termcap man page on BSDOS

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TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

NAME
       terminfo - terminal capability data base

SYNOPSIS
       /usr/share/terminfo/*/*

DESCRIPTION
       Terminfo	 is  a	data  base  describing terminals, used by
       screen-oriented programs	 such  as  nvi(1),  rogue(1)  and
       libraries such as curses(3).  Terminfo describes terminals
       by giving a set of capabilities which they have, by speci-
       fying  how to perform screen operations, and by specifying
       padding requirements and initialization sequences.

       Entries in terminfo consist of a sequence of `,' separated
       fields  (embedded  commas may be escaped with a	backslash
       or notated as \072).  White space after the `,'	separator
       is  ignored.   The first entry for each terminal gives the
       names which are known for the terminal, separated  by  `|'
       characters.   The  first	 name  given  is  the most common
       abbreviation for the terminal, the last name given  should
       be  a  long  name  fully identifying the terminal, and all
       others are understood as synonyms for the  terminal  name.
       All names but the last should be in lower case and contain
       no blanks; the last name may well contain upper	case  and
       blanks for readability.

       Terminal names (except for the last, verbose entry) should
       be chosen using the following conventions.  The particular
       piece  of  hardware  making  up the terminal should have a
       root name, thus ``hp2621''.  This name should not  contain
       hyphens.	 Modes that the hardware can be in, or user pref-
       erences, should be indicated by appending a hyphen  and	a
       mode  suffix.   Thus,  a vt100 in 132 column mode would be
       vt100-w.	 The following suffixes should be used where pos-
       sible:

      Suffix		      Meaning			Example
      -nn      Number of lines on the screen		aaa-60
      -np      Number of pages of memory		c100-4p
      -am      With automargins (usually the default)	vt100-am
      -m       Mono mode; suppress color		ansi-m
      -mc      Magic cookie; spaces when highlighting	wy30-mc
      -na      No arrow keys (leave them in local)	c100-na
      -nam     Without automatic margins		vt100-nam
      -nl      No status line				att4415-nl
      -ns      No status line				hp2626-ns
      -rv      Reverse video				c100-rv
      -s       Enable status line			vt100-s
      -vb      Use visible bell instead of beep		wy370-vb
      -w       Wide mode (> 80 columns, usually 132)	vt100-w

       For  more  on terminal naming conventions, see the term(7)
       manual page.

								1

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

   Capabilities
       The following is a  complete  table  of	the  capabilities
       included	 in a terminfo description block and available to
       terminfo-using code.  In each line of the table,

       The variable is the name by which the programmer	 (at  the
       terminfo level) accesses the capability.

       The  capname  is	 the  short  name used in the text of the
       database, and is used by a person updating  the	database.
       Whenever	 possible,  capnames are chosen to be the same as
       or similar to the ANSI X3.64-1979 standard (now superseded
       by  ECMA-48,  which uses identical or very similar names).
       Semantics are also intended to match those of the specifi-
       cation.

       The  termcap code is the old termcap capability name (some
       capabilities are new, and have names which termcap did not
       originate).

       Capability  names have no hard length limit, but an infor-
       mal limit of 5 characters has been adopted  to  keep  them
       short  and  to  allow  the tabs in the source file Caps to
       line up nicely.

       Finally, the description	 field	attempts  to  convey  the
       semantics  of  the capability.  You may find some codes in
       the description field:

       (P)    indicates that padding may be specified

       #[1-9] in the description field indicates that the  string
	      is passed through tparm with parms as given (#i).

       (P*)   indicates	 that  padding	may vary in proportion to
	      the number of lines affected

       (#i)   indicates the ith parameter.

       These are the boolean capabilities:

	       Variable		 Cap-  TCap	 Description
	       Booleans		 name  Code
       auto_left_margin		 bw    bw    cub1 wraps from col-
					     umn 0 to last column
       auto_right_margin	 am    am    terminal has auto-
					     matic margins
       back_color_erase		 bce   ut    screen erased with
					     background color
       can_change		 ccc   cc    terminal can re-
					     define existing col-
					     ors

