ddi_dma_attr(9S) Data Structures for Drivers ddi_dma_attr(9S)NAMEddi_dma_attr - DMA attributes structure
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/ddidmareq.h>
INTERFACE LEVEL
Solaris DDI specific (Solaris DDI)
DESCRIPTION
A ddi_dma_attr_t structure describes device- and DMA engine-specific
attributes necessary to allocate DMA resources for a device. The driver
might have to extend the attributes with bus-specific information,
depending on the bus to which the device is connected.
STRUCTURE MEMBERS
uint_t dma_attr_version; /* version number */
uint64_t dma_attr_addr_lo; /* low DMA address range */
uint64_t dma_attr_addr_hi; /* high DMA address range */
uint64_t dma_attr_count_max; /* DMA counter register */
uint64_t dma_attr_align; /* DMA address alignment */
uint_t dma_attr_burstsizes; /* DMA burstsizes */
uint32_t dma_attr_minxfer; /* min effective DMA size */
uint64_t dma_attr_maxxfer; /* max DMA xfer size */
uint64_t dma_attr_seg; /* segment boundary */
int dma_attr_sgllen; /* s/g list length */
uint32_t dma_attr_granular; /* granularity of device */
uint_t dma_attr_flags; /* DMA transfer flags */
The dma_attr_version stores the version number of this DMA attribute
structure. It should be set to DMA_ATTR_V0.
The dma_attr_addr_lo and dma_attr_addr_hi fields specify the address
range the device's DMA engine can access. The dma_attr_addr_lo field
describes the inclusive lower 64-bit boundary. The dma_attr_addr_hi
describes the inclusive upper 64-bit boundary. The system ensures that
allocated DMA resources are within the range specified. See
ddi_dma_cookie(9S).
The dma_attr_count_max describes an inclusive upper bound for the
device's DMA counter register. For example, 0xFFFFFF would describe a
DMA engine with a 24-bit counter register. DMA resource allocation
functions have to break up a DMA object into multiple DMA cookies if
the size of the object exceeds the size of the DMA counter register.
The dma_attr_align specifies alignment requirements for allocated DMA
resources. This field can be used to force more restrictive alignment
than imposed by dma_attr_burstsizes or dma_attr_minxfer, such as align‐
ment at a page boundary. Most drivers set this field to 1, indicating
byte alignment.
The dma_attr_align only specifies alignment requirements for allocated
DMA resources. The buffer passed to ddi_dma_addr_bind_handle(9F) or
ddi_dma_buf_bind_handle(9F) must have an equally restrictive alignment
(see ddi_dma_mem_alloc(9F)).
The dma_attr_burstsizes field describes the possible burst sizes the
DMA engine of a device can accept. The format of the data sizes is
binary, encoded in terms of powers of two. When DMA resources are allo‐
cated, the system can modify the burstsizes value to reflect the system
limits. The driver must use the allowable burstsizes to program the DMA
engine. See ddi_dma_burstsizes(9F).
The dma_attr_minxfer field describes the minimum effective DMA access
size in units of bytes. DMA resources can be modified, depending on the
presence and use of I/O caches and write buffers between the DMA engine
and the memory object. This field is used to determine alignment and
padding requirements for ddi_dma_mem_alloc(9F).
The dma_attr_maxxfer field describes the maximum effective DMA access
size in units of bytes.
The dma_attr_seg field specifies segment boundary restrictions for
allocated DMA resources. The system allocates DMA resources for the
device so that the object does not span the segment boundary specified
by dma_attr_seg. For example, a value of 0xFFFF means DMA resources
must not cross a 64-Kbyte boundary. DMA resource allocation functions
might have to break up a DMA object into multiple DMA cookies to
enforce segment boundary restrictions. In this case, the transfer must
be performed using scatter-gather I/O or multiple DMA windows.
The dma_attr_sgllen field describes the length of the DMA scat‐
ter/gather list of a device. Possible values are as follows:
< 0 Device DMA engine is not constrained by the size, for example,
withDMA chaining.
= 0 Reserved.
= 1 Device DMA engine does not support scatter/gather such as third
party DMA.
