GFDL(7) GNU GFDL(7)NAMEgfdl - GNU Free Documentation License
DESCRIPTION
GNU Free Documentation License
Version 1.2, November 2002
Copyright (c) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0. PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, text-
book, or other functional and useful document free in
the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective
freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and
publisher a way to get credit for their work, while
not being considered responsible for modifications
made by others.
This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means
that derivative works of the document must themselves
be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU
General Public License, which is a copyleft license
designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for
manuals for free software, because free software needs
free documentation: a free program should come with
manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
does. But this License is not limited to software
manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regard-
less of subject matter or whether it is published as a
printed book. We recommend this License principally
for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work, in
any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copy-
right holder saying it can be distributed under the
terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in dura-
tion, to use that work under the conditions stated
herein. The ``Document'', below, refers to any such
manual or work. Any member of the public is a
licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the
license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in
a way requiring permission under copyright law.
A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work
containing the Document or a portion of it, either
copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or trans-
lated into another language.
A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a
front-matter section of the Document that deals exclu-
sively with the relationship of the publishers or
authors of the Document to the Document's overall sub-
ject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that
could fall directly within that overall subject.
(Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathe-
matics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathe-
matics.) The relationship could be a matter of his-
torical connection with the subject or with related
matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethi-
cal or political position regarding them.
The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sec-
tions whose titles are designated, as being those of
Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the
Document is released under this License. If a section
does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it
is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The
Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the
Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then
there are none.
The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text
that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover
Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is
released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at
most 25 words.
A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a
machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose
specification is available to the general public, that
is suitable for revising the document straightfor-
wardly with generic text editors or (for images com-
posed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for draw-
ings) some widely available drawing editor, and that
is suitable for input to text formatters or for auto-
matic translation to a variety of formats suitable for
input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise
Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of
markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage sub-
sequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
An image format is not Transparent if used for any
substantial amount of text. A copy that is not
``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies
include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input for-
mat, LaTeX input format, @acronym{SGML} or
@acronym{XML} using a publicly available
@acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple
@acronym{HTML}, PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed
for human modification. Examples of transparent image
formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and
@acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary
formats that can be read and edited only by propri-
etary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML}
for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools
are not generally available, and the machine-generated
@acronym{HTML}, PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced
by some word processors for output purposes only.
The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the
title page itself, plus such following pages as are
needed to hold, legibly, the material this License
requires to appear in the title page. For works in
formats which do not have any title page as such,
``Title Page'' means the text near the most prominent
appearance of the work's title, preceding the begin-
ning of the body of the text.
A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of
the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or
contains XYZ in parentheses following text that trans-
lates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
specific section name mentioned below, such as
``Acknowledgements'', ``Dedications'', ``Endorse-
ments'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title''
of such a section when you modify the Document means
that it remains a section ``Entitled XYZ'' according
to this definition.
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to
the notice which states that this License applies to
the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are consid-
ered to be included by reference in this License, but
only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have
is void and has no effect on the meaning of this
License.
2. VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any
medium, either commercially or noncommercially, pro-
vided that this License, the copyright notices, and
the license notice saying this License applies to the
Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you
add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this
License. You may not use technical measures to
obstruct or control the reading or further copying of
the copies you make or distribute. However, you may
accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you
distribute a large enough number of copies you must
also follow the conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions
stated above, and you may publicly display copies.
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that
commonly have printed covers) of the Document, number-
ing more than 100, and the Document's license notice
requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in
covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these
Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must
also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher
of these copies. The front cover must present the
full title with all words of the title equally promi-
nent and visible. You may add other material on the
covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to
the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too volumi-
nous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones
listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual
cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Doc-
ument numbering more than 100, you must either include
a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each
Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
computer-network location from which the general net-
work-using public has access to download using public-
standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy
of the Document, free of added material. If you use
the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent
steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in
quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
remain thus accessible at the stated location until at
least one year after the last time you distribute an
Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or
retailers) of that edition to the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact
the authors of the Document well before redistributing
any large number of copies, to give them a chance to
provide you with an updated version of the Document.
4. MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the
Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3
above, provided that you release the Modified Version
under precisely this License, with the Modified Ver-
sion filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
distribution and modification of the Modified Version
to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you
must do these things in the Modified Version:
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any)
a title distinct from that of the Document, and
from those of previous versions (which should, if
there were any, be listed in the History section
of the Document). You may use the same title as a
previous version if the original publisher of that
version gives permission.
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more
persons or entities responsible for authorship of
the modifications in the Modified Version,
together with at least five of the principal
authors of the Document (all of its principal
authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they
release you from this requirement.
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher
of the Modified Version, as the publisher.
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Docu-
ment.
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modi-
fications adjacent to the other copyright notices.
