ZGGES(3S)ZGGES(3S)NAMEZGGES - compute for a pair of N-by-N complex nonsymmetric matrices (A,B),
the generalized eigenvalues, the generalized complex Schur form (S, T),
and optionally left and/or right Schur vectors (VSL and VSR)
SYNOPSIS
SUBROUTINE ZGGES( JOBVSL, JOBVSR, SORT, DELCTG, N, A, LDA, B, LDB, SDIM,
ALPHA, BETA, VSL, LDVSL, VSR, LDVSR, WORK, LWORK,
RWORK, BWORK, INFO )
CHARACTER JOBVSL, JOBVSR, SORT
INTEGER INFO, LDA, LDB, LDVSL, LDVSR, LWORK, N, SDIM
LOGICAL BWORK( * )
DOUBLE PRECISION RWORK( * )
COMPLEX*16 A( LDA, * ), ALPHA( * ), B( LDB, * ), BETA( * ), VSL(
LDVSL, * ), VSR( LDVSR, * ), WORK( * )
LOGICAL DELCTG
EXTERNAL DELCTG
IMPLEMENTATION
These routines are part of the SCSL Scientific Library and can be loaded
using either the -lscs or the -lscs_mp option. The -lscs_mp option
directs the linker to use the multi-processor version of the library.
When linking to SCSL with -lscs or -lscs_mp, the default integer size is
4 bytes (32 bits). Another version of SCSL is available in which integers
are 8 bytes (64 bits). This version allows the user access to larger
memory sizes and helps when porting legacy Cray codes. It can be loaded
by using the -lscs_i8 option or the -lscs_i8_mp option. A program may use
only one of the two versions; 4-byte integer and 8-byte integer library
calls cannot be mixed.
PURPOSEZGGES computes for a pair of N-by-N complex nonsymmetric matrices (A,B),
the generalized eigenvalues, the generalized complex Schur form (S, T),
and optionally left and/or right Schur vectors (VSL and VSR). This gives
the generalized Schur factorization
(A,B) = ( (VSL)*S*(VSR)**H, (VSL)*T*(VSR)**H )
where (VSR)**H is the conjugate-transpose of VSR.
Optionally, it also orders the eigenvalues so that a selected cluster of
eigenvalues appears in the leading diagonal blocks of the upper
triangular matrix S and the upper triangular matrix T. The leading
columns of VSL and VSR then form an unitary basis for the corresponding
left and right eigenspaces (deflating subspaces).
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(If only the generalized eigenvalues are needed, use the driver ZGGEV
instead, which is faster.)
A generalized eigenvalue for a pair of matrices (A,B) is a scalar w or a
ratio alpha/beta = w, such that A - w*B is singular. It is usually
represented as the pair (alpha,beta), as there is a reasonable
interpretation for beta=0, and even for both being zero.
A pair of matrices (S,T) is in generalized complex Schur form if S and T
are upper triangular and, in addition, the diagonal elements of T are
non-negative real numbers.
ARGUMENTS
JOBVSL (input) CHARACTER*1
= 'N': do not compute the left Schur vectors;
= 'V': compute the left Schur vectors.
JOBVSR (input) CHARACTER*1
= 'N': do not compute the right Schur vectors;
= 'V': compute the right Schur vectors.
SORT (input) CHARACTER*1
Specifies whether or not to order the eigenvalues on the diagonal
of the generalized Schur form. = 'N': Eigenvalues are not
ordered;
= 'S': Eigenvalues are ordered (see DELCTG).
DELCTG (input) LOGICAL FUNCTION of two COMPLEX*16 arguments
DELCTG must be declared EXTERNAL in the calling subroutine. If
SORT = 'N', DELCTG is not referenced. If SORT = 'S', DELCTG is
used to select eigenvalues to sort to the top left of the Schur
form. An eigenvalue ALPHA(j)/BETA(j) is selected if
DELCTG(ALPHA(j),BETA(j)) is true.
Note that a selected complex eigenvalue may no longer satisfy
DELCTG(ALPHA(j),BETA(j)) = .TRUE. after ordering, since ordering
may change the value of complex eigenvalues (especially if the
eigenvalue is ill-conditioned), in this case INFO is set to N+2
(See INFO below).
N (input) INTEGER
The order of the matrices A, B, VSL, and VSR. N >= 0.
A (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDA, N)
On entry, the first of the pair of matrices. On exit, A has been
overwritten by its generalized Schur form S.
LDA (input) INTEGER
The leading dimension of A. LDA >= max(1,N).
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B (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDB, N)
On entry, the second of the pair of matrices. On exit, B has
been overwritten by its generalized Schur form T.
LDB (input) INTEGER
The leading dimension of B. LDB >= max(1,N).
SDIM (output) INTEGER
If SORT = 'N', SDIM = 0. If SORT = 'S', SDIM = number of
eigenvalues (after sorting) for which DELCTG is true.
ALPHA (output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (N)
BETA (output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (N) On exit,
ALPHA(j)/BETA(j), j=1,...,N, will be the generalized eigenvalues.
ALPHA(j), j=1,...,N and BETA(j), j=1,...,N are the diagonals
of the complex Schur form (A,B) output by ZGGES. The BETA(j)
will be non-negative real.
Note: the quotients ALPHA(j)/BETA(j) may easily over- or
underflow, and BETA(j) may even be zero. Thus, the user should
avoid naively computing the ratio alpha/beta. However, ALPHA
will be always less than and usually comparable with norm(A) in
magnitude, and BETA always less than and usually comparable with
norm(B).
VSL (output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDVSL,N)
If JOBVSL = 'V', VSL will contain the left Schur vectors. Not
referenced if JOBVSL = 'N'.
LDVSL (input) INTEGER
The leading dimension of the matrix VSL. LDVSL >= 1, and if
JOBVSL = 'V', LDVSL >= N.
VSR (output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDVSR,N)
If JOBVSR = 'V', VSR will contain the right Schur vectors. Not
referenced if JOBVSR = 'N'.
LDVSR (input) INTEGER
The leading dimension of the matrix VSR. LDVSR >= 1, and if
JOBVSR = 'V', LDVSR >= N.
WORK (workspace/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LWORK)
On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK.
LWORK (input) INTEGER
The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= max(1,2*N). For good
performance, LWORK must generally be larger.
If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine
only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this
value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message
related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA.
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RWORK (workspace) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (8*N)
BWORK (workspace) LOGICAL array, dimension (N)
Not referenced if SORT = 'N'.
INFO (output) INTEGER
= 0: successful exit
< 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value.
=1,...,N: The QZ iteration failed. (A,B) are not in Schur form,
but ALPHA(j) and BETA(j) should be correct for j=INFO+1,...,N. >
N: =N+1: other than QZ iteration failed in ZHGEQZ
=N+2: after reordering, roundoff changed values of some complex
eigenvalues so that leading eigenvalues in the Generalized Schur
form no longer satisfy DELCTG=.TRUE. This could also be caused
due to scaling. =N+3: reordering falied in ZTGSEN.
SEE ALSOINTRO_LAPACK(3S), INTRO_SCSL(3S)
This man page is available only online.
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