RC.CONF(5) BSD File Formats Manual RC.CONF(5)NAME
rc.conf — system configuration information
DESCRIPTION
The file rc.conf contains descriptive information about the local host
name, configuration details for any potential network interfaces and
which services should be started up at system initial boot time. In new
installations, the rc.conf file is generally initialized by the system
installation utility, sysinstall(8).
The purpose of rc.conf is not to run commands or perform system startup
actions directly. Instead, it is included by the various generic startup
scripts in /etc which conditionalize their internal actions according to
the settings found there.
The /etc/rc.conf file is included from the file /etc/defaults/rc.conf,
which specifies the default settings for all the available options.
Options need only be specified in /etc/rc.conf when the system adminis‐
trator wishes to override these defaults. The file /etc/rc.conf.local is
used to override settings in /etc/rc.conf for historical reasons. See
the rc_conf_files variable below.
Options are set with “name=value” assignments that use sh(1) syntax. The
following list provides a name and short description for each variable
that can be set in the rc.conf file:
rc_debug (bool) If set to “YES”, enable output of debug messages from
rc scripts. This variable can be helpful in diagnosing mis‐
takes when editing or integrating new scripts. Beware that
this produces copious output to the terminal and syslog(3).
rc_info (bool) If set to “NO”, disable informational messages from
the rc scripts. Informational messages are displayed when a
condition that is not serious enough to warrant a warning or
an error occurs.
rc_startmsgs
(bool) If set to “YES”, show “Starting foo:” when faststart
is used (e.g., at boot time).
early_late_divider
(str) The name of the script that should be used as the
delimiter between the “early” and “late” stages of the boot
process. The early stage should contain all the services
needed to get the disks (local or remote) mounted so that the
late stage can include scripts contained in the directories
listed in the local_startup variable (see below). Thus, the
two likely candidates for this value are mountcritlocal for
the typical system, and mountcritremote if the system needs
remote file systems mounted to get access to the
local_startup directories; for example when /usr/local is NFS
mounted. For rc.conf within a jail(8) NETWORKING is likely
to be an appropriate value. Extreme care should be taken
when changing this value, and before changing it one should
ensure that there are adequate provisions to recover from a
failed boot (such as physical contact with the machine, or
reliable remote console access).
swapfile (str) If set to “NO”, no swapfile is installed, otherwise the
value is used as the full pathname to a file to use for addi‐
tional swap space.
apm_enable (bool) If set to “YES”, enable support for Automatic Power
Management with the apm(8) command.
apmd_enable
(bool) Run apmd(8) to handle APM event from userland. This
also enables support for APM.
apmd_flags (str) If apmd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags to
pass to the apmd(8) daemon.
devd_enable
(bool) Run devd(8) to handle device added, removed or unknown
events from the kernel.
ddb_enable (bool) Run ddb(8) to install ddb(4) scripts at boot time.
ddb_config (str) Configuration file for ddb(8). Default /etc/ddb.conf.
kldxref_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. Set to “YES” to automatically
rebuild linker.hints files with kldxref(8) at boot time.
kldxref_clobber
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. If kldxref_enable is true,
setting to “YES” will overwrite existing linker.hints files
at boot time. Otherwise, only missing linker.hints files are
generated.
kldxref_module_path
(str) Empty by default. A semi-colon (‘;’) delimited list of
paths containing kld(4) modules. If empty, the contents of
the kern.module_path sysctl(8) are used.
powerd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, enable the system power control
facility with the powerd(8) daemon.
powerd_flags
(str) If powerd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags
to pass to the powerd(8) daemon.
tmpmfs Controls the creation of a /tmp memory file system. Always
happens if set to “YES” and never happens if set to “NO”. If
set to anything else, a memory file system is created if /tmp
is not writable.
tmpsize Controls the size of a created /tmp memory file system.
tmpmfs_flags
Extra options passed to the mdmfs(8) utility when the memory
file system for /tmp is created. The default is “-S”, which
inhibits the use of softupdates on /tmp so that file system
space is freed without delay after file truncation or dele‐
tion. See mdmfs(8) for other options you can use in
tmpmfs_flags.
varmfs Controls the creation of a /var memory file system. Always
happens if set to “YES” and never happens if set to “NO”. If
set to anything else, a memory file system is created if /var
is not writable.
varsize Controls the size of a created /var memory file system.
varmfs_flags
Extra options passed to the mdmfs(8) utility when the memory
file system for /var is created. The default is “-S”, which
inhibits the use of softupdates on /var so that file system
space is freed without delay after file truncation or dele‐
tion. See mdmfs(8) for other options you can use in
varmfs_flags.
populate_var
Controls the automatic population of the /var file system.
Always happens if set to “YES” and never happens if set to
“NO”. If set to anything else, a memory file system is cre‐
ated if /var is not writable. Note that this process
requires access to certain commands in /usr before /usr is
mounted on normal systems.
cleanvar_enable
(bool) Clean the /var directory.
local_startup
(str) List of directories to search for startup script files.
script_name_sep
(str) The field separator to use for breaking down the list
of startup script files into individual filenames. The
default is a space. It is not necessary to change this
unless there are startup scripts with names containing spa‐
ces.
hostapd_enable
(bool) Set to “YES” to start hostapd(8) at system boot time.
hostname (str) The fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of this host on
the network. This should almost certainly be set to some‐
thing meaningful, even if there is no network connection. If
dhclient(8) is used to set the hostname via DHCP, this vari‐
able should be set to an empty string. If this value remains
unset when the system is done booting your console login will
display the default hostname of “Amnesiac.”
ipv6_enable
(bool) Enable support for IPv6 networking. Note that this
requires that the kernel has been compiled with options
INET6.
nisdomainname
(str) The NIS domain name of this host, or “NO” if NIS is not
used.
dhclient_program
(str) Path to the DHCP client program (/sbin/dhclient, the
OpenBSD DHCP client, is the default).
dhclient_flags
(str) Additional flags to pass to the DHCP client program.
For the OpenBSD DHCP client, see the dhclient(8) manpage for
a description of the command line options available.
dhclient_flags_⟨iface⟩
Additional flags to pass to the DHCP client program running
on iface only. When specified, this variable overrides
dhclient_flags.
background_dhclient
(bool) Set to “YES” to start the DHCP client in background.
This can cause trouble with applications depending on a work‐
ing network, but it will provide a faster startup in many
cases.
background_dhclient_⟨iface⟩
When specified, this variable overrides the
background_dhclient variable for interface iface only.
synchronous_dhclient
(bool) Set to “YES” to start dhclient(8) synchronously at
startup. This behavior can be overridden on a per-interface
basis by replacing the “DHCP” keyword in the
ifconfig_⟨interface⟩ variable with “SYNCDHCP” or
“NOSYNCDHCP”.
defaultroute_delay
(int) When set to a positive value, wait up to this long
after configuring DHCP interfaces at startup to give the
interfaces time to receive a lease.
firewall_enable
(bool) Set to “YES” to load firewall rules at startup. If
the kernel was not built with options IPFIREWALL, the ipfw.ko
kernel module will be loaded. See also ipfilter_enable.
firewall_script
(str) This variable specifies the full path to the firewall
script to run. The default is /etc/rc.firewall.
firewall_type
(str) Names the firewall type from the selection in
/etc/rc.firewall, or the file which contains the local fire‐
wall ruleset. Valid selections from /etc/rc.firewall are:
open unrestricted IP access
closed all IP services disabled, except via “lo0”
client basic protection for a workstation
simple basic protection for a LAN.
If a filename is specified, the full path must be given.
firewall_quiet
(bool) Set to “YES” to disable the display of firewall rules
on the console during boot.
firewall_logging
(bool) Set to “YES” to enable firewall event logging. This
is equivalent to the IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE kernel option.
firewall_flags
(str) Flags passed to ipfw(8) if firewall_type specifies a
filename.
firewall_coscripts
(str) List of executables and/or rc scripts to run after
firewall starts/stops. Default is empty.
firewall_nat_enable
(bool) The ipfw(8) equivalent of natd_enable. Setting this
to “YES” enables kernel NAT. firewall_enable must also be
set to “YES”.
firewall_nat_interface
(str) The ipfw(8) equivalent of natd_interface. This is the
name of the public interface or IP address on which kernel
NAT should run.
firewall_nat_flags
(str) Additional configuration parameters for kernel NAT
should be placed here.
dummynet_enable
(bool) Setting this to “YES” will automatically load the
dummynet(4) module if firewall_enable is also set to “YES”.
natd_program
(str) Path to natd(8).
natd_enable
(bool) Set to “YES” to enable natd(8). firewall_enable must
also be set to “YES”, and divert(4) sockets must be enabled
in the kernel. If the kernel was not built with options
IPDIVERT, the ipdivert.ko kernel module will be loaded.
natd_interface
(str) This is the name of the public interface on which
natd(8) should run. The interface may be given as an inter‐
face name or as an IP address.
natd_flags (str) Additional natd(8) flags should be placed here. The -n
or -a flag is automatically added with the above
natd_interface as an argument.
ipfilter_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. Setting this to “YES” enables
ipf(8) packet filtering.
