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TIMERFD_CREATE(2)	   Linux Programmer's Manual	     TIMERFD_CREATE(2)

NAME
       timerfd_create,	timerfd_settime,  timerfd_gettime - timers that notify
       via file descriptors

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/timerfd.h>

       int timerfd_create(int clockid, int flags);

       int timerfd_settime(int fd, int flags,
			   const struct itimerspec *new_value,
			   struct itimerspec *old_value);

       int timerfd_gettime(int fd, struct itimerspec *curr_value);

DESCRIPTION
       These system calls create and operate on a timer	 that  delivers	 timer
       expiration notifications via a file descriptor.	They provide an alter‐
       native to the use of setitimer(2) or timer_create(2), with  the	advan‐
       tage  that  the file descriptor may be monitored by select(2), poll(2),
       and epoll(7).

       The use of these	 three	system	calls  is  analogous  to  the  use  of
       timer_create(2),	 timer_settime(2), and timer_gettime(2).  (There is no
       analog of timer_getoverrun(2), since that functionality is provided  by
       read(2), as described below.)

   timerfd_create()
       timerfd_create()	 creates  a  new  timer	 object,  and  returns	a file
       descriptor that refers to that timer.  The clockid  argument  specifies
       the  clock  that is used to mark the progress of the timer, and must be
       either CLOCK_REALTIME or CLOCK_MONOTONIC.  CLOCK_REALTIME is a settable
       system-wide  clock.  CLOCK_MONOTONIC is a nonsettable clock that is not
       affected by discontinuous changes in the	 system	 clock	(e.g.,	manual
       changes to system time).	 The current value of each of these clocks can
       be retrieved using clock_gettime(2).

       Starting with Linux 2.6.27, the following values may be bitwise ORed in
       flags to change the behavior of timerfd_create():

       TFD_NONBLOCK  Set  the O_NONBLOCK file status flag on the new open file
		     description.   Using  this	 flag  saves  extra  calls  to
		     fcntl(2) to achieve the same result.

       TFD_CLOEXEC   Set  the  close-on-exec (FD_CLOEXEC) flag on the new file
		     descriptor.  See the description of the O_CLOEXEC flag in
		     open(2) for reasons why this may be useful.

       In  Linux  versions up to and including 2.6.26, flags must be specified
       as zero.

   timerfd_settime()
       timerfd_settime() arms (starts) or disarms (stops) the  timer  referred
       to by the file descriptor fd.

       The  new_value  argument	 specifies the initial expiration and interval
       for the timer.  The itimer structure used for  this  argument  contains
       two fields, each of which is in turn a structure of type timespec:

	   struct timespec {
	       time_t tv_sec;		     /* Seconds */
	       long   tv_nsec;		     /* Nanoseconds */
	   };

	   struct itimerspec {
	       struct timespec it_interval;  /* Interval for periodic timer */
	       struct timespec it_value;     /* Initial expiration */
	   };

       new_value.it_value  specifies  the  initial expiration of the timer, in
       seconds and nanoseconds.	 Setting either field of new_value.it_value to
       a   nonzero   value   arms   the	  timer.    Setting   both  fields  of
       new_value.it_value to zero disarms the timer.

       Setting one or both fields of new_value.it_interval to  nonzero	values
       specifies  the  period,	in seconds and nanoseconds, for repeated timer
       expirations  after  the	initial	 expiration.   If   both   fields   of
       new_value.it_interval  are  zero,  the  timer expires just once, at the
       time specified by new_value.it_value.

       The  flags  argument  is	 either	 0,  to	  start	  a   relative	 timer
       (new_value.it_value  specifies  a time relative to the current value of
       the clock specified by clockid),	 or  TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME,	 to  start  an
       absolute	 timer	(new_value.it_value specifies an absolute time for the
       clock specified by clockid; that is, the timer  will  expire  when  the
       value of that clock reaches the value specified in new_value.it_value).

       If  the	old_value  argument is not NULL, then the itimerspec structure
       that it points to is used to return the setting of the timer  that  was
       current	at  the	 time of the call; see the description of timerfd_get‐
       time() following.

   timerfd_gettime()
       timerfd_gettime() returns, in curr_value, an itimerspec structure  that
       contains	 the  current  setting	of  the	 timer referred to by the file
       descriptor fd.