> 1 Device DMA engine uses scatter/gather. The dma_attr_sgllen value
is the maximum number of entries in the list.
The dma_attr_granular field describes the granularity of the device
transfer size in units of bytes. When the system allocates DMA
resources, the size of a single segment is a multiple of the device
granularity. If dma_attr_sgllen is larger than 1 within a window, the
sum of the sizes for a subgroup of segments is a multiple of the device
granularity.
All driver requests for DMA resources must be a multiple of the granu‐
larity of the device transfer size.
The dma_attr_flags field can be set to a combination of:
DDI_DMA_FORCE_PHYSICAL
Some platforms, such as SPARC systems, support what is called
Direct Virtual Memory Access (DVMA). On these platforms, the device
is provided with a virtual address by the system in order to per‐
form the transfer. In this case, the underlying platform provides
an IOMMU, which translates accesses to these virtual addresses into
the proper physical addresses. Some of these platforms also support
DMA. DDI_DMA_FORCE_PHYSICAL indicates that the system should return
physical rather than virtual I/O addresses if the system supports
both. If the system does not support physical DMA, the return value
from ddi_dma_alloc_handle(9F) is DDI_DMA_BADATTR. In this case, the
driver has to clear DDI_DMA_FORCE_PHYSICAL and retry the operation.
DDI_DMA_FLAGERR
Using this value indicates that the driver is hardened: able to
cope with the incorrect results of DMA operations that might result
from an I/O fault. The value also indicates that the driver will
use ddi_fm_dma_err_get(9F) to check DMA handles for faults on a
regular basis.
If a DMA error is detected during a DMA access to an area mapped by
such a handle, the system should not panic if possible, but should
instead mark the DMA handle as having faulted.
This value is advisory: it tells the system that the driver can
continue in the face of I/O faults. It does not guarantee that the
system will not panic, as that depends on the nature of the fault
and the capabilities of the system. It is quite legitimate for an
implementation to ignore this flag and panic anyway.
DDI_DMA_RELAXED_ORDERING
This optional flag can be set if the DMA transactions associated
with this handle are not required to observe strong DMA write
ordering among themselves, nor with DMA write transactions of other
handles.
The flag allows the host bridge to transfer data to and from memory
more efficiently and might result in better DMA performance on some
platforms.
Drivers for devices with hardware support, such as marking the bus
transactions relaxed ordered, should not use this flag. Such driv‐
ers should use the hardware capability instead.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Initializing the ddi_dma_attr_t Structure
Assume a device has the following DMA characteristics:
o Full 32-bit range addressable
o 24-bit DMA counter register
o Byte alignment
o 4- and 8-byte burst sizes support
o Minimum effective transfer size of 1 bytes
o 64 Mbyte minus 1 (26-bit) maximum transfer size limit
o Maximum segment size of 32 Kbyte
o 17 scatter/gather list elements
o 512-byte device transfer size granularity
The corresponding ddi_dma_attr_t structure is initialized as follows:
static ddi_dma_attr_t dma_attrs = {
DMA_ATTR_V0 /* version number */
(uint64_t)0x0, /* low address */
(uint64_t)0xffffffff, /* high address */
(uint64_t)0xffffff, /* DMA counter max */
(uint64_t)0x1 /* alignment */
0x0c, /* burst sizes */
0x1, /* minimum transfer size */
(uint64_t)0x3ffffff, /* maximum transfer size */
(uint64_t)0x7fff, /* maximum segment size */
17, /* scatter/gather list lgth */
512 /* granularity */
0 /* DMA flags */
};
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
│ ATTRIBUTE TYPE │ ATTRIBUTE VALUE │
├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
│Interface Stability │Committed │
└─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
SEE ALSOattributes(5), ddi_dma_addr_bind_handle(9F), ddi_dma_alloc_handle(9F),
ddi_dma_buf_bind_handle(9F), ddi_dma_burstsizes(9F),
ddi_dma_mem_alloc(9F), ddi_dma_nextcookie(9F), ddi_fm_dma_err_get(9F),
ddi_dma_cookie(9S)
Writing Device Drivers
SunOS 5.11 12 Feb 2009 ddi_dma_attr(9S)