Typical usage will require putting
ipfilter_enable="YES"
ipnat_enable="YES"
ipmon_enable="YES"
ipfs_enable="YES"
into /etc/rc.conf and editing /etc/ipf.rules and
/etc/ipnat.rules appropriately.
Note that ipfilter_enable and ipnat_enable can be enabled
independently. ipmon_enable and ipfs_enable both require at
least one of ipfilter_enable and ipnat_enable to be enabled.
Having
options IPFILTER
options IPFILTER_LOG
options IPFILTER_DEFAULT_BLOCK
in the kernel configuration file is a good idea, too.
ipfilter_program
(str) Path to ipf(8) (default /sbin/ipf).
ipfilter_rules
(str) Set to /etc/ipf.rules by default. This variable con‐
tains the name of the filter rule definition file. The file
is expected to be readable for the ipf(8) command to execute.
ipv6_ipfilter_rules
(str) Set to /etc/ipf6.rules by default. This variable con‐
tains the IPv6 filter rule definition file. The file is
expected to be readable for the ipf(8) command to execute.
ipfilter_flags
(str) Empty by default. This variable contains flags passed
to the ipf(8) program.
ipnat_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. Set it to “YES” to enable
ipnat(8) network address translation. See ipfilter_enable
for a detailed discussion.
ipnat_program
(str) Path to ipnat(8) (default /sbin/ipnat).
ipnat_rules
(str) Set to /etc/ipnat.rules by default. This variable con‐
tains the name of the file holding the network address trans‐
lation definition. This file is expected to be readable for
the ipnat(8) command to execute.
ipnat_flags
(str) Empty by default. This variable contains flags passed
to the ipnat(8) program.
ipmon_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. Set it to “YES” to enable
ipmon(8) monitoring (logging ipf(8) and ipnat(8) events).
Setting this variable needs setting ipfilter_enable or
ipnat_enable too. See ipfilter_enable for a detailed discus‐
sion.
ipmon_program
(str) Path to ipmon(8) (default /sbin/ipmon).
ipmon_flags
(str) Set to “-Ds” by default. This variable contains flags
passed to the ipmon(8) program. Another typical example
would be “-D /var/log/ipflog” to have ipmon(8) log directly
to a file bypassing syslogd(8). Make sure to adjust
/etc/newsyslog.conf in such case like this:
/var/log/ipflog 640 10 100 * Z /var/run/ipmon.pid
ipfs_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. Set it to “YES” to enable
ipfs(8) saving the filter and NAT state tables during shut‐
down and reloading them during startup again. Setting this
variable needs setting ipfilter_enable or ipnat_enable to
“YES” too. See ipfilter_enable for a detailed discussion.
Note that if kern_securelevel is set to 3, ipfs_enable cannot
be used because the raised securelevel will prevent ipfs(8)
from saving the state tables at shutdown time.
ipfs_program
(str) Path to ipfs(8) (default /sbin/ipfs).
ipfs_flags (str) Empty by default. This variable contains flags passed
to the ipfs(8) program.
pf_enable (bool) Set to “NO” by default. Setting this to “YES” enables
pf(4) packet filtering.
Typical usage will require putting
pf_enable="YES"
into /etc/rc.conf and editing /etc/pf.conf appropriately.
Adding
device pf
builds support for pf(4) into the kernel, otherwise the ker‐
nel module will be loaded.
pf_rules (str) Path to pf(4) ruleset configuration file (default
/etc/pf.conf).
pf_program (str) Path to pfctl(8) (default /sbin/pfctl).
pf_flags (str) If pf_enable is set to “YES”, these flags are passed to
the pfctl(8) program when loading the ruleset.
pflog_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. Setting this to “YES” enables
pflogd(8) which logs packets from the pf(4) packet filter.
pflog_logfile
(str) If pflog_enable is set to “YES” this controls where
pflogd(8) stores the logfile (default /var/log/pflog). Check
/etc/newsyslog.conf to adjust logfile rotation for this.
pflog_program
(str) Path to pflogd(8) (default /sbin/pflogd).
pflog_flags
(str) Empty by default. This variable contains additional
flags passed to the pflogd(8) program.
ftpproxy_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. Setting this to “YES” enables
ftp-proxy(8) which supports the pf(4) packet filter in trans‐
lating ftp connections.
ftpproxy_flags
(str) Empty by default. This variable contains additional
flags passed to the ftp-proxy(8) program.
pfsync_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. Setting this to “YES” enables
exposing pf(4) state changes to other hosts over the network
by means of pfsync(4). The pfsync_syncdev variable must also
be set then.
pfsync_syncdev
(str) Empty by default. This variable specifies the name of
the network interface pfsync(4) should operate through. It
must be set accordingly if pfsync_enable is set to “YES”.
pfsync_syncpeer
(str) Empty by default. This variable is optional. By
default, state change messages are sent out on the synchroni‐
sation interface using IP multicast packets. The protocol is
IP protocol 240, PFSYNC, and the multicast group used is
224.0.0.240. When a peer address is specified using the
pfsync_syncpeer option, the peer address is used as a desti‐
nation for the pfsync traffic, and the traffic can then be
protected using ipsec(4). See the pfsync(4) manpage for more
details about using ipsec(4) with pfsync(4) interfaces.
pfsync_ifconfig
(str) Empty by default. This variable can contain additional
options to be passed to the ifconfig(8) command used to set
up pfsync(4).
tcp_extensions
(bool) Set to “YES” by default. Setting this to “NO” dis‐
ables certain TCP options as described by RFC 1323. Setting
this to “NO” might help remedy such problems with connections
as randomly hanging or other weird behavior. Some network
devices are known to be broken with respect to these options.
log_in_vain
(int) Set to 0 by default. The sysctl(8) variables,
net.inet.tcp.log_in_vain and net.inet.udp.log_in_vain, as
described in tcp(4) and udp(4), are set to the given value.
tcp_keepalive
(bool) Set to “YES” by default. Setting to “NO” will disable
probing idle TCP connections to verify that the peer is still
up and reachable.
tcp_drop_synfin
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. Setting to “YES” will cause
the kernel to ignore TCP frames that have both the SYN and
FIN flags set. This prevents OS fingerprinting, but may
break some legitimate applications.
icmp_drop_redirect
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. Setting to “YES” will cause
the kernel to ignore ICMP REDIRECT packets. Refer to icmp(4)
for more information.
icmp_log_redirect
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. Setting to “YES” will cause
the kernel to log ICMP REDIRECT packets. Note that the log
messages are not rate-limited, so this option should only be
used for troubleshooting networks. Refer to icmp(4) for more
information.
icmp_bmcastecho
(bool) Set to “YES” to respond to broadcast or multicast ICMP
ping packets. Refer to icmp(4) for more information.
ip_portrange_first
(int) If not set to “NO”, this is the first port in the
default portrange. Refer to ip(4) for more information.
ip_portrange_last
(int) If not set to “NO”, this is the last port in the
default portrange. Refer to ip(4) for more information.
network_interfaces
(str) Set to the list of network interfaces to configure on
this host or “AUTO” (the default) for all current interfaces.
Setting the network_interfaces variable to anything other
than the default is deprecated. Interfaces that the adminis‐
trator wishes to store configuration for, but not start at
boot should be configured with the “NOAUTO” keyword in their
ifconfig_⟨interface⟩ variables as described below.
An ifconfig_⟨interface⟩ variable is also assumed to exist for
each value of interface. When an interface name contains any
of the characters “.-/+” they are translated to “_” before
lookup. The variable can contain arguments to ifconfig(8),
as well as special case-insensitive keywords described below.
Such keywords are removed before passing the value to
ifconfig(8) while the order of the other arguments is pre‐
served.
One can configure more than one IPv4 address with the
ipv4_addrs_⟨interface⟩ variable. One or more IP addresses
must be provided in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
address notation, whose last byte can be a range like
192.0.2.5-23/24. In this case the address 192.0.2.5 will be
configured with the netmask /24 and the addresses 192.0.2.6
to 192.0.2.23 with the non-conflicting netmask /32 as
explained in the ifconfig(8) alias section. With the inter‐
face in question being ed0, an example could look like:
ipv4_addrs_ed0="192.0.2.129/27 192.0.2.1-5/28"
It is also possible to add IP alias entries using ifconfig(8)
syntax. Assuming that the interface in question was ed0, it
might look something like this:
ifconfig_ed0_alias0="inet 127.0.0.253 netmask 0xffffffff"
ifconfig_ed0_alias1="inet 127.0.0.254 netmask 0xffffffff"
And so on. For each ifconfig_⟨interface⟩_alias⟨n⟩ entry that
is found, its contents are passed to ifconfig(8). Execution
stops at the first unsuccessful access, so if something like
this is present:
ifconfig_ed0_alias0="inet 127.0.0.251 netmask 0xffffffff"
ifconfig_ed0_alias1="inet 127.0.0.252 netmask 0xffffffff"
ifconfig_ed0_alias2="inet 127.0.0.253 netmask 0xffffffff"
ifconfig_ed0_alias4="inet 127.0.0.254 netmask 0xffffffff"
Then note that alias4 would not be added since the search
would stop with the missing “alias3” entry. Due to this dif‐
ficult to manage behavior, the ifconfig_⟨interface⟩_alias⟨n⟩
form is deprecated.