								2

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       ceol_standout_glitch	 xhp   xs    standout not erased
					     by overwriting (hp)
       col_addr_glitch		 xhpa  YA    only positive motion
					     for hpa/mhpa caps
       cpi_changes_res		 cpix  YF    changing character
					     pitch changes reso-
					     lution
       cr_cancels_micro_mode	 crxm  YB    using cr turns off
					     micro mode
       dest_tabs_magic_smso	 xt    xt    tabs destructive,
					     magic so char
					     (t1061)
       eat_newline_glitch	 xenl  xn    newline ignored
					     after 80 cols (con-
					     cept)
       erase_overstrike		 eo    eo    can erase over-
					     strikes with a blank
       generic_type		 gn    gn    generic line type
       hard_copy		 hc    hc    hardcopy terminal
       hard_cursor		 chts  HC    cursor is hard to
					     see
       has_meta_key		 km    km    Has a meta key
					     (shift, sets parity
					     bit)
       has_print_wheel		 daisy YC    printer needs opera-
					     tor to change char-
					     acter set
       has_status_line		 hs    hs    has extra status
					     line
       hue_lightness_saturation	 hls   hl    terminal uses only
					     HLS color notation
					     (Tektronix)
       insert_null_glitch	 in    in    insert mode distin-
					     guishes nulls
       lpi_changes_res		 lpix  YG    changing line pitch
					     changes resolution
       memory_above		 da    da    display may be
					     retained above the
					     screen
       memory_below		 db    db    display may be
					     retained below the
					     screen
       move_insert_mode		 mir   mi    safe to move while
					     in insert mode
       move_standout_mode	 msgr  ms    safe to move while
					     in standout mode
       needs_xon_xoff		 nxon  nx    padding won't work,
					     xon/xoff required
       no_esc_ctlc		 xsb   xb    beehive (f1=escape,
					     f2=ctrl C)
       no_pad_char		 npc   NP    pad character does
					     not exist

								3

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       non_dest_scroll_region	 ndscr ND    scrolling region is
					     non-destructive
       non_rev_rmcup		 nrrmc NR    smcup does not
					     reverse rmcup
       over_strike		 os    os    terminal can over-
					     strike
       prtr_silent		 mc5i  5i    printer won't echo
					     on screen
       row_addr_glitch		 xvpa  YD    only positive motion
					     for vpa/mvpa caps
       semi_auto_right_margin	 sam   YE    printing in last
					     column causes cr
       status_line_esc_ok	 eslok es    escape can be used
					     on the status line
       tilde_glitch		 hz    hz    can't print ~'s
					     (hazeltine)
       transparent_underline	 ul    ul    underline character
					     overstrikes
       xon_xoff			 xon   xo    terminal uses
					     xon/xoff handshaking

       These are the numeric capabilities:

	    Variable	     Cap-     TCap	 Description
	     Numeric	     name     Code
       columns		     cols     co     number of columns in
					     a line
       init_tabs	     it	      it     tabs initially every
					     # spaces
       label_height	     lh	      lh     rows in each label
       label_width	     lw	      lw     columns in each
					     label
       lines		     lines    li     number of lines on
					     screen or page
       lines_of_memory	     lm	      lm     lines of memory if >
					     line. 0 means varies
       magic_cookie_glitch   xmc      sg     number of blank
					     characters left by
					     smso or rmso
       max_attributes	     ma	      ma     maximum combined
					     attributes terminal
					     can handle
       max_colors	     colors   Co     maximum number of
					     colors on screen
       max_pairs	     pairs    pa     maximum number of
					     color-pairs on the
					     screen
       maximum_windows	     wnum     MW     maximum number of
					     defineable windows
       no_color_video	     ncv      NC     video attributes
					     that can't be used
					     with colors

								4

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       num_labels	     nlab     Nl     number of labels on
					     screen
       padding_baud_rate     pb	      pb     lowest baud rate
					     where padding needed
       virtual_terminal	     vt	      vt     virtual terminal
					     number (CB/unix)
       width_status_line     wsl      ws     number of columns in
					     status line

       The following numeric  capabilities  are	 present  in  the
       SVr4.0  term  structure, but are not yet documented in the
       man page.  They came in with SVr4's printer support.

