htmlifypods (o)
init_dirscan
init_main
init_others
install (o)
installbin (o)
libscan (o)
linkext (o)
lsdir
macro (o)
makeaperl (o)
makefile (o)
manifypods (o)
maybe_command
maybe_command_in_dirs
needs_linking (o)
nicetext
parse_version
parse_abstract
pasthru (o)
path
perl_script
perldepend (o)
ppd
perm_rw (o)
perm_rwx (o)
pm_to_blib
post_constants (o)
post_initialize (o)
postamble (o)
prefixify
processPL (o)
realclean (o)
replace_manpage_separator
static (o)
static_lib (o)
staticmake (o)
subdir_x (o)
subdirs (o)
test (o)
test_via_harness (o)
test_via_script (o)
tool_autosplit (o)
tools_other (o)
tool_xsubpp (o)
top_targets (o)
writedoc
xs_c (o)
xs_cpp (o)
xs_o (o)
perl_archive
perl_archive_after
export_list
SEE ALSO
ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Methods always loaded
wraplist
rootdir (override)
SelfLoaded methods
guess_name (override)
find_perl (override)
path (override)
maybe_command (override)
maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
perl_script (override)
file_name_is_absolute (override)
replace_manpage_separator
init_others (override)
constants (override)
cflags (override)
const_cccmd (override)
pm_to_blib (override)
tool_autosplit (override)
tool_sxubpp (override)
xsubpp_version (override)
tools_other (override)
dist (override)
c_o (override)
xs_c (override)
xs_o (override)
top_targets (override)
dlsyms (override)
dynamic_lib (override)
dynamic_bs (override)
static_lib (override)
manifypods (override)
processPL (override)
installbin (override)
subdir_x (override)
clean (override)
realclean (override)
dist_basics (override)
dist_core (override)
dist_dir (override)
dist_test (override)
install (override)
perldepend (override)
makefile (override)
test (override)
test_via_harness (override)
test_via_script (override)
makeaperl (override)
nicetext (override)
ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
catfile
constants (o)
static_lib (o)
dynamic_bs (o)
dynamic_lib (o)
canonpath
perl_script
pm_to_blib
test_via_harness (o)
tool_autosplit (override)
tools_other (o)
xs_o (o)
top_targets (o)
htmlifypods (o)
manifypods (o)
dist_ci (o)
dist_core (o)
pasthru (o)
ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
How To Write A Makefile.PL
Default Makefile Behaviour
make test
make testdb
make install
PREFIX and LIB attribute
AFS users
Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
Determination of Perl Library and Installation Loca
tions
Which architecture dependent directory?
Using Attributes and Parameters
ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION,
C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR,
DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H,
HTMLLIBPODS, HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC,
INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALL
HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALL
MAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB,
INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR,
INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A,
LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS,
MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINK
ING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE,
PERL, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE,
PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PRE
REQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS,
XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
Additional lowercase attributes
clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro,
realclean, test, tool_autosplit
Overriding MakeMaker Methods
Hintsfile support
Distribution Support
make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
shdist, make zipdist, make ci
Disabling an extension
ENVIRONMENT
PERL_MM_OPT
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANI
FEST file
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
MANIFEST.SKIP
EXPORT_OK
GLOBAL VARIABLES
DIAGNOSTICS
"Not in MANIFEST:" file, "No such file:" file, "MANI
FEST:" $!, "Added to MANIFEST:" file
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perl
main.c
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by
DynaLoader
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for
dynamic extension
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS,
NAME
AUTHOR
REVISION
ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USAGE
FUNCTIONS
new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed
or die
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
EXPORTED SYMBOLS
File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
EXAMPLES
"basename", "dirname"
File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a
tree
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
RETURN
AUTHOR
File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Special behaviour if ""syscopy"" is defined (OS/2, VMS
and Win32)
rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
RETURN
AUTHOR
File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORTS (by request only)
BUGS
AUTHOR
HISTORY
SEE ALSO
File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
"wanted", "bydepth", "preprocess", "postprocess",
"follow", "follow_fast", "follow_skip", "no_chdir",
"untaint", "untaint_pattern", "untaint_skip"
CAVEAT
File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
"GLOB_ERR", "GLOB_MARK", "GLOB_NOCASE",
"GLOB_NOCHECK", "GLOB_NOSORT", "GLOB_BRACE",
"GLOB_NOMAGIC", "GLOB_QUOTE", "GLOB_TILDE",
"GLOB_CSH", "GLOB_ALPHASORT"
DIAGNOSTICS
"GLOB_NOSPACE", "GLOB_ABEND"
NOTES
AUTHOR
File::Path - create or remove directory trees
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHORS
File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
devnull
tmpdir
path
canonpath
splitpath
splitdir
catpath
abs2rel
rel2abs
SEE ALSO
File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on
file names
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Exports
SEE ALSO
File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
canonpath
catdir
catfile
curdir
devnull
rootdir
tmpdir
updir
file_name_is_absolute
path
splitpath
splitdir
catpath
abs2rel
rel2abs
SEE ALSO
File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
canonpath
catdir
catfile
curdir
devnull
rootdir
tmpdir
updir
no_upwards
case_tolerant
file_name_is_absolute
path
join
splitpath
splitdir
catpath
abs2rel
rel2abs
SEE ALSO
File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
eliminate_macros
fixpath
Methods always loaded
canonpath (override)
catdir
catfile
curdir (override)
devnull (override)
rootdir (override)
tmpdir (override)
updir (override)
case_tolerant (override)
path (override)
file_name_is_absolute (override)
splitpath (override)
splitdir (override)
catpath (override)
abs2rel (override)
rel2abs (override)
SEE ALSO
File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
devnull
tmpdir
catfile
canonpath
splitpath
splitdir
catpath
SEE ALSO
File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file
safely
PORTABILITY
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS
tempfile
tempdir
MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
mkstemp
mkstemps
mkdtemp
mktemp
POSIX FUNCTIONS
tmpnam
tmpfile
ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
tempnam
UTILITY FUNCTIONS
unlink0
PACKAGE VARIABLES
safe_level, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
TopSystemUID
WARNING
Temporary files and NFS
HISTORY
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat()
functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR
FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
$fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
SEE ALSO
FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
KNOWN BUGS
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT
GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AVAILABILITY
BUGS
SEE ALSO
Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Command Line Options, an Introduction
Getting Started with Getopt::Long