If the /etc/start_if.⟨interface⟩ file is present, it is read
and executed by the sh(1) interpreter before configuring the
interface as specified in the ifconfig_⟨interface⟩ and
ifconfig_⟨interface⟩_alias⟨n⟩ variables.
If a vlans_⟨interface⟩ variable is set, a vlan(4) interface
will be created for each item in the list with the vlandev
argument set to interface. If a vlan interface's name is a
number, then that number is used as the vlan tag and the new
vlan interface is named interface.tag. Otherwise, the vlan
tag must be specified via a vlan parameter in the
create_args_⟨interface⟩ variable.
To create a vlan device named em0.101 on em0 with the vlan
tag 101 and the optional the IPv4 address 192.0.2.1/24:
vlans_em0="101"
ifconfig_em0_101="inet 192.0.2.1/24"
To create a vlan device named myvlan on em0 with the vlan tag
102:
vlans_em0="myvlan"
create_args_myvlan="vlan 102"
If a wlans_⟨interface⟩ variable is set, an wlan(4) interface
will be created for each item in the list with the wlandev
argument set to interface. Further wlan cloning arguments
may be passed to the ifconfig(8) create command by setting
the create_args_⟨interface⟩ variable. One or more wlan(4)
devices must be created for each wireless devices as of
FreeBSD 8.0. Debugging flags for wlan(4) devices as set by
wlandebug(8) may be specified with an wlandebug_⟨interface⟩
variable. The contents of this variable will be passed
directly to wlandebug(8).
If the ifconfig_⟨interface⟩ contains the keyword “NOAUTO”
then the interface will not be configured at boot or by
/etc/pccard_ether when network_interfaces is set to “AUTO”.
It is possible to bring up an interface with DHCP by adding
“DHCP” to the ifconfig_⟨interface⟩ variable. For instance,
to initialize the ed0 device via DHCP, it is possible to use
something like:
ifconfig_ed0="DHCP"
Also, if you want to configure your wireless interface with
wpa_supplicant(8) for use with WPA, EAP/LEAP or WEP, you need
to add “WPA” to the ifconfig_⟨interface⟩ variable.
Finally, you can add ifconfig(8) options in this variable, in
addition to the /etc/start_if.⟨interface⟩ file. For
instance, to configure an ath(4) wireless device in station
mode with an address obtained via DHCP, using WPA authentica‐
tion and 802.11b mode, it is possible to use something like:
wlans_ath0="wlan0"
ifconfig_wlan0="DHCP WPA mode 11b"
In addition to the ifconfig_⟨interface⟩ form, a fallback
variable ifconfig_DEFAULT may be configured. It will be used
for all interfaces with no ifconfig_⟨interface⟩ variable.
This is intended to replace the no longer supported
pccard_ifconfig variable.
It is also possible to rename an interface by doing:
ifconfig_ed0_name="net0"
ifconfig_net0="inet 192.0.2.1 netmask 0xffffff00"
ipv6_network_interfaces
(str) This is the IPv6 equivalent of network_interfaces.
Instead of setting the ifconfig variables as
ifconfig_⟨interface⟩ they should be set as
ipv6_ifconfig_⟨interface⟩. Aliases should be set as
ipv6_ifconfig_⟨interface⟩_alias⟨n⟩. ipv6_prefix_⟨interface⟩
does something. Interfaces that do not have a
ipv6_ifconfig_⟨interface⟩ setting will be auto configured by
rtsol(8) if the ipv6_gateway_enable is set to “NO”. Note
that the IPv6 networking code does not support the
/etc/start_if.⟨interface⟩ files.
ipv6_default_interface
(str) If not set to “NO”, this is the default output inter‐
face for scoped addresses. Now this works only for IPv6 link
local multicast addresses.
cloned_interfaces
(str) Set to the list of clonable network interfaces to cre‐
ate on this host. Further cloning arguments may be passed to
the ifconfig(8) create command for each interface by setting
the create_args_⟨interface⟩ variable. Entries in
cloned_interfaces are automatically appended to
network_interfaces for configuration.
fec_interfaces
(str) Set to the list of ng_fec(4) Fast EtherChannel inter‐
faces to configure on this host. A fecconfig_⟨interface⟩
variable is assumed to exist for each value of interface.
The value of this variable is used to configure link aggre‐
gated interfaces according to the syntax of the
NGM_FEC_ADD_IFACE to ngctl(8) msg. Additionally, this option
ensures that each listed interface is created via the mkpeer
command to ngctl(8) before attempting to configure it. For
example:
fec_interfaces="fec0"
fecconfig_fec0="em0 em1"
ifconfig_fec0="DHCP"
gif_interfaces
(str) Set to the list of gif(4) tunnel interfaces to config‐
ure on this host. A gifconfig_⟨interface⟩ variable is
assumed to exist for each value of interface. The value of
this variable is used to configure the link layer of the tun‐
nel according to the syntax of the tunnel option to
ifconfig(8). Additionally, this option ensures that each
listed interface is created via the create option to
ifconfig(8) before attempting to configure it.
sppp_interfaces
(str) Set to the list of sppp(4) interfaces to configure on
this host. A spppconfig_⟨interface⟩ variable is assumed to
exist for each value of interface. Each interface should
also be configured by a general ifconfig_⟨interface⟩ setting.
Refer to spppcontrol(8) for more information about available
options.
ppp_enable (bool) If set to “YES”, run the ppp(8) daemon.
ppp_profile
(str) The name of the profile to use from /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.
Also used for per-profile overrides of ppp_mode and ppp_nat,
and ppp_⟨profile⟩_unit. When the profile name contains any
of the characters “.-/+” they are translated to “_” for the
proposes of the override variable names.
ppp_mode (str) Mode in which to run the ppp(8) daemon.
ppp_⟨profile⟩_mode
(str) Overrides the global ppp_mode for profile. Accepted
modes are “auto”, “ddial”, “direct” and “dedicated”. See the
manual for a full description.
ppp_nat (bool) If set to “YES”, enables network address translation.
Used in conjunction with gateway_enable allows hosts on pri‐
vate network addresses access to the Internet using this host
as a network address translating router.
ppp_⟨profile⟩_nat
(str) Overrides the global ppp_nat for profile.
ppp_⟨profile⟩_unit
(int) Set the unit number to be used for this profile. See
the manual description of -unitN for details.
ppp_user (str) The name of the user under which ppp(8) should be
started. By default, ppp(8) is started as “root”.
rc_conf_files
(str) This option is used to specify a list of files that
will override the settings in /etc/defaults/rc.conf. The
files will be read in the order in which they are specified
and should include the full path to the file. By default,
the files specified are /etc/rc.conf and /etc/rc.conf.local
zfs_enable (bool) If set to “YES”, /etc/rc.d/zfs will attempt to auto‐
matically mount ZFS file systems and initialize ZFS volumes
(ZVOLs).
gbde_autoattach_all
(bool) If set to “YES”, /etc/rc.d/gbde will attempt to auto‐
matically initialize your .bde devices in /etc/fstab.
gbde_devices
(str) List the devices that the script should try to attach,
or “AUTO”.
gbde_lockdir
(str) The directory where the gbde(4) lockfiles are located.
The default lockfile directory is /etc.
The lockfile for each individual gbde(4) device can be over‐
ridden by setting the variable gbde_lock_⟨device⟩, where
device is the encrypted device without the “/dev/” and “.bde”
parts.
gbde_attach_attempts
(int) Number of times to attempt attaching to a gbde(4)
device, i.e., how many times the user is asked for the pass-
phrase. Default is 3.
geli_devices
(str) List of devices to automatically attach on boot. Note
that .eli devices from /etc/fstab are automatically appended
to this list.
geli_tries (int) Number of times user is asked for the pass-phrase. If
empty, it will be taken from kern.geom.eli.tries sysctl vari‐
able.
geli_default_flags
(str) Default flags to use by geli(8) when configuring disk
encryption. Flags can be configured for every device sepa‐
rately by defining geli_⟨device⟩_flags variable.
geli_autodetach
(str) Specifies if GELI devices should be marked for detach
on last close after file systems are mounted. Default is
“YES”. This can be changed for every device separately by
defining geli_⟨device⟩_autodetach variable.
geli_swap_flags
Options passed to the geli(8) utility when encrypted GEOM
providers for swap partitions are created. The default is
“-e aes -l 256 -s 4096 -d”.
root_rw_mount
(bool) Set to “YES” by default. After the file systems are
checked at boot time, the root file system is remounted as
read-write if this is set to “YES”. Diskless systems that
mount their root file system from a read-only remote NFS
share should set this to “NO” in their rc.conf.
fsck_y_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, fsck(8) will be run with the -y flag
if the initial preen of the file systems fails.