       The it_value field returns the amount of time until the timer will next
       expire.	 If  both fields of this structure are zero, then the timer is
       currently disarmed.  This  field	 always	 contains  a  relative	value,
       regardless  of  whether	the  TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME flag was specified when
       setting the timer.

       The it_interval field returns the  interval  of	the  timer.   If  both
       fields of this structure are zero, then the timer is set to expire just
       once, at the time specified by curr_value.it_value.

   Operating on a timer file descriptor
       The file descriptor returned by timerfd_create() supports the following
       operations:

       read(2)
	      If  the  timer  has  already expired one or more times since its
	      settings were last modified using	 timerfd_settime(),  or	 since
	      the  last	 successful  read(2), then the buffer given to read(2)
	      returns an unsigned 8-byte  integer  (uint64_t)  containing  the
	      number  of  expirations that have occurred.  (The returned value
	      is in host byte order, i.e., the native byte order for  integers
	      on the host machine.)

	      If  no  timer  expirations  have	occurred  at  the  time of the
	      read(2), then the call either blocks until the next timer	 expi‐
	      ration,  or  fails  with the error EAGAIN if the file descriptor
	      has been made nonblocking (via the use of the  fcntl(2)  F_SETFL
	      operation to set the O_NONBLOCK flag).

	      A	 read(2)  will	fail  with the error EINVAL if the size of the
	      supplied buffer is less than 8 bytes.

       poll(2), select(2) (and similar)
	      The file descriptor is readable (the select(2) readfds argument;
	      the  poll(2)  POLLIN flag) if one or more timer expirations have
	      occurred.

	      The file descriptor also supports the other file-descriptor mul‐
	      tiplexing APIs: pselect(2), ppoll(2), and epoll(7).

       close(2)
	      When  the	 file  descriptor  is  no longer required it should be
	      closed.  When all file  descriptors  associated  with  the  same
	      timer  object  have  been	 closed, the timer is disarmed and its
	      resources are freed by the kernel.

   fork(2) semantics
       After a fork(2), the child inherits a copy of the file descriptor  cre‐
       ated  by	 timerfd_create().   The  file	descriptor  refers to the same
       underlying timer object as the corresponding  file  descriptor  in  the
       parent, and read(2)s in the child will return information about expira‐
       tions of the timer.

   execve(2) semantics
       A file descriptor  created  by  timerfd_create()	 is  preserved	across
       execve(2), and continues to generate timer expirations if the timer was
       armed.

RETURN VALUE
       On success, timerfd_create() returns a new file descriptor.  On	error,
       -1 is returned and errno is set to indicate the error.

       timerfd_settime()  and  timerfd_gettime() return 0 on success; on error
       they return -1, and set errno to indicate the error.

ERRORS
       timerfd_create() can fail with the following errors:

       EINVAL The clockid argument is neither CLOCK_MONOTONIC nor  CLOCK_REAL‐
	      TIME;

       EINVAL flags  is	 invalid;  or,	in  Linux  2.6.26 or earlier, flags is
	      nonzero.

       EMFILE The per-process limit of open file descriptors has been reached.

       ENFILE The system-wide limit on the total number of open files has been
	      reached.

       ENODEV Could not mount (internal) anonymous inode device.

       ENOMEM There was insufficient kernel memory to create the timer.

       timerfd_settime()  and  timerfd_gettime()  can  fail with the following
       errors:

       EBADF  fd is not a valid file descriptor.

       EFAULT new_value, old_value, or curr_value is not valid a pointer.

       EINVAL fd is not a valid timerfd file descriptor.

       timerfd_settime() can also fail with the following errors:

       EINVAL new_value is not properly initialized (one of the tv_nsec	 falls
	      outside the range zero to 999,999,999).

       EINVAL flags is invalid.

VERSIONS
       These system calls are available on Linux since kernel 2.6.25.  Library
       support is provided by glibc since version 2.8.

CONFORMING TO
       These system calls are Linux-specific.