	     Variable	      Cap-    TCap	 Description
	     Numeric	      name    Code
       bit_image_entwining    bitwin  Yo     number of passes for
					     each bit-image row
       bit_image_type	      bitype  Yp     type of bit-image
					     device
       buffer_capacity	      bufsz   Ya     numbers of bytes
					     buffered before
					     printing
       buttons		      btns    BT     number of buttons on
					     mouse
       dot_horz_spacing	      spinh   Yc     spacing of dots hor-
					     izontally in dots
					     per inch
       dot_vert_spacing	      spinv   Yb     spacing of pins ver-
					     tically in pins per
					     inch
       max_micro_address      maddr   Yd     maximum value in
					     micro_..._address
       max_micro_jump	      mjump   Ye     maximum value in
					     parm_..._micro
       micro_col_size	      mcs     Yf     character step size
					     when in micro mode
       micro_line_size	      mls     Yg     line step size when
					     in micro mode
       number_of_pins	      npins   Yh     numbers of pins in
					     print-head
       output_res_char	      orc     Yi     horizontal resolu-
					     tion in units per
					     line
       output_res_horz_inch   orhi    Yk     horizontal resolu-
					     tion in units per
					     inch
       output_res_line	      orl     Yj     vertical resolution
					     in units per line
       output_res_vert_inch   orvi    Yl     vertical resolution
					     in units per inch
       print_rate	      cps     Ym     print rate in char-
					     acters per second

								5

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       wide_char_size	      widcs   Yn     character step size
					     when in double wide
					     mode

       These are the string capabilities:

	       Variable		 Cap-	TCap	 Description
		String		 name	Code
       acs_chars		 acsc	ac   graphics charset
					     pairs, based on
					     vt100
       back_tab			 cbt	bt   back tab (P)
       bell			 bel	bl   audible signal
					     (bell) (P)
       carriage_return		 cr	cr   carriage return (P*)
					     (P*)
       change_char_pitch	 cpi	ZA   Change number of
					     characters per inch
       change_line_pitch	 lpi	ZB   Change number of
					     lines per inch
       change_res_horz		 chr	ZC   Change horizontal
					     resolution
       change_res_vert		 cvr	ZD   Change vertical res-
					     olution
       change_scroll_region	 csr	cs   change region to
					     line #1 to line #2
					     (P)
       char_padding		 rmp	rP   like ip but when in
					     insert mode
       clear_all_tabs		 tbc	ct   clear all tab stops
					     (P)
       clear_margins		 mgc	MC   clear right and left
					     soft margins
       clear_screen		 clear	cl   clear screen and
					     home cursor (P*)
       clr_bol			 el1	cb   Clear to beginning
					     of line
       clr_eol			 el	ce   clear to end of line
					     (P)
       clr_eos			 ed	cd   clear to end of
					     screen (P*)
       column_address		 hpa	ch   horizontal position
					     #1, absolute (P)
       command_character	 cmdch	CC   terminal settable
					     cmd character in
					     prototype !?
       create_window		 cwin	CW   define a window #1
					     from #2,#3 to #4,#5
       cursor_address		 cup	cm   move to row #1
					     columns #2
       cursor_down		 cud1	do   down one line
       cursor_home		 home	ho   home cursor (if no
					     cup)

								6

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       cursor_invisible		 civis	vi   make cursor invisi-
					     ble
       cursor_left		 cub1	le   move left one space
       cursor_mem_address	 mrcup	CM   memory relative cur-
					     sor addressing
       cursor_normal		 cnorm	ve   make cursor appear
					     normal (undo
					     civis/cvvis)
       cursor_right		 cuf1	nd   non-destructive
					     space (move right
					     one space)
       cursor_to_ll		 ll	ll   last line, first
					     column (if no cup)
       cursor_up		 cuu1	up   up one line
       cursor_visible		 cvvis	vs   make cursor very
					     visible
       define_char		 defc	ZE   Define a character
       delete_character		 dch1	dc   delete character
					     (P*)
       delete_line		 dl1	dl   delete line (P*)
       dial_phone		 dial	DI   dial number #1
       dis_status_line		 dsl	ds   disable status line
       display_clock		 dclk	DK   display clock at
					     (#1,#2)
       down_half_line		 hd	hd   half a line down
       ena_acs			 enacs	eA   enable alternate
					     char set
       enter_alt_charset_mode	 smacs	as   start alternate
					     character set (P)
       enter_am_mode		 smam	SA   turn on automatic
					     margins
       enter_blink_mode		 blink	mb   turn on blinking
       enter_bold_mode		 bold	md   turn on bold (extra
					     bright) mode
       enter_ca_mode		 smcup	ti   string to start pro-
					     grams using cup
       enter_delete_mode	 smdc	dm   enter delete mode
       enter_dim_mode		 dim	mh   turn on half-bright
					     mode
       enter_doublewide_mode	 swidm	ZF   Enter double-wide
					     mode
       enter_draft_quality	 sdrfq	ZG   Enter draft-quality
					     mode
       enter_insert_mode	 smir	im   enter insert mode
       enter_italics_mode	 sitm	ZH   Enter italic mode
       enter_leftward_mode	 slm	ZI   Start leftward car-
					     riage motion
       enter_micro_mode		 smicm	ZJ   Start micro-motion
					     mode
       enter_near_letter_quality snlq	ZK   Enter NLQ mode
       enter_normal_quality	 snrmq	ZL   Enter normal-quality
					     mode