background_fsck
(bool) If set to “YES”, the system will attempt to run
fsck(8) in the background where possible.
background_fsck_delay
(int) The amount of time in seconds to sleep before starting
a background fsck(8). It defaults to sixty seconds to allow
large applications such as the X server to start before disk
I/O bandwidth is monopolized by fsck(8). If set to a nega‐
tive number, the background file system check will be delayed
indefinitely to allow the administrator to run it at a more
convenient time. For example it may be run from cron(8) by
adding a line like
0 4 * * * root /etc/rc.d/bgfsck forcestart
to /etc/crontab.
netfs_types
(str) List of file system types that are network-based. This
list should generally not be modified by end users. Use
extra_netfs_types instead.
extra_netfs_types
(str) If set to something other than “NO” (the default), this
variable extends the list of file system types for which
automatic mounting at startup by rc(8) should be delayed
until the network is initialized. It should contain a white‐
space-separated list of network file system descriptor pairs,
each consisting of a file system type as passed to mount(8)
and a human-readable, one-word description, joined with a
colon (‘:’). Extending the default list in this way is only
necessary when third party file system types are used.
syslogd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the syslogd(8) daemon.
syslogd_program
(str) Path to syslogd(8) (default /usr/sbin/syslogd).
syslogd_flags
(str) If syslogd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags
to pass to syslogd(8).
inetd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the inetd(8) daemon.
inetd_program
(str) Path to inetd(8) (default /usr/sbin/inetd).
inetd_flags
(str) If inetd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags to
pass to inetd(8).
hastd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the hastd(8) daemon.
hastd_program
(str) Path to hastd(8) (default /sbin/hastd).
hastd_flags
(str) If hastd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags to
pass to hastd(8).
named_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the named(8) daemon.
named_program
(str) Path to named(8) (default /usr/sbin/named).
named_conf (str) Path to named(8) configuration file, (default
/etc/namedb/named.conf).
named_flags
(str) If named_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags to
pass to named(8).
named_pidfile
(str) This is the default path to the named(8) daemon's PID
file. This must match the location in named.conf(5).
named_uid (str) The user that the named(8) process should be run as.
named_chrootdir
(str) The root directory for a name server run in a chroot(8)
environment (default /var/named). If left empty named(8)
will not be run in a chroot(8) environment.
named_chroot_autoupdate
(bool) Set to “NO” to disable automatic update of the
chroot(8) environment.
named_symlink_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” to disable symlinking of daemon's PID file
into the chroot(8) environment.
named_wait (bool) Set to have /etc/rc.d/named loop until working name
service is established.
named_wait_host
(str) Name of host to lookup for the named_wait option.
(Default localhost)
named_auto_forward
(bool) Set to enable automatic creation of a forwarder con‐
figuration file derived from /etc/resolv.conf.
named_auto_forward_only
(bool) Set to change the default forwarder configuration from
“forward first” to “forward only”.
kerberos5_server_enable
(bool) Set to “YES” to start a Kerberos 5 authentication
server at boot time.
kerberos5_server
(str) If kerberos5_server_enable is set to “YES” this is the
path to Kerberos 5 Authentication Server.
kerberos5_server_flags
(str) Empty by default. This variable contains additional
flags to be passed to the Kerberos 5 authentication server.
kadmind5_server_enable
(bool) Set to “YES” to start kadmind(8), the Kerberos 5
Administration Daemon; set to “NO” on a slave server.
kadmind5_server
(str) If kadmind5_server_enable is set to “YES” this is the
path to Kerberos 5 Administration Daemon.
kpasswdd_server_enable
(bool) Set to “YES” to start kpasswdd(8), the Kerberos 5
Password-Changing Daemon; set to “NO” on a slave server.
kpasswdd_server
(str) If kpasswdd_server_enable is set to “YES” this is the
path to Kerberos 5 Password-Changing Daemon.
rwhod_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the rwhod(8) daemon at boot time.
rwhod_flags
(str) If rwhod_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags to
pass to it.
amd_enable (bool) If set to “YES”, run the amd(8) daemon at boot time.
amd_flags (str) If amd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags to
pass to it. See the amd(8) manpage for more information.
amd_map_program
(str) If set, the specified program is run to get the list of
amd(8) maps. For example, if the amd(8) maps are stored in
NIS, one can set this to run ypcat(1) to get a list of amd(8)
maps from the amd.master NIS map.
update_motd
(bool) If set to “YES”, /etc/motd will be updated at boot
time to reflect the kernel release being run. If set to
“NO”, /etc/motd will not be updated.
nfs_client_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the NFS client daemons at boot
time.
nfs_access_cache
(int) If nfs_client_enable is set to “YES”, this can be set
to “0” to disable NFS ACCESS RPC caching, or to the number of
seconds for which NFS ACCESS results should be cached. A
value of 2-10 seconds will substantially reduce network traf‐
fic for many NFS operations.
nfs_server_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the NFS server daemons at boot
time.
nfs_server_flags
(str) If nfs_server_enable is set to “YES”, these are the
flags to pass to the nfsd(8) daemon.
idmapd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the ID mapping daemon for NFS
version 4.
idmapd_flags
(str) If idmapd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags
to pass to the idmapd(8) daemon.
mountd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, and no nfs_server_enable is set,
start mountd(8), but not nfsd(8) daemon. It is commonly
needed to run CFS without real NFS used.
mountd_flags
(str) If mountd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags
to pass to the mountd(8) daemon.
weak_mountd_authentication
(bool) If set to “YES”, allow services like PCNFSD to make
non-privileged mount requests.
nfs_reserved_port_only
(bool) If set to “YES”, provide NFS services only on a secure
port.
nfs_bufpackets
(int) If set to a number, indicates the number of packets
worth of socket buffer space to reserve on an NFS client.
The kernel default is typically 4. Using a higher number may
be useful on gigabit networks to improve performance. The
minimum value is 2 and the maximum is 64.
rpc_lockd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES” and also an NFS server or client, run
rpc.lockd(8) at boot time.
rpc_lockd_flags
(str) If rpc_lockd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the
flags to pass to the rpc.lockd(8) daemon.
rpc_statd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES” and also an NFS server or client, run
rpc.statd(8) at boot time.
rpc_statd_flags
(str) If rpc_statd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the
flags to pass to the rpc.statd(8) daemon.
rpcbind_program
(str) Path to rpcbind(8) (default /usr/sbin/rpcbind).
rpcbind_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the rpcbind(8) service at boot
time.
rpcbind_flags
(str) If rpcbind_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags
to pass to the rpcbind(8) daemon.
keyserv_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the keyserv(8) daemon on boot for
running Secure RPC.
keyserv_flags
(str) If keyserv_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags
to pass to keyserv(8) daemon.
pppoed_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the pppoed(8) daemon at boot time
to provide PPP over Ethernet services.
pppoed_⟨provider⟩
(str) pppoed(8) listens to requests to this provider and
ultimately runs ppp(8) with a system argument of the same
name.
pppoed_flags
(str) Additional flags to pass to pppoed(8).
pppoed_interface
(str) The network interface to run pppoed(8) on. This is
mandatory when pppoed_enable is set to “YES”.
timed_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the timed(8) service at boot
time. This command is intended for networks of machines
where a consistent “network time” for all hosts must be
established. This is often useful in large NFS environments
where time stamps on files are expected to be consistent net‐
work-wide.
timed_flags
(str) If timed_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags to
pass to the timed(8) service.
ntpdate_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run ntpdate(8) at system startup.
This command is intended to synchronize the system clock only
once from some standard reference. An option to set this up
initially (from a list of known servers) is also provided by
the sysinstall(8) program when the system is first installed.
ntpdate_config
(str) Configuration file for ntpdate(8). Default
/etc/ntp.conf.
ntpdate_hosts
(str) A whitespace-separated list of NTP servers to synchro‐
nize with at startup. The default is to use the servers
listed in ntpdate_config, if that file exists.
ntpdate_program
(str) Path to ntpdate(8) (default /usr/sbin/ntpdate).
ntpdate_flags
(str) If ntpdate_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags
to pass to the ntpdate(8) command (typically a hostname).
ntpd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the ntpd(8) command at boot time.
ntpd_program
(str) Path to ntpd(8) (default /usr/sbin/ntpd).
ntpd_config
(str) Path to ntpd(8) configuration file. Default
/etc/ntp.conf.
ntpd_flags (str) If ntpd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags to
pass to the ntpd(8) daemon.
ntpd_sync_on_start
(bool) If set to “YES”, ntpd(8) is run with the -g flag,
which syncs the system's clock on startup. See ntpd(8) for
more information regarding the -g option. This is a pre‐
ferred alternative to using ntpdate(8) or specifying the
ntpdate_enable variable.
nis_client_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the ypbind(8) service at system
boot time.
nis_client_flags
(str) If nis_client_enable is set to “YES”, these are the
flags to pass to the ypbind(8) service.
nis_ypset_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the ypset(8) daemon at system
boot time.
