/xlv1/freeware/1998.Oct/icon/9.3.1/icon-9.3.1.diffbuild/doc
ICON(1) UNIX System V (29 November 1996 IPD244d) ICON(1)
NAME
icon - interpret or compile Icon programs
SYNOPSIS
icont [ option ... ] file ... [ -x arg ... ]
iconc [ option ... ] file ... [ -x arg ... ]
DESCRIPTION
icont and iconc each convert an Icon source program into
executable form. icont translates quickly and provides
interpretive execution. iconc takes longer to compile but
produces programs that execute faster. icont and iconc for
the most part can be used interchangeably.
This manual page describes both icont and iconc. Where there
there are differences in usage between icont and iconc,
these are noted.
File Names: Files whose names end in .icn are assumed to be
Icon source files. The .icn suffix may be omitted; if it is
not present, it is supplied. The character - can be used to
indicate an Icon source file given in standard input.
Several source files can be given on the same command line;
if so, they are combined to produce a single program.
The name of the executable file is the base name of the
first input file, formed by deleting the suffix, if present.
stdin is used for source programs given in standard input.
Processing: As noted in the synopsis above, icont and iconc
accept options followed by file names, optionally followed
by -x and arguments. If -x is given, the program is executed
automatically and any following arguments are passed to it.
icont: The processing performed by icont consists of two
phases: translation and linking. During translation, each
Icon source file is translated into an intermediate language
called ucode. Two ucode files are produced for each source
file, with base names from the source file and suffixes .u1
and .u2. During linking, the one or more pairs of ucode
files are combined to produce a single icode file. The
ucode files are deleted after the icode file is created.
Processing by icont can be terminated after translation by
the -c option. In this case, the ucode files are not
deleted. The names of .u1 files from previous translations
can be given on the icont command line. These files and the
corresponding .u2 files are included in the linking phase
after the translation of any source files. The suffix .u
can be used in place of .u1; in this case the 1 is supplied
automatically. Ucode files that are explicitly named are
not deleted.
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ICON(1) UNIX System V (29 November 1996 IPD244d) ICON(1)
iconc: The processing performed by iconc consists of two
phases: code generation and compilation and linking. The
code generation phase produces C code, consisting of a .c
and a .h file, with the base name of the first source file.
These files are then compiled and linked to produce an
executable binary file. The C files normally are deleted
after compilation and linking.
Processing by iconc can be terminated after code generation
by the -c option. In this case, the C files are not deleted.
OPTIONS
The following options are recognized by icont and iconc:
-c Stop after producing intermediate files and do not
delete them.
-e file
Redirect standard error output to file.
-f s
Enable full string invocation.
-o name
Name the output file name.
-s Suppress informative messages. Normally, both
informative messages and error messages are sent to
standard error output.
-t Arrange for &trace to have an initial value of -1 when
the program is executed and for iconc enable debugging
features.
-u Issue warning messages for undeclared identifiers in the
program.
-v i
Set verbosity level of informative messages to i
-E Direct the results of preprocessing to standard output
and inhibit further processing.
The following additional options are recognized by iconc:
-f string
Enable features as indicated by the letters in string:
a all, equivalent to delns
d enable debugging features: display(), name(),
variable(), error trace back, and the effect of -f n
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ICON(1) UNIX System V (29 November 1996 IPD244d) ICON(1)
(see below)
e enable error conversion
l enable large-integer arithmetic
n produce code that keeps track of line numbers and
file names in the source code
s enable full string invocation
-n string
Disable specific optimizations. These are indicated by
the letters in string:
a all, equivalent to cest
c control flow optimizations other than switch
statement optimizations
e expand operations in-line when reasonable (keywords
are always put in-line)
s optimize switch statements associated with operation
invocations
t type inference
-p arg
Pass arg on to the C compiler used by iconc
-r path
Use the run-time system at path, which must end with a
slash.
When an Icon program is executed, several environment
variables are examined to determine certain execution
parameters. Values in parentheses are the default values.
BLKSIZE (500000)
The initial size of the allocated block region, in
bytes.
COEXPSIZE (2000)
The size, in words, of each co-expression block.
DBLIST
The location of data bases for iconc to search before
the standard one. The value of DBLIST should be a
blank-separated string of the form p1 p2 ... pn where
the pi name directories.
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ICON(1) UNIX System V (29 November 1996 IPD244d) ICON(1)
ICONCORE
If set, a core dump is produced for error termination.
ICONX
The location of iconx, the executor for icode files, is
built into an icode file when it is produced. This
location can be overridden by setting the environment
variable ICONX. If ICONX is set, its value is used in
place of the location built into the icode file.
IPATH
The location of ucode files specified in link
declarations for icont. IPATH is a blank-separated list
of directories. The current directory is always
searched first, regardless of the value of IPATH.
LPATH
The location of source files specified in preprocessor
$include directives and in link declarations for iconc.
LPATH is otherwise similar to IPATH.
MSTKSIZE (10000)
The size, in words, of the main interpreter stack for
icont.
NOERRBUF
By default, &errout is buffered. If this variable is
set, &errout is not buffered.
QLSIZE (5000)
The size, in bytes, of the region used for pointers to
strings during garbage collection.
STRSIZE (500000)
The initial size of the string space, in bytes.
TRACE
The initial value of &trace. If this variable has a
value, it overrides the translation-time -t option.
FILES
icont Icon translator
iconc Icon compiler
iconx Icon executor
SEE ALSO
The Icon Programming Language, Ralph E. Griswold and Madge
T. Griswold, Peer-to-Peer Communications, Inc., Third
Edition, 1996.
Version 9.3 of Icon, Ralph E. Griswold, Clinton L. Jeffery,
and Gregg M. Townsend, IPD278, Department of Computer
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ICON(1) UNIX System V (29 November 1996 IPD244d) ICON(1)
Science, The University of Arizona, 1996.
Version 9 of the Icon Compiler, Ralph E. Griswold, IPD237,
Department of Computer Science, The University of Arizona,
1995.
icon_vt(1)
LIMITATIONS AND BUGS
The icode files for the interpreter do not stand alone; the
Icon run-time system (iconx) must be present.
Stack overflow is checked using a heuristic that is not
always effective.
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