								7

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       enter_protected_mode	 prot	mp   turn on protected
					     mode
       enter_reverse_mode	 rev	mr   turn on reverse
					     video mode
       enter_secure_mode	 invis	mk   turn on blank mode
					     (characters invisi-
					     ble)
       enter_shadow_mode	 sshm	ZM   Enter shadow-print
					     mode
       enter_standout_mode	 smso	so   begin standout mode
       enter_subscript_mode	 ssubm	ZN   Enter subscript mode
       enter_superscript_mode	 ssupm	ZO   Enter superscript
					     mode
       enter_underline_mode	 smul	us   begin underline mode
       enter_upward_mode	 sum	ZP   Start upward car-
					     riage motion
       enter_xon_mode		 smxon	SX   turn on xon/xoff
					     handshaking
       erase_chars		 ech	ec   erase #1 characters
					     (P)
       exit_alt_charset_mode	 rmacs	ae   end alternate char-
					     acter set (P)
       exit_am_mode		 rmam	RA   turn off automatic
					     margins
       exit_attribute_mode	 sgr0	me   turn off all
					     attributes
       exit_ca_mode		 rmcup	te   strings to end pro-
					     grams using cup
       exit_delete_mode		 rmdc	ed   end delete mode
       exit_doublewide_mode	 rwidm	ZQ   End double-wide mode
       exit_insert_mode		 rmir	ei   exit insert mode
       exit_italics_mode	 ritm	ZR   End italic mode
       exit_leftward_mode	 rlm	ZS   End left-motion mode
       exit_micro_mode		 rmicm	ZT   End micro-motion
					     mode
       exit_shadow_mode		 rshm	ZU   End shadow-print
					     mode
       exit_standout_mode	 rmso	se   exit standout mode
       exit_subscript_mode	 rsubm	ZV   End subscript mode
       exit_superscript_mode	 rsupm	ZW   End superscript mode
       exit_underline_mode	 rmul	ue   exit underline mode
       exit_upward_mode		 rum	ZX   End reverse charac-
					     ter motion
       exit_xon_mode		 rmxon	RX   turn off xon/xoff
					     handshaking
       fixed_pause		 pause	PA   pause for 2-3 sec-
					     onds
       flash_hook		 hook	fh   flash switch hook
       flash_screen		 flash	vb   visible bell (may
					     not move cursor)
       form_feed		 ff	ff   hardcopy terminal
					     page eject (P*)

								8

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       from_status_line		 fsl	fs   return from status
					     line
       goto_window		 wingo	WG   go to window #1
       hangup			 hup	HU   hang-up phone
       init_1string		 is1	i1   initialization
					     string
       init_2string		 is2	is   initialization
					     string
       init_3string		 is3	i3   initialization
					     string
       init_file		 if	if   name of initializa-
					     tion file
       init_prog		 iprog	iP   path name of program
					     for initialization
       initialize_color		 initc	Ic   initialize color #1
					     to (#2,#3,#4)
       initialize_pair		 initp	Ip   Initialize color
					     pair #1 to
					     fg=(#2,#3,#4),
					     bg=(#5,#6,#7)
       insert_character		 ich1	ic   insert character (P)
       insert_line		 il1	al   insert line (P*)
       insert_padding		 ip	ip   insert padding after
					     inserted character
       key_a1			 ka1	K1   upper left of keypad
       key_a3			 ka3	K3   upper right of key-
					     pad
       key_b2			 kb2	K2   center of keypad
       key_backspace		 kbs	kb   backspace key
       key_beg			 kbeg	@1   begin key
       key_btab			 kcbt	kB   back-tab key
       key_c1			 kc1	K4   lower left of keypad
       key_c3			 kc3	K5   lower right of key-
					     pad
       key_cancel		 kcan	@2   cancel key
       key_catab		 ktbc	ka   clear-all-tabs key
       key_clear		 kclr	kC   clear-screen or
					     erase key
       key_close		 kclo	@3   close key
       key_command		 kcmd	@4   command key
       key_copy			 kcpy	@5   copy key
       key_create		 kcrt	@6   create key
       key_ctab			 kctab	kt   clear-tab key
       key_dc			 kdch1	kD   delete-character key
       key_dl			 kdl1	kL   delete-line key
       key_down			 kcud1	kd   down-arrow key
       key_eic			 krmir	kM   sent by rmir or smir
					     in insert mode
       key_end			 kend	@7   end key
       key_enter		 kent	@8   enter/send key
       key_eol			 kel	kE   clear-to-end-of-line
					     key