Simple options
A little bit less simple options
Mixing command line option with other arguments
Options with values
Options with multiple values
Options with hash values
User-defined subroutines to handle options
Options with multiple names
Case and abbreviations
Summary of Option Specifications
!, +, s, i, f, : type [ desttype ]
Advanced Possibilities
Object oriented interface
Documentation and help texts
Storing options in a hash
Bundling
The lonesome dash
Argument call-back
Configuring Getopt::Long
default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat,
gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, require_order, permute,
bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
(default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled),
ignore_case_always (default: disabled), pass_through
(default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug
(default: disabled)
Return values and Errors
Legacy
Default destinations
Alternative option starters
Configuration variables
Trouble Shooting
Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
GetOptions does not return a false result when an
option is not supplied
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches
with switch clustering
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the
current locale
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
IO - load various IO modules
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek (
POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash,
IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
METHODS
open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
METHODS
$io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline,
$io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF,
LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr,
$io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
$io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
NOTE
SEE ALSO
BUGS
HISTORY
IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [READER, WRITER] )
METHODS
reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ]
)
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
$io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ),
WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1
(SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell
HISTORY
IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ HANDLES ] )
METHODS
add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE
), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [
TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (),
bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS
accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL),
timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain,
socktype, protocol, connected
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain
sockets
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS
sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr
(), peerport (), peerhost ()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain
sockets
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS
hostpath(), peerpath()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for
directory handles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek (
POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash,
IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for
filehandles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
METHODS
open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods
for I/O handles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
METHODS
$io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline,
$io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF,
LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr,
$io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
$io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
NOTE
SEE ALSO
BUGS
HISTORY
IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for
pipes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [READER, WRITER] )
METHODS
reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system
poll call
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ]
)
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based
methods for I/O objects
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
$io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ),
WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1
(SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell
HISTORY
IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the
select system call
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ HANDLES ] )
METHODS
add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE
), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [
TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (),
bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to
socket communications
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS
accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL),
timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain,
socktype, protocol, connected
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object
interface for AF_INET domain sockets
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS
sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr
(), peerport (), peerhost ()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object
interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS
hostpath(), peerpath()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [,
FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE
[, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ),
stat
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and
writing
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
SEE ALSO
IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing,
and error handling
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ),
getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id,
op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME =>
VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), set
val ( N , VALUE ), stat
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ftok( PATH, ID )
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT
IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [,
FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE
[, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ),
stat
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC
object class
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ),
getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id,
op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME =>
VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), set
val ( N , VALUE ), stat
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is com
puted to, Rounding is performed
BUGS
AUTHOR
Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Canonical notation, Input, Output
EXAMPLES
Autocreating constants
BUGS
AUTHOR
Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathemati
cal functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPERATIONS
CREATION
STRINGIFICATION
CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
USAGE
ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
BUGS
AUTHORS
Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
tan
ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
COORDINATE SYSTEMS
3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical,
cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spheri
cal, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylin
drical
GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES
EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHORS
NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
SYNOPSIS
"O_RDONLY", "O_WRONLY", "O_RDWR"
DIAGNOSTICS
""ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key ""..."" at
...""