nis_ypset_flags
(str) If nis_ypset_enable is set to “YES”, these are the
flags to pass to the ypset(8) daemon.
nis_server_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the ypserv(8) daemon at system
boot time.
nis_server_flags
(str) If nis_server_enable is set to “YES”, these are the
flags to pass to the ypserv(8) daemon.
nis_ypxfrd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the rpc.ypxfrd(8) daemon at sys‐
tem boot time.
nis_ypxfrd_flags
(str) If nis_ypxfrd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the
flags to pass to the rpc.ypxfrd(8) daemon.
nis_yppasswdd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the rpc.yppasswdd(8) daemon at
system boot time.
nis_yppasswdd_flags
(str) If nis_yppasswdd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the
flags to pass to the rpc.yppasswdd(8) daemon.
rpc_ypupdated_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the rpc.ypupdated daemon at sys‐
tem boot time.
bsnmpd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the bsnmpd(1) daemon at system
boot time. Be sure to understand the security implications
of running SNMP daemon on your host.
bsnmpd_flags
(str) If bsnmpd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags
to pass to the bsnmpd(1) daemon.
defaultrouter
(str) If not set to “NO”, create a default route to this host
name or IP address (use an IP address if this router is also
required to get to the name server!).
ipv6_defaultrouter
(str) The IPv6 equivalent of defaultrouter.
static_arp_pairs
(str) Set to the list of static ARP pairs that are to be
added at system boot time. For each whitespace separated
element in the value, a static_arp_⟨element⟩ variable is
assumed to exist whose contents will later be passed to a
“arp -S” operation. For example
static_arp_pairs="gw"
static_arp_gw="192.168.1.1 00:01:02:03:04:05"
static_routes
(str) Set to the list of static routes that are to be added
at system boot time. If not set to “NO” then for each white‐
space separated element in the value, a route_⟨element⟩ vari‐
able is assumed to exist whose contents will later be passed
to a “route add” operation. For example:
static_routes="mcast gif0local"
route_mcast="-net 224.0.0.0/4 -iface gif0"
route_gif0local="-host 169.254.1.1 -iface lo0"
ipv6_static_routes
(str) The IPv6 equivalent of static_routes. If not set to
“NO” then for each whitespace separated element in the value,
a ipv6_route_⟨element⟩ variable is assumed to exist whose
contents will later be passed to a “route add -inet6” opera‐
tion.
natm_static_routes
(str) The natmip(4) equivalent of static_routes. If not
empty then for each whitespace separated element in the
value, a route_⟨element⟩ variable is assumed to exist whose
contents will later be passed to a “atmconfig natm add” oper‐
ation.
gateway_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, configure host to act as an IP
router, e.g. to forward packets between interfaces.
ipv6_gateway_enable
(bool) The IPv6 equivalent of gateway_enable.
router_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run a routing daemon of some sort,
based on the settings of router and router_flags.
ipv6_router_enable
(bool) The IPv6 equivalent of router_enable. If set to
“YES”, run a routing daemon of some sort, based on the set‐
tings of ipv6_router and ipv6_router_flags.
router (str) If router_enable is set to “YES”, this is the name of
the routing daemon to use.
ipv6_router
(str) The IPv6 equivalent of router.
router_flags
(str) If router_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags
to pass to the routing daemon.
ipv6_router_flags
(str) The IPv6 equivalent of router_flags.
mrouted_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the multicast routing daemon,
mrouted(8).
mroute6d_enable
(bool) The IPv6 equivalent of mrouted_enable. If set to
“YES”, run the IPv6 multicast routing daemon.
Note that multicast routing daemons are no longer included in
the FreeBSD base system, however, both mrouted(8) and
pim6dd(8) may be installed from the FreeBSD Ports Collection.
mrouted_flags
(str) If mrouted_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags
to pass to the mrouted(8) daemon.
mroute6d_flags
(str) The IPv6 equivalent of mrouted_flags. If
mroute6d_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags passed
to the IPv6 multicast routing daemon.
mroute6d_program
(str) If mroute6d_enable is set to “YES”, this is the path to
the IPv6 multicast routing daemon.
rtadvd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the rtadvd(8) daemon at boot
time. rtadvd(8) will only run if ipv6_gateway_enable is also
set to “YES”. The rtadvd(8) utility sends router advertise‐
ment packets to the interfaces specified in rtadvd_interfaces
and should only be enabled with great care. You may want to
fine-tune rtadvd.conf(5).
rtadvd_interfaces
(str) If rtadvd_enable is set to “YES” this is the list of
interfaces to use.
ipxgateway_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, enable the routing of IPX traffic.
ipxrouted_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the IPXrouted(8) daemon at system
boot time.
ipxrouted_flags
(str) If ipxrouted_enable is set to “YES”, these are the
flags to pass to the IPXrouted(8) daemon.
arpproxy_all
(bool) If set to “YES”, enable global proxy ARP.
forward_sourceroute
(bool) If set to “YES” and gateway_enable is also set to
“YES”, source-routed packets are forwarded.
accept_sourceroute
(bool) If set to “YES”, the system will accept source-routed
packets directed at it.
rarpd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the rarpd(8) daemon at system
boot time.
rarpd_flags
(str) If rarpd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags to
pass to the rarpd(8) daemon.
bootparamd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the bootparamd(8) daemon at sys‐
tem boot time.
bootparamd_flags
(str) If bootparamd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the
flags to pass to the bootparamd(8) daemon.
stf_interface_ipv4addr
(str) If not set to “NO”, this is the local IPv4 address for
6to4 (IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling interface). Specify this
entry to enable the 6to4 interface.
stf_interface_ipv4plen
(int) Prefix length for 6to4 IPv4 addresses, to limit peer
address range. An effective value is 0-31.
stf_interface_ipv6_ifid
(str) IPv6 interface ID for stf(4). This can be set to
“AUTO”.
stf_interface_ipv6_slaid
(str) IPv6 Site Level Aggregator for stf(4).
ipv6_faith_prefix
(str) If not set to “NO”, this is the faith prefix to enable
a FAITH IPv6-to-IPv4 TCP translator. You also need faithd(8)
setup.
ipv6_ipv4mapping
(bool) If set to “YES” this enables IPv4 mapped IPv6 address
communication (like ::ffff:a.b.c.d).
atm_enable (bool) Set to “YES” to enable the configuration of ATM inter‐
faces at system boot time. For all of the ATM variables
described below, please refer to the atm(8) manual page for
further details on the available command parameters. Also
refer to the files in /usr/share/examples/atm for more
detailed configuration information.
atm_load (str) This is a list of physical ATM interface drivers to
load. Typical values are “hfa_pci” and/or “hea_pci”.
atm_netif_⟨intf⟩
(str) For the ATM physical interface intf, this variable
defines the name prefix and count for the ATM network inter‐
faces to be created. The value will be passed as the parame‐
ters of an “atm set netif intf” command.
atm_sigmgr_⟨intf⟩
(str) For the ATM physical interface intf, this variable
defines the ATM signalling manager to be used. The value
will be passed as the parameters of an “atm attach intf” com‐
mand.
atm_prefix_⟨intf⟩
(str) For the ATM physical interface intf, this variable
defines the NSAP prefix for interfaces using a UNI signalling
manager. If set to “ILMI”, the prefix will automatically be
set via the ilmid(8) daemon. Otherwise, the value will be
passed as the parameters of an “atm set prefix intf” command.
atm_macaddr_⟨intf⟩
(str) For the ATM physical interface intf, this variable
defines the MAC address for interfaces using a UNI signalling
manager. If set to “NO”, the hardware MAC address contained
in the ATM interface card will be used. Otherwise, the value
will be passed as the parameters of an “atm set mac intf”
command.
atm_arpserver_⟨netif⟩
(str) For the ATM network interface netif, this variable
defines the ATM address for a host which is to provide ATMARP
service. This variable is only applicable to interfaces
using a UNI signalling manager. If set to “local”, this host
will become an ATMARP server. The value will be passed as
the parameters of an “atm set arpserver netif” command.
atm_scsparp_⟨netif⟩
(bool) If set to “YES”, SCSP/ATMARP service for the network
interface netif will be initiated using the scspd(8) and
atmarpd(8) daemons. This variable is only applicable if
atm_arpserver_⟨netif⟩ is set to “local”.
atm_pvcs (str) Set to the list of ATM PVCs to be added at system boot
time. For each whitespace separated element in the value, an
atm_pvc_⟨element⟩ variable is assumed to exist. The value of
each of these variables will be passed as the parameters of
an “atm add pvc” command.
atm_arps (str) Set to the list of permanent ATM ARP entries to be
added at system boot time. For each whitespace separated
element in the value, an atm_arp_⟨element⟩ variable is
assumed to exist. The value of each of these variables will
be passed as the parameters of an “atm add arp” command.
natm_interfaces
(str) Set to the list of natm(4) interfaces that will also be
used for HARP through harp(4). If this list is not empty all
interfaces in the list will be brought up with ifconfig(8)
and harp(4) will be loaded. For this to work the interface
drivers must be either compiled into the kernel or must
reside on the root partition.