								9

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       key_eos			 ked	kS   clear-to-end-of-
					     screen key
       key_exit			 kext	@9   exit key
       key_f0			 kf0	k0   F0 function key
       key_f1			 kf1	k1   F1 function key
       key_f10			 kf10	k;   F10 function key
       key_f11			 kf11	F1   F11 function key
       key_f12			 kf12	F2   F12 function key
       key_f13			 kf13	F3   F13 function key
       key_f14			 kf14	F4   F14 function key
       key_f15			 kf15	F5   F15 function key
       key_f16			 kf16	F6   F16 function key
       key_f17			 kf17	F7   F17 function key
       key_f18			 kf18	F8   F18 function key
       key_f19			 kf19	F9   F19 function key
       key_f2			 kf2	k2   F2 function key
       key_f20			 kf20	FA   F20 function key
       key_f21			 kf21	FB   F21 function key
       key_f22			 kf22	FC   F22 function key
       key_f23			 kf23	FD   F23 function key
       key_f24			 kf24	FE   F24 function key
       key_f25			 kf25	FF   F25 function key
       key_f26			 kf26	FG   F26 function key
       key_f27			 kf27	FH   F27 function key
       key_f28			 kf28	FI   F28 function key
       key_f29			 kf29	FJ   F29 function key
       key_f3			 kf3	k3   F3 function key
       key_f30			 kf30	FK   F30 function key
       key_f31			 kf31	FL   F31 function key
       key_f32			 kf32	FM   F32 function key
       key_f33			 kf33	FN   F33 function key
       key_f34			 kf34	FO   F34 function key
       key_f35			 kf35	FP   F35 function key
       key_f36			 kf36	FQ   F36 function key
       key_f37			 kf37	FR   F37 function key
       key_f38			 kf38	FS   F38 function key
       key_f39			 kf39	FT   F39 function key
       key_f4			 kf4	k4   F4 function key
       key_f40			 kf40	FU   F40 function key
       key_f41			 kf41	FV   F41 function key
       key_f42			 kf42	FW   F42 function key
       key_f43			 kf43	FX   F43 function key
       key_f44			 kf44	FY   F44 function key
       key_f45			 kf45	FZ   F45 function key
       key_f46			 kf46	Fa   F46 function key
       key_f47			 kf47	Fb   F47 function key
       key_f48			 kf48	Fc   F48 function key
       key_f49			 kf49	Fd   F49 function key
       key_f5			 kf5	k5   F5 function key
       key_f50			 kf50	Fe   F50 function key
       key_f51			 kf51	Ff   F51 function key
       key_f52			 kf52	Fg   F52 function key
       key_f53			 kf53	Fh   F53 function key