BUGS AND WARNINGS
Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Functions
Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [,
$bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);,
$p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
WARNING
NOTES
Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in geth
ost*() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR
Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in get
net*() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR
Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in get
proto*() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR
Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in get
serv*() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR
O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONVENTIONS
IMPLEMENTATION
AUTHOR
ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
SYNOPSIS
"O_RDONLY", "O_WRONLY", "O_RDWR"
DIAGNOSTICS
""odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key ""..."" at
...""
BUGS AND WARNINGS
Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
WARNING
Operator Names and Operator Lists
an operator name (opname), an operator tag name
(optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set
(opset)
Opcode Functions
opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET),
opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset,
invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET),
opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT)
Manipulating Opsets
TO DO (maybe)
Predefined Opcode Tags
:base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io,
:base_orig, :base_math, :base_thread, :default,
:filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
:filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others,
:still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in
restricted compartments
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
a new namespace, an operator mask
WARNING
RECENT CHANGES
Methods in class Safe
permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP,
...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap
(OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE,
ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo
(FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
Some Safety Issues
Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
AUTHOR
Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe opera
tions when compiling
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
CAVEATS
FUNCTIONS
_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin,
assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol,
bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr,
clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid,
ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno,
execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit,
exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod,
fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread,
free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat,
ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlo
gin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid,
gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscn
trl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, iss
pace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv,
link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp,
lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, mem
cmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime,
modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause,
perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort,
raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, set
locale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, sig
longjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsus
pend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf,
stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strc
spn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp,
strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system,
tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp,
tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam,
tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask,
uname, ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf,
vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write
CLASSES
POSIX::SigAction
new
POSIX::SigSet
new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
POSIX::Termios
new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag,
getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr,
setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal
interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field
values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field val
ues, c_oflag field values
PATHNAME CONSTANTS
Constants
POSIX CONSTANTS
Constants
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Constants
ERRNO
Constants
FCNTL
Constants
FLOAT
Constants
LIMITS
Constants
LOCALE
Constants
MATH
Constants
SIGNAL
Constants
STAT
Constants, Macros
STDLIB
Constants
STDIO
Constants
TIME
Constants
UNISTD
Constants
WAIT
Constants, Macros
Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syn
tax errors
SYNOPSIS
OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
podchecker()-warnings => val
DESCRIPTION
DIAGNOSTICS
Errors
empty =headn, =over on line N without closing
=back, =item without previous =over, =back without
previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end with
out =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without format
ter specification, unresolved internal link NAME,
Unknown command "CMD", Unknown interior-sequence
"SEQ", nested commands CMD<...CMD<...>...>, gar
bled entity STRING, Entity number out of range,
malformed link L<>, nonempty Z<>, empty X<>, Spu
rious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious charac_
ter(s) after =back
Warnings
multiple occurence of link target name, line
containing nothing but whitespace in paragraph,
file does not start with =head, previous =item has
no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s),
=item type mismatch (one vs. two), N unescaped
"<>" in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in
=over, No argument for =item, empty section in
previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME
section
Hyperlinks
ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link,
(section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative
text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
RETURN VALUE
EXAMPLES
INTERFACE
"Pod::Checker->new( %options )"
"$checker->poderror( @args )", "$checker->poderror(
{%opts}, @args )"
"$checker->num_errors()"
"$checker->name()"
"$checker->node()"
"$checker->idx()"
"$checker->hyperlink()"
AUTHOR
Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
""pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )""
"-verbose => 1", "-perl => 1", "-script => 1", "-inc
=> 1"
""simplify_name( $str )""
""pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )""
"-inc => 1", "-dirs => [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]", "-ver
bose => 1"
""contains_pod( $file , $verbose )""
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ARGUMENTS
backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot,
index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath,
podroot, quiet, recurse, title, verbose
EXAMPLE
ENVIRONMENT
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT
Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input para
graphs, commands, etc.