keybell (str) The keyboard bell sound. Set to “normal”, “visual”,
“off”, or “NO” if the default behavior is desired. For
details, refer to the kbdcontrol(1) manpage.
keyboard (str) If set to a non-null string, the virtual console's key‐
board input is set to this device.
keymap (str) If set to “NO”, no keymap is installed, otherwise the
value is used to install the keymap file in
/usr/share/syscons/keymaps/⟨value⟩.kbd.
keyrate (str) The keyboard repeat speed. Set to “slow”, “normal”,
“fast”, or “NO” if the default behavior is desired.
keychange (str) If not set to “NO”, attempt to program the function
keys with the value. The value should be a single string of
the form: “funkey_number new_value [funkey_number new_value
...]”.
cursor (str) Can be set to the value of “normal”, “blink”,
“destructive”, or “NO” to set the cursor behavior explicitly
or choose the default behavior.
scrnmap (str) If set to “NO”, no screen map is installed, otherwise
the value is used to install the screen map file in
/usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps/⟨value⟩.
font8x16 (str) If set to “NO”, the default 8x16 font value is used for
screen size requests, otherwise the value in
/usr/share/syscons/fonts/⟨value⟩ is used.
font8x14 (str) If set to “NO”, the default 8x14 font value is used for
screen size requests, otherwise the value in
/usr/share/syscons/fonts/⟨value⟩ is used.
font8x8 (str) If set to “NO”, the default 8x8 font value is used for
screen size requests, otherwise the value in
/usr/share/syscons/fonts/⟨value⟩ is used.
blanktime (int) If set to “NO”, the default screen blanking interval is
used, otherwise it is set to value seconds.
saver (str) If not set to “NO”, this is the actual screen saver to
use (blank, snake, daemon, etc).
moused_nondefault_enable
(str) If set to “NO”, the mouse device specified on the com‐
mand line is not automatically treated as enabled by the
/etc/rc.d/moused script. Having this variable set to “YES”
allows a usb(4) mouse, for example, to be enabled as soon as
it is plugged in.
moused_enable
(str) If set to “YES”, the moused(8) daemon is started for
doing cut/paste selection on the console.
moused_type
(str) This is the protocol type of the mouse connected to
this host. This variable must be set if moused_enable is set
to “YES”. The moused(8) daemon is able to detect the appro‐
priate mouse type automatically in many cases. Set this
variable to “auto” to let the daemon detect it, or select one
from the following list if the automatic detection fails.
If the mouse is attached to the PS/2 mouse port, choose
“auto” or “ps/2”, regardless of the brand and model of the
mouse. Likewise, if the mouse is attached to the bus mouse
port, choose “auto” or “busmouse”. All other protocols are
for serial mice and will not work with the PS/2 and bus mice.
If this is a USB mouse, “auto” is the only protocol type
which will work.
microsoft Microsoft mouse (serial)
intellimouse Microsoft IntelliMouse (serial)
mousesystems Mouse systems Corp. mouse (serial)
mmseries MM Series mouse (serial)
logitech Logitech mouse (serial)
busmouse A bus mouse
mouseman Logitech MouseMan and TrackMan (serial)
glidepoint ALPS GlidePoint (serial)
thinkingmouse Kensington ThinkingMouse (serial)
ps/2 PS/2 mouse
mmhittab MM HitTablet (serial)
x10mouseremote X10 MouseRemote (serial)
versapad Interlink VersaPad (serial)
Even if the mouse is not in the above list, it may be compat‐
ible with one in the list. Refer to the manual page for
moused(8) for compatibility information.
It should also be noted that while this is enabled, any other
client of the mouse (such as an X server) should access the
mouse through the virtual mouse device, /dev/sysmouse, and
configure it as a “sysmouse” type mouse, since all mouse data
is converted to this single canonical format when using
moused(8). If the client program does not support the
“sysmouse” type, specify the “mousesystems” type. It is the
second preferred type.
moused_port
(str) If moused_enable is set to “YES”, this is the actual
port the mouse is on. It might be /dev/cuad0 for a COM1
serial mouse, /dev/psm0 for a PS/2 mouse or /dev/mse0 for a
bus mouse, for example.
moused_flags
(str) If moused_flags is set, its value is used as an addi‐
tional set of flags to pass to the moused(8) daemon.
moused_XXX_flags
When moused_nondefault_enable is enabled, and a moused(8)
daemon is started for a non-default port, the
moused_XXX_flags set of options has precedence over and
replaces the default moused_flags (where XXX is the name of
the non-default port, i.e. ums0). By setting
moused_XXX_flags it is possible to set up a different set of
default flags for each moused(8) instance. For example, you
can use “-3” for the default moused_flags to make your lap‐
top's touchpad more comfortable to use, but an empty set of
options for moused_ums0_flags when your usb(4) mouse has
three or more buttons.
mousechar_start
(int) If set to “NO”, the default mouse cursor character
range 0xd0-0xd3 is used, otherwise the range start is set to
value character, see vidcontrol(1). Use if the default range
is occupied in the language code table.
allscreens_flags
(str) If set, vidcontrol(1) is run with these options for
each of the virtual terminals (/dev/ttyv*). For example, “-m
on” will enable the mouse pointer on all virtual terminals if
moused_enable is set to “YES”.
allscreens_kbdflags
(str) If set, kbdcontrol(1) is run with these options for
each of the virtual terminals (/dev/ttyv*). For example, “-h
200” will set the syscons(4) scrollback (history) buffer to
200 lines.
cron_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the cron(8) daemon at system boot
time.
cron_program
(str) Path to cron(8) (default /usr/sbin/cron).
cron_flags (str) If cron_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags to
pass to cron(8).
cron_dst (bool) If set to “YES”, enable the special handling of tran‐
sitions to and from the Daylight Saving Time in cron(8)
(equivalent to using the flag -s).
lpd_program
(str) Path to lpd(8) (default /usr/sbin/lpd).
lpd_enable (bool) If set to “YES”, run the lpd(8) daemon at system boot
time.
lpd_flags (str) If lpd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags to
pass to the lpd(8) daemon.
chkprintcap_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run the chkprintcap(8) command before
starting the lpd(8) daemon.
chkprintcap_flags
(str) If lpd_enable and chkprintcap_enable are set to “YES”,
these are the flags to pass to the chkprintcap(8) program.
The default is “-d”, which causes missing directories to be
created.
mta_start_script
(str) This variable specifies the full path to the script to
run to start a mail transfer agent. The default is
/etc/rc.sendmail. The sendmail_* variables which
/etc/rc.sendmail uses are documented in the rc.sendmail(8)
manual page.
dumpdev (str) Indicates the device (usually a swap partition) to
which a crash dump should be written in the event of a system
crash. If the value of this variable is “AUTO”, the first
suitable swap device listed in /etc/fstab will be used as
dump device. Otherwise, the value of this variable is passed
as the argument to dumpon(8). To disable crash dumps, set
this variable to “NO”.
dumpdir (str) When the system reboots after a crash and a crash dump
is found on the device specified by the dumpdev variable,
savecore(8) will save that crash dump and a copy of the ker‐
nel to the directory specified by the dumpdir variable. The
default value is /var/crash. Set to “NO” to not run
savecore(8) at boot time when dumpdir is set.
savecore_flags
(str) If crash dumps are enabled, these are the flags to pass
to the savecore(8) utility.
quota_enable
(bool) Set to “YES” to turn on user and group disk quotas on
system startup via the quotaon(8) command for all file sys‐
tems marked as having quotas enabled in /etc/fstab. The ker‐
nel must be built with options QUOTA for disk quotas to func‐
tion.
check_quotas
(bool) Set to “YES” to enable user and group disk quota
checking via the quotacheck(8) command.
quotacheck_flags
(str) If quota_enable is set to “YES”, and check_quotas is
set to “YES”, these are the flags to pass to the
quotacheck(8) utility. The default is “-a”, which checks
quotas for all file systems with quotas enabled in
/etc/fstab.
quotaon_flags
(str) If quota_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags to
pass to the quotaon(8) utility. The default is “-a”, which
enables quotas for all file systems with quotas enabled in
/etc/fstab.
quotaoff_flags
(str) If quota_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags to
pass to the quotaoff(8) utility when shutting down the quota
system. The default is “-a”, which disables quotas for all
file systems with quotas enabled in /etc/fstab.
accounting_enable
(bool) Set to “YES” to enable system accounting through the
accton(8) facility.
ibcs2_enable
(bool) Set to “YES” to enable iBCS2 (SCO) binary emulation at
system initial boot time.
ibcs2_loaders
(str) If not set to “NO” and if ibcs2_enable is set to “YES”,
this specifies a list of additional iBCS2 loaders to enable.
linux_enable
(bool) Set to “YES” to enable Linux/ELF binary emulation at
system initial boot time.
svr4_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, enable SysVR4 emulation at boot time.
sysvipc_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, load System V IPC primitives at boot
time.
clear_tmp_enable
(bool) Set to “YES” to have /tmp cleaned at startup.