BUGS
       Currently, timerfd_create() supports fewer  types  of  clock  IDs  than
       timer_create(2).

EXAMPLE
       The  following  program creates a timer and then monitors its progress.
       The program accepts up to  three	 command-line  arguments.   The	 first
       argument	 specifies the number of seconds for the initial expiration of
       the timer.  The second argument specifies the interval for  the	timer,
       in  seconds.  The third argument specifies the number of times the pro‐
       gram should allow the timer to expire before terminating.   The	second
       and third command-line arguments are optional.

       The following shell session demonstrates the use of the program:

	   $ a.out 3 1 100
	   0.000: timer started
	   3.000: read: 1; total=1
	   4.000: read: 1; total=2
	   ^Z		       # type control-Z to suspend the program
	   [1]+	 Stopped		 ./timerfd3_demo 3 1 100
	   $ fg		       # Resume execution after a few seconds
	   a.out 3 1 100
	   9.660: read: 5; total=7
	   10.000: read: 1; total=8
	   11.000: read: 1; total=9
	   ^C		       # type control-C to suspend the program

   Program source

       #include <sys/timerfd.h>
       #include <time.h>
       #include <unistd.h>
       #include <stdlib.h>
       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <stdint.h>	  /* Definition of uint64_t */

       #define handle_error(msg) \
	       do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)

       static void
       print_elapsed_time(void)
       {
	   static struct timespec start;
	   struct timespec curr;
	   static int first_call = 1;
	   int secs, nsecs;

	   if (first_call) {
	       first_call = 0;
	       if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &start) == -1)
		   handle_error("clock_gettime");
	   }

	   if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &curr) == -1)
	       handle_error("clock_gettime");

	   secs = curr.tv_sec - start.tv_sec;
	   nsecs = curr.tv_nsec - start.tv_nsec;
	   if (nsecs < 0) {
	       secs--;
	       nsecs += 1000000000;
	   }
	   printf("%d.%03d: ", secs, (nsecs + 500000) / 1000000);
       }

       int
       main(int argc, char *argv[])
       {
	   struct itimerspec new_value;
	   int max_exp, fd;
	   struct timespec now;
	   uint64_t exp, tot_exp;
	   ssize_t s;

	   if ((argc != 2) && (argc != 4)) {
	       fprintf(stderr, "%s init-secs [interval-secs max-exp]\n",
		       argv[0]);
	       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	   }

	   if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &now) == -1)
	       handle_error("clock_gettime");

	   /* Create a CLOCK_REALTIME absolute timer with initial
	      expiration and interval as specified in command line */

	   new_value.it_value.tv_sec = now.tv_sec + atoi(argv[1]);
	   new_value.it_value.tv_nsec = now.tv_nsec;
	   if (argc == 2) {
	       new_value.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
	       max_exp = 1;
	   } else {
	       new_value.it_interval.tv_sec = atoi(argv[2]);
	       max_exp = atoi(argv[3]);
	   }
	   new_value.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0;

	   fd = timerfd_create(CLOCK_REALTIME, 0);
	   if (fd == -1)
	       handle_error("timerfd_create");

	   if (timerfd_settime(fd, TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME, &new_value, NULL) == -1)
	       handle_error("timerfd_settime");

	   print_elapsed_time();
	   printf("timer started\n");

	   for (tot_exp = 0; tot_exp < max_exp;) {
	       s = read(fd, &exp, sizeof(uint64_t));
	       if (s != sizeof(uint64_t))
		   handle_error("read");

	       tot_exp += exp;
	       print_elapsed_time();
	       printf("read: %llu; total=%llu\n",
		       (unsigned long long) exp,
		       (unsigned long long) tot_exp);
	   }

	   exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
       }

SEE ALSO
       eventfd(2),  poll(2),  read(2),	select(2),  setitimer(2), signalfd(2),
       timer_create(2), timer_gettime(2), timer_settime(2), epoll(7), time(7)

COLOPHON
       This page is part of release 3.54 of the Linux  man-pages  project.   A
       description  of	the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
       be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Linux				  2011-09-14		     TIMERFD_CREATE(2)
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