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices,
a license notice giving the public permission to
use the Modified Version under the terms of this
License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of
Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given
in the Document's license notice.
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
I. Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Pre-
serve its Title, and add to it an item stating at
least the title, year, new authors, and publisher
of the Modified Version as given on the Title
Page. If there is no section Entitled ``History''
in the Document, create one stating the title,
year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
given on its Title Page, then add an item describ-
ing the Modified Version as stated in the previous
sentence.
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in
the Document for public access to a Transparent
copy of the Document, and likewise the network
locations given in the Document for previous ver-
sions it was based on. These may be placed in the
``History'' section. You may omit a network loca-
tion for a work that was published at least four
years before the Document itself, or if the origi-
nal publisher of the version it refers to gives
permission.
K. For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or
``Dedications'', Preserve the Title of the sec-
tion, and preserve in the section all the sub-
stance and tone of each of the contributor
acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Docu-
ment, unaltered in their text and in their titles.
Section numbers or the equivalent are not consid-
ered part of the section titles.
M. Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''.
Such a section may not be included in the Modified
Version.
N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
``Endorsements'' or to conflict in title with any
Invariant Section.
O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sec-
tions or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections
and contain no material copied from the Document, you
may at your option designate some or all of these sec-
tions as invariant. To do this, add their titles to
the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Ver-
sion's license notice. These titles must be distinct
from any other section titles.
You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', pro-
vided it contains nothing but endorsements of your
Modified Version by various parties---for example,
statements of peer review or that the text has been
approved by an organization as the authoritative defi-
nition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-
Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-
Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in
the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover
Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the
Document already includes a cover text for the same
cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made
by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you
may not add another; but you may replace the old one,
on explicit permission from the previous publisher
that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not
by this License give permission to use their names for
publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any
Modified Version.
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents
released under this License, under the terms defined
in section 4 above for modified versions, provided
that you include in the combination all of the Invari-
ant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodi-
fied, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
combined work in its license notice, and that you pre-
serve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this
License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may
be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple
Invariant Sections with the same name but different
contents, make the title of each such section unique
by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name
of the original author or publisher of that section if
known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjust-
ment to the section titles in the list of Invariant
Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections
Entitled ``History'' in the various original docu-
ments, forming one section Entitled ``History''; like-
wise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledge-
ments'', and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''.
You must delete all sections Entitled ``Endorse-
ments.''
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document
and other documents released under this License, and
replace the individual copies of this License in the
various documents with a single copy that is included
in the collection, provided that you follow the rules
of this License for verbatim copying of each of the
documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collec-
tion, and distribute it individually under this
License, provided you insert a copy of this License
into the extracted document, and follow this License
in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of
that document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with
other separate and independent documents or works, in
or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is
called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright resulting
from the compilation is not used to limit the legal
rights of the compilation's users beyond what the
individual works permit. When the Document is
included an aggregate, this License does not apply to
the other works in the aggregate which are not them-
selves derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applica-
ble to these copies of the Document, then if the Docu-
ment is less than one half of the entire aggregate,
the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers
that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in
electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on
printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
8. TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so
you may distribute translations of the Document under
the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections
with translations requires special permission from
their copyright holders, but you may include transla-
tions of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to
the original versions of these Invariant Sections.
You may include a translation of this License, and all
the license notices in the Document, and any Warrany
Disclaimers, provided that you also include the origi-
nal English version of this License and the original
versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of
a disagreement between the translation and the origi-
nal version of this License or a notice or disclaimer,
the original version will prevail.
If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowl-
edgements'', ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the
requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section
1) will typically require changing the actual title.
9. TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute
the Document except as expressly provided for under
this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sub-
license or distribute the Document is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this
License. However, parties who have received copies,
or rights, from you under this License will not have
their licenses terminated so long as such parties
remain in full compliance.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised
versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from
time to time. Such new versions will be similar in
spirit to the present version, but may differ in
detail to address new problems or concerns. See
<http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing
version number. If the Document specifies that a par-
ticular numbered version of this License ``or any
later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that
specified version or of any later version that has
been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Document does not specify a ver-
sion number of this License, you may choose any ver-
sion ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Soft-
ware Foundation.
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
To use this License in a document you have written,
include a copy of the License in the document and put the
following copyright and license notices just after the
title page:
Copyright (C) <year> <your name>.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
Free Documentation License''.
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and
Back-Cover Texts, replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with
this:
with the Invariant Sections being <list their titles>, with
the Front-Cover Texts being <list>, and with the Back-Cover Texts
being <list>.
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or
some other combination of the three, merge those two
alternatives to suit the situation.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program
code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel
under your choice of free software license, such as the
GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free
software.
SEE ALSOgpl(7), fsf-funding(7).
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Tem-
ple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim
copies of this license document, but changing it is not
allowed.
gcc-3.3 2003-05-14 GFDL(7)