clear_tmp_X
(bool) Set to “NO” to disable removing of X11 lock files, and
the removal and (secure) recreation of the various socket
directories for X11 related programs.
ldconfig_paths
(str) Set to the list of shared library paths to use with
ldconfig(8). NOTE: /usr/lib will always be added first, so
it need not appear in this list.
ldconfig32_paths
(str) Set to the list of 32-bit compatibility shared library
paths to use with ldconfig(8).
ldconfig_paths_aout
(str) Set to the list of shared library paths to use with
ldconfig(8) legacy a.out(5) support.
ldconfig_insecure
(bool) The ldconfig(8) utility normally refuses to use direc‐
tories which are writable by anyone except root. Set this
variable to “YES” to disable that security check during sys‐
tem startup.
ldconfig_local_dirs
(str) Set to the list of local ldconfig(8) directories. The
names of all files in the directories listed will be passed
as arguments to ldconfig(8).
ldconfig_local32_dirs
(str) Set to the list of local 32-bit compatibility
ldconfig(8) directories. The names of all files in the
directories listed will be passed as arguments to “ldconfig
-32”.
kern_securelevel_enable
(bool) Set to “YES” to set the kernel security level at sys‐
tem startup.
kern_securelevel
(int) The kernel security level to set at startup. The
allowed range of value ranges from -1 (the compile time
default) to 3 (the most secure). See security(7) for the
list of possible security levels and their effect on system
operation.
sshd_program
(str) Path to the SSH server program (/usr/sbin/sshd is the
default).
sshd_enable
(bool) Set to “YES” to start sshd(8) at system boot time.
sshd_flags (str) If sshd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the flags to
pass to the sshd(8) daemon.
ftpd_program
(str) Path to the FTP server program (/usr/libexec/ftpd is
the default).
ftpd_enable
(bool) Set to “YES” to start ftpd(8) as a stand-alone daemon
at system boot time.
ftpd_flags (str) If ftpd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the addi‐
tional flags to pass to the ftpd(8) daemon.
watchdogd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, start the watchdogd(8) daemon at boot
time. This requires that the kernel have been compiled with
a watchdog(4) compatible device.
watchdogd_flags
(str) If watchdogd_enable is set to “YES”, these are the
flags passed to the watchdogd(8) daemon.
performance_cx_lowest
(str) CPU idle state to use while on AC power. The string
“LOW” indicates that acpi(4) should use the lowest power
state available while “HIGH” indicates that the lowest
latency state (less power savings) should be used.
performance_cpu_freq
(str) CPU clock frequency to use while on AC power. The
string “LOW” indicates that cpufreq(4) should use the lowest
frequency available while “HIGH” indicates that the highest
frequency (less power savings) should be used.
economy_cx_lowest
(str) CPU idle state to use when off AC power. The string
“LOW” indicates that acpi(4) should use the lowest power
state available while “HIGH” indicates that the lowest
latency state (less power savings) should be used.
economy_cpu_freq
(str) CPU clock frequency to use when off AC power. The
string “LOW” indicates that cpufreq(4) should use the lowest
frequency available while “HIGH” indicates that the highest
frequency (less power savings) should be used.
jail_enable
(bool) If set to “NO”, any configured jails will not be
started.
jail_list (str) A space separated list of names for jails. This is
purely a configuration aid to help identify and configure
multiple jails. The names specified in this list will be
used to identify settings common to an instance of a jail,
and should contain alphanumeric characters only. Assuming
that the jail in question was named vjail, you would have the
following dependent variables:
jail_vjail_hostname="jail.example.com"
jail_vjail_ip="192.0.2.100"
jail_vjail_rootdir="/var/jails/vjail/root"
jail_flags (str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for
jail_⟨jname⟩_flags for every jail in jail_list.
jail_interface
(str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for
jail_⟨jname⟩_interface for every jail in jail_list.
jail_fstab (str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for
jail_⟨jname⟩_fstab for every jail in jail_list.
jail_mount_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. When set to “YES”, sets
jail_⟨jname⟩_mount_enable to “YES” by default for every jail
in jail_list.
jail_devfs_ruleset
(str) Unset by default. When set, sets
jail_⟨jname⟩_devfs_ruleset to given value for every jail in
jail_list.
jail_devfs_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. When set to “YES”, sets
jail_⟨jname⟩_devfs_enable to “YES” by default for every jail
in jail_list.
jail_fdescfs_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. When set to “YES”, sets
jail_⟨jname⟩_fdescfs_enable to “YES” by default for every
jail in jail_list.
jail_procfs_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. When set to “YES”, sets
jail_⟨jname⟩_fdescfs_enable to “YES” by default for every
jail in jail_list.
jail_exec_prestart⟨N⟩
(str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for
jail_⟨jname⟩_exec_prestart⟨N⟩ for every jail in jail_list.
jail_exec_start
(str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for
jail_⟨jname⟩_exec_start for every jail in jail_list.
jail_exec_afterstart⟨N⟩
(str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for
jail_⟨jname⟩_exec_afterstart⟨N⟩ for every jail in jail_list.
jail_exec_poststart⟨N⟩
(str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for
jail_⟨jname⟩_exec_poststart⟨N⟩ for every jail in jail_list.
jail_exec_prestop⟨N⟩
(str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for
jail_⟨jname⟩_exec_prestop⟨N⟩ for every jail in jail_list.
jail_exec_stop
Unset by default. When set, use as default value for
jail_⟨jname⟩_exec_stop for every jail in jail_list.
jail_exec_poststop⟨N⟩
(str) Unset by default. When set, use as default value for
jail_⟨jname⟩_exec_poststop⟨N⟩ for every jail in jail_list.
jail_⟨jname⟩_rootdir
(str) Unset by default. Set to the root directory used by
jail jname.
jail_⟨jname⟩_hostname
(str) Unset by default. Set to the fully qualified domain
name (FQDN) assigned to jail jname.
jail_⟨jname⟩_ip
(str) Unset by default. Set to the (primary) IPv4 and/or
IPv6 address(es) assigned to the jail. The argument can be a
sole address or a comma separated list of addresses. Addi‐
tionally each address can be prefixed by the name of an
interface followed by a pipe to overwrite
jail_⟨jname⟩_interface or jail_interface and/or suffixed by a
netmask, prefixlen or prefix. In case no netmask, prefixlen
or prefix is given, ‘/32’ will be used for IPv4 and ‘/128’
will be used for an IPv6 address. If no address is given for
the jail then the jail will be started with no networking
support.
jail_⟨jname⟩_ip_multi⟨n⟩
(str) Unset by default. Set additional IPv4 and/or IPv6
address(es) assigned to the jail. The sequence starts with
“_multi0” and the numbers have to be strictly ascending.
These entries follow the same syntax as their primary
jail_⟨jname⟩_ip entry. The order of the entries can be
important as the first address for each address family found
will be the primary address of the jail. See ip-addresses
option in jail(8) for more details.
jail_⟨jname⟩_flags
(str) Set to “-l -U root” by default. These are flags to
pass to jail.
jail_⟨jname⟩_interface
(str) Unset by default. When set, sets the interface to use
when setting IP address alias. Note that the alias is cre‐
ated at jail startup and removed at jail shutdown.
jail_⟨jname⟩_fib
(str) Unset by default. When set, the jail is started with
the specified forwarding table (sometimes referred to as a
routing table) via setfib(1).
jail_⟨jname⟩_fstab
(str) Set to /etc/fstab.⟨jname⟩ by default. This is the file
system information file to use for jail jname.
jail_⟨jname⟩_mount_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. When set to “YES”, mount all
file systems from jail_⟨jname⟩_fstab at jail startup.
jail_⟨jname⟩_devfs_ruleset
(str) Unset by default. When set, defines the device file
system ruleset file to use for jail jname.
jail_⟨jname⟩_devfs_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. When set to “YES”, mount the
device file system inside jail jname at jail startup.
jail_⟨jname⟩_fdescfs_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. When set to “YES”, mount the
file-descriptor file system inside jail jname at jail
startup.
jail_⟨jname⟩_procfs_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” by default. When set to “YES”, mount the
process file system inside jail jname at jail startup.
jail_⟨jname⟩_exec_prestart⟨N⟩
(str) Unset by default. This is the command run as Nth com‐
mand before jail startup, where N is 0, 1, and so on. It is
run outside the jail.
jail_⟨jname⟩_exec_start
(str) Set to “/bin/sh /etc/rc” by default. This is the com‐
mand executed in a jail at jail startup.
jail_⟨jname⟩_exec_afterstart⟨N⟩
(str) Unset by default. This is the command run as Nth com‐
mand in a jail after jail startup, where N is 1, 2, and so
on.
jail_⟨jname⟩_exec_poststart⟨N⟩
(str) Unset by default. This is the command run as Nth com‐
mand after jail startup, where N is 0, 1, and so on. It is
run outside the jail.
jail_⟨jname⟩_exec_prestop⟨N⟩
(str) Unset by default. This is the command run as Nth com‐
mand before jail shutdown, where N is 0, 1, and so on. It is
run outside the jail.
jail_⟨jname⟩_exec_stop
(str) Set to “/bin/sh /etc/rc.shutdown” by default. This is
the command executed in a jail at jail shutdown.
jail_⟨jname⟩_exec_poststop⟨N⟩
(str) Unset by default. This is the command run as Nth com‐
mand after jail shutdown, where N is 0, 1, and so on. It is
run outside the jail.
jail_set_hostname_allow
(bool) If set to “NO”, do not allow the root user in a jail
to set its hostname.
jail_socket_unixiproute_only
(bool) If set to “YES”, do not allow any sockets, besides
UNIX/IP/route sockets, to be used within a jail.
jail_sysvipc_allow
(bool) If set to “YES”, allow applications within a jail to
use System V IPC.
harvest_interrupt
(bool) Set to “YES” to use hardware interrupts as an entropy
source. Refer to random(4) for more information.
harvest_ethernet
(bool) Set to “YES” to use LAN traffic as an entropy source.