SYNOPSIS
REQUIRES
EXPORTS
DESCRIPTION
package Pod::InputSource, package Pod::Paragraph,
package Pod::InteriorSequence, package Pod::ParseTree
Pod::InputSource
new()name()handle()was_cutting()
Pod::Paragraph
Pod::Paragraph->new()
$pod_para->cmd_name()
$pod_para->text()
$pod_para->raw_text()
$pod_para->cmd_prefix()
$pod_para->cmd_separator()
$pod_para->parse_tree()
$pod_para->file_line()
Pod::InteriorSequence
Pod::InteriorSequence->new()
$pod_seq->cmd_name()
$pod_seq->prepend()
$pod_seq->append()
$pod_seq->nested()
$pod_seq->raw_text()
$pod_seq->left_delimiter()
$pod_seq->right_delimiter()
$pod_seq->parse_tree()
$pod_seq->file_line()Pod::InteriorSequence::DESTROY()
Pod::ParseTree
Pod::ParseTree->new()
$ptree->top()
$ptree->children()
$ptree->prepend()
$ptree->append()
$ptree->raw_text()Pod::ParseTree::DESTROY()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OBJECT METHODS
"initialize"
Data Accessors
AddPreamble
AddPostamble
Head1Level
Label
LevelNoNum
MakeIndex
ReplaceNAMEwithSection
StartWithNewPage
TableOfContents
UniqueLabels
UserPreamble
UserPostamble
Lists
Subclassed methods
begin_pod
end_pod
command
verbatim
textblock
interior_sequence
List Methods
begin_list
end_list
add_item
Methods for headings
head
Internal methods
_output
_replace_special_chars
_create_label
_create_index
_clean_latex_commands
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT
REVISION
Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixed
bolditalic, quotes, release, section
DIAGNOSTICS
roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid
link %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d:
Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape E<%s>,
Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph
"%s" on line %d, Unmatched =back
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Pod::List
Pod::List->new()
$list->file()
$list->start()
$list->indent()
$list->type()
$list->rx()
$list->item()
$list->parent()
$list->tag()
Pod::Hyperlink
Pod::Hyperlink->new()
$link->parse($string)
$link->markup($string)
$link->text()
$link->warning()
$link->file(), $link->line()
$link->page()
$link->node()
$link->alttext()
$link->type()
$link->link()
Pod::Cache
Pod::Cache->new()
$cache->item()
$cache->find_page($name)
Pod::Cache::Item
Pod::Cache::Item->new()
$cacheitem->page()
$cacheitem->description()
$cacheitem->path()
$cacheitem->file()
$cacheitem->nodes()
$cacheitem->find_node($name)
$cacheitem->idx()
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and
translators
SYNOPSIS
REQUIRES
EXPORTS
DESCRIPTION
QUICK OVERVIEW
PARSING OPTIONS
-want_nonPODs (default: unset), -process_cut_cmd
(default: unset), -warnings (default: unset)
RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
command()
"$cmd", "$text", "$line_num", "$pod_para"
verbatim()
"$text", "$line_num", "$pod_para"
textblock()
"$text", "$line_num", "$pod_para"
interior_sequence()
OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
new()initialize()begin_pod()begin_input()end_input()end_pod()preprocess_line()preprocess_paragraph()
METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
parse_text()-expand_seq => code-ref|method-name, -expand_text =>
code-ref|method-name, -expand_ptree => code-
ref|method-name
interpolate()parse_paragraph()parse_from_filehandle()parse_from_file()
ACCESSOR METHODS
errorsub()cutting()parseopts()output_file()output_handle()input_file()input_handle()input_streams()top_stream()
PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
_push_input_stream()_pop_input_stream()
TREE-BASED PARSING
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old
style Pod.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORT
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of
POD from input
SYNOPSIS
REQUIRES
EXPORTS
DESCRIPTION
SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
OBJECT METHODS
curr_headings()select()add_selection()clear_selections()match_section()is_selected()
EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
podselect()-output, -sections, -ranges
PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
_compile_section_spec()
$self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
$self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
DIAGNOSTICS
Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s,
Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown com
mand paragraph "%s", Unknown escape: %s, Unknown
sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
RESTRICTIONS
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color
ASCII text
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted
overstrike text
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to
ASCII text with format escapes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from
embedded pod documentation
SYNOPSIS
ARGUMENTS
"-message", "-msg", "-exitval", "-verbose", "-output",
"-input", "-pathlist"
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
Recommended Use
CAVEATS
AUTHOR
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
"O_RDONLY", "O_WRONLY", "O_RDWR"
DIAGNOSTICS
""sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key ""..."" at
...""
BUGS AND WARNINGS
Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
a new namespace, an operator mask
WARNING
RECENT CHANGES
Methods in class Safe
permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP,
...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap
(OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE,
ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo
(FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
Some Safety Issues
Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
AUTHOR
Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
The __DATA__ token
SelfLoader autoloading
Autoloading and package lexicals
SelfLoader and AutoLoader
__DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
Classes and inherited methods.
Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
AUTHOR
Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa -
load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY,
INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sock
addr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN,
pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCK
ADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un
SOCKADDR_UN
Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog
- Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority,
$format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock
$sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlog
mask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority,
$format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock
$sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape
sequences
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DIAGNOSTICS
Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once:
possible typo, No comma allowed after filehandle,
Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
RESTRICTIONS
NOTES
AUTHORS
Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
<tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs>
DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
AUTHOR
Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various "readline"
packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs
instead of basic functions.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Minimal set of supported functions
"ReadLine", "new", "readline", "addhistory", "IN",
$"OUT", "MinLine", "findConsole", Attribs, "Features"
Additional supported functions
"tkRunning", "ornaments", "newTTY"
EXPORTS
ENVIRONMENT
Test - provides a simple framework for writing test
scripts
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TEST TYPES
NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
RETURN VALUE
ONFAIL
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with
statistics
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
The test script output
EXPORT
DIAGNOSTICS
"All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s",
"FAILED tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.",
"Test returned status %d (wstat %d)", "Failed 1 test,
%.2f%% okay. %s", "Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
%s"
ENVIRONMENT
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
BUGS
Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a
list
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or
array of arrays
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
AUTHORS
Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as
Described by Knuth
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
LIMITATIONS
AUTHOR
Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix
expand(1) and unexpand(1)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
AUTHOR
Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject
to change)
CAVEAT
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS
new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE,
async BLOCK;, Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait
VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARI
ABLE, yield
METHODS
join, eval, detach, equal, tid
LIMITATIONS
SEE ALSO
Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
SEE ALSO
Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers
reliably
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value,
FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this,
count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE
this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST,
POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this,
offset, length, LIST
CAVEATS
AUTHOR
Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for
tied handles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length,
offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST,
READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC
this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence,
DESTROY this
MORE INFORMATION
COMPATIBILITY
Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied
hashes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH
this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey,
EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
CAVEATS
MORE INFORMATION
Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
VERSION
SEE ALSO
Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for
tied scalars
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this,
value, DESTROY this
MORE INFORMATION
Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hash
ing
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CAVEATS
Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT
time
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
IMPLEMENTATION
BUGS
Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
gmtime() function
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR
Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
localtime() function
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR
Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and
Time::localtime
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed refer
ences)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ),
UNIVERSAL::isa ( VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL,
METHOD )
User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
getgr*() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR
User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
getpw*() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
System Specifics
NOTE
AUTHOR
HISTORY
March 18th, 2000
Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
DESCRIPTION
Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::Build_
Number(), Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE),
Win32::DomainName(), Win32::ExpandEnviron
mentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERROR
CODE), Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HAN
DLE), Win32::GetArchName(), Win32::GetChipName(),
Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPath
Name(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(),
Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetShortPath
Name(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::Initi
ateSystemShutdown, Win32::IsWinNT(),
Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYS
TEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE), Win32::Looku
pAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID
TYPE), Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]),
Win32::NodeName(), Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARY
NAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::Set
LastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME),
Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID), Win32::Unregis
terServer(LIBRARYNAME)
XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
Here should be listed all the extra programs' documenta
tion, but they don't all have manual pages yet:
a2p
s2p
find2perl
h2ph
c2ph
h2xs
xsubpp
pod2man
wrapsuid
AUTHOR
Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of
other folks.
2001-03-18 perl v5.6.1 PERLTOC(1)