Refer to random(4) for more information.
harvest_p_to_p
(bool) Set to “YES” to use serial line traffic as an entropy
source. Refer to random(4) for more information.
entropy_dir
(str) Set to “NO” to disable caching entropy via cron(8).
Otherwise set to the directory used to store entropy files
in.
entropy_file
(str) Set to “NO” to disable caching entropy through reboots.
Otherwise set to the filename used to store cached entropy
through reboots. This file should be located on the root
file system to seed the random(4) device as early as possible
in the boot process.
entropy_save_sz
(int) Size of the entropy cache files saved by save-entropy
periodically.
entropy_save_num
(int) Number of entropy cache files to save by save-entropy
periodically.
ipsec_enable
(bool) Set to “YES” to run setkey(8) on ipsec_file at boot
time.
ipsec_file (str) Configuration file for setkey(8).
dmesg_enable
(bool) Set to “YES” to save dmesg(8) to /var/run/dmesg.boot
on boot.
rcshutdown_timeout
(int) If set, start a watchdog timer in the background which
will terminate rc.shutdown if shutdown(8) has not completed
within the specified time (in seconds). Notice that in addi‐
tion to this soft timeout, init(8) also applies a hard time‐
out for the execution of rc.shutdown. This is configured via
sysctl(8) variable kern.init_shutdown_timeout and defaults to
120 seconds. Setting the value of rcshutdown_timeout to more
than 120 seconds will have no effect until the sysctl(8)
variable kern.init_shutdown_timeout is also increased.
virecover_enable
(bool) Set to “NO” to prevent the system from trying to
recover pre-maturely terminated vi(1) sessions.
ugidfw_enable
(bool) Set to “YES” to load the mac_bsdextended(4) module
upon system initialization and load a default ruleset file.
bsdextended_script
(str) The default mac_bsdextended(4) ruleset file to load.
The default value of this variable is /etc/rc.bsdextended.
newsyslog_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, run newsyslog(8) command at startup.
newsyslog_flags
(str) If newsyslog_enable is set to “YES”, these are the
flags to pass to the newsyslog(8) program. The default is
“-CN”, which causes log files flagged with a C to be created.
mdconfig_md⟨X⟩
(str) Arguments to mdconfig(8) for md(4) device X. At mini‐
mum a -t type must be specified and either a -s size for mal‐
loc or swap backed md(4) devices or a -f file for vnode
backed md(4) devices. Note that mdconfig_md⟨X⟩ variables are
evaluated until one variable is unset or null.
mdconfig_md⟨X⟩_newfs
(str) Optional arguments passed to newfs(8) to initialize
md(4) device X.
mdconfig_md⟨X⟩_owner
(str) An ownership specification passed to chown(8) after the
specified md(4) device X has been mounted. Both the md(4)
device and the mount point will be changed.
mdconfig_md⟨X⟩_perms
(str) A mode string passed to chmod(1) after the specified
md(4) device X has been mounted. Both the md(4) device and
the mount point will be changed.
mdconfig_md⟨X⟩_files
(str) Files to be copied to the mount point of the md(4)
device X after it has been mounted.
mdconfig_md⟨X⟩_cmd
(str) Command to execute after the specified md(4) device X
has been mounted. Note that the command is passed to eval
and that both _dev and _mp variables can be used to reference
respectively the md(4) device and the mount point. Assuming
that the md(4) device is md0, one could set the following:
mdconfig_md0_cmd="tar xfzC /var/file.tgz \${_mp}"
autobridge_interfaces
(str) Set to the list of bridge interfaces that will have
newly arriving interfaces checked against to be automatically
added. If not set to “NO” then for each whitespace separated
element in the value, a autobridge_⟨element⟩ variable is
assumed to exist which has a whitespace separated list of
interface names to match, these names can use wildcards. For
example:
autobridge_interfaces="bridge0"
autobridge_bridge0="tap* dc0 vlan[345]"
mixer_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, enable support for sound mixer.
hcsecd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, enable Bluetooth security daemon.
hcsecd_config
(str) Configuration file for hcsecd(8). Default
/etc/bluetooth/hcsecd.conf.
sdpd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, enable Bluetooth Service Discovery
Protocol daemon.
sdpd_control
(str) Path to sdpd(8) control socket. Default /var/run/sdp.
sdpd_groupname
(str) Sets sdpd(8) group to run as after it initializes.
Default “nobody”.
sdpd_username
(str) Sets sdpd(8) user to run as after it initializes.
Default “nobody”.
bthidd_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, enable Bluetooth Human Interface
Device daemon.
bthidd_config
(str) Configuration file for bthidd(8). Default
/etc/bluetooth/bthidd.conf.
bthidd_hids
(str) Path to a file, where bthidd(8) will store information
about known HID devices. Default /var/db/bthidd.hids.
rfcomm_pppd_server_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, enable Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP wrapper
daemon.
rfcomm_pppd_server_profile
(str) The name of the profile to use from /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.
Multiple profiles can be specified here. Also used to spec‐
ify per-profile overrides. When the profile name contains
any of the characters “.-/+” they are translated to “_” for
the proposes of the override variable names.
rfcomm_pppd_server_⟨profile⟩_bdaddr
(str) Overrides local address to listen on. By default
rfcomm_pppd(8) will listen on “ANY” address. The address can
be specified as BD_ADDR or name.
rfcomm_pppd_server_⟨profile⟩_channel
(str) Overrides local RFCOMM channel to listen on. By
default rfcomm_pppd(8) will listen on RFCOMM channel 1. Must
set properly if multiple profiles used in the same time.
rfcomm_pppd_server_⟨profile⟩_register_sp
(bool) Tells rfcomm_pppd(8) if it should register Serial Port
service on the specified RFCOMM channel. Default “NO”.
rfcomm_pppd_server_⟨profile⟩_register_dun
(bool) Tells rfcomm_pppd(8) if it should register Dial-Up
Networking service on the specified RFCOMM channel. Default
“NO”.
ubthidhci_enable
(bool) If set to “YES”, change the USB Bluetooth controller
from HID mode to HCI mode. You also need to specify the
location of USB Bluetooth controller with the
ubthidhci_busnum and ubthidhci_addr variables.
ubthidhci_busnum
Bus number where the USB Bluetooth controller is located.
Check the output of usbconfig(8) on your system to find this
information.
ubthidhci_addr
Bus address of the USB Bluetooth controller. Check the out‐
put of usbconfig(8) on your system to find this information.
FILES
/etc/defaults/rc.conf
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/rc.conf.local
SEE ALSOcatman(1), chmod(1), gdb(1), info(1), kbdcontrol(1), makewhatis(1),
sh(1), vi(1), vidcontrol(1), bridge(4), dummynet(4), ip(4), ipf(4),
ipfw(4), ipnat(4), kld(4), pf(4), pflog(4), pfsync(4), tcp(4), udp(4),
exports(5), fstab(5), ipf(5), ipnat(5), motd(5), newsyslog.conf(5),
pf.conf(5), security(7), accton(8), amd(8), apm(8), atm(8), bthidd(8),
chkprintcap(8), chown(8), cron(8), dhclient(8), ftpd(8), geli(8),
hcsecd(8), ifconfig(8), inetd(8), ipf(8), ipfw(8), ipnat(8), jail(8),
kldxref(8), lpd(8), mdconfig(8), mdmfs(8), mixer(8), mountd(8),
moused(8), mrouted(8), named(8), newfs(8), newsyslog(8), nfsd(8),
ntpd(8), ntpdate(8), pfctl(8), pflogd(8), powerd(8), quotacheck(8),
quotaon(8), rc(8), rc.sendmail(8), rfcomm_pppd(8), route(8), routed(8),
rpcbind(8), rpc.lockd(8), rpc.statd(8), rwhod(8), savecore(8), sdpd(8),
sshd(8), swapon(8), sysctl(8), syslogd(8), timed(8), usbconfig(8),
wlandebug(8), yp(8), ypbind(8), ypserv(8), ypset(8)HISTORY
The rc.conf file appeared in FreeBSD 2.2.2.
AUTHORS
Jordan K. Hubbard.
BSD November 13, 2010 BSD