							       10

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       key_f54			 kf54	Fi   F54 function key
       key_f55			 kf55	Fj   F55 function key
       key_f56			 kf56	Fk   F56 function key
       key_f57			 kf57	Fl   F57 function key
       key_f58			 kf58	Fm   F58 function key
       key_f59			 kf59	Fn   F59 function key
       key_f6			 kf6	k6   F6 function key
       key_f60			 kf60	Fo   F60 function key
       key_f61			 kf61	Fp   F61 function key
       key_f62			 kf62	Fq   F62 function key
       key_f63			 kf63	Fr   F63 function key
       key_f7			 kf7	k7   F7 function key
       key_f8			 kf8	k8   F8 function key
       key_f9			 kf9	k9   F9 function key
       key_find			 kfnd	@0   find key
       key_help			 khlp	%1   help key
       key_home			 khome	kh   home key
       key_ic			 kich1	kI   insert-character key
       key_il			 kil1	kA   insert-line key
       key_left			 kcub1	kl   left-arrow key
       key_ll			 kll	kH   lower-left key (home
					     down)
       key_mark			 kmrk	%2   mark key
       key_message		 kmsg	%3   message key
       key_move			 kmov	%4   move key
       key_next			 knxt	%5   next key
       key_npage		 knp	kN   next-page key
       key_open			 kopn	%6   open key
       key_options		 kopt	%7   options key
       key_ppage		 kpp	kP   previous-page key
       key_previous		 kprv	%8   previous key
       key_print		 kprt	%9   print key
       key_redo			 krdo	%0   redo key
       key_reference		 kref	&1   reference key
       key_refresh		 krfr	&2   refresh key
       key_replace		 krpl	&3   replace key
       key_restart		 krst	&4   restart key
       key_resume		 kres	&5   resume key
       key_right		 kcuf1	kr   right-arrow key
       key_save			 ksav	&6   save key
       key_sbeg			 kBEG	&9   shifted begin key
       key_scancel		 kCAN	&0   shifted cancel key
       key_scommand		 kCMD	*1   shifted command key
       key_scopy		 kCPY	*2   shifted copy key
       key_screate		 kCRT	*3   shifted create key
       key_sdc			 kDC	*4   shifted delete-char-
					     acter key
       key_sdl			 kDL	*5   shifted delete-line
					     key
       key_select		 kslt	*6   select key
       key_send			 kEND	*7   shifted end key
       key_seol			 kEOL	*8   shifted clear-to-
					     end-of-line key

							       11

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       key_sexit		 kEXT	*9   shifted exit key
       key_sf			 kind	kF   scroll-forward key
       key_sfind		 kFND	*0   shifted find key
       key_shelp		 kHLP	#1   shifted help key
       key_shome		 kHOM	#2   shifted home key
       key_sic			 kIC	#3   shifted insert-char-
					     acter key
       key_sleft		 kLFT	#4   shifted left-arrow
					     key
       key_smessage		 kMSG	%a   shifted message key
       key_smove		 kMOV	%b   shifted move key
       key_snext		 kNXT	%c   shifted next key
       key_soptions		 kOPT	%d   shifted options key
       key_sprevious		 kPRV	%e   shifted previous key
       key_sprint		 kPRT	%f   shifted print key
       key_sr			 kri	kR   scroll-backward key
       key_sredo		 kRDO	%g   shifted redo key
       key_sreplace		 kRPL	%h   shifted replace key
       key_sright		 kRIT	%i   shifted right-arrow
					     key
       key_srsume		 kRES	%j   shifted resume key
       key_ssave		 kSAV	!1   shifted save key
       key_ssuspend		 kSPD	!2   shifted suspend key
       key_stab			 khts	kT   set-tab key
       key_sundo		 kUND	!3   shifted undo key
       key_suspend		 kspd	&7   suspend key
       key_undo			 kund	&8   undo key
       key_up			 kcuu1	ku   up-arrow key
       keypad_local		 rmkx	ke   leave 'key-
					     board_transmit' mode
       keypad_xmit		 smkx	ks   enter 'key-
					     board_transmit' mode
       lab_f0			 lf0	l0   label on function
					     key f0 if not f0
       lab_f1			 lf1	l1   label on function
					     key f1 if not f1
       lab_f10			 lf10	la   label on function
					     key f10 if not f10
       lab_f2			 lf2	l2   label on function
					     key f2 if not f2
       lab_f3			 lf3	l3   label on function
					     key f3 if not f3
       lab_f4			 lf4	l4   label on function
					     key f4 if not f4
       lab_f5			 lf5	l5   label on function
					     key f5 if not f5
       lab_f6			 lf6	l6   label on function
					     key f6 if not f6
       lab_f7			 lf7	l7   label on function
					     key f7 if not f7
       lab_f8			 lf8	l8   label on function
					     key f8 if not f8

							       12

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       lab_f9			 lf9	l9   label on function
					     key f9 if not f9
       label_format		 fln	Lf   label format
       label_off		 rmln	LF   turn off soft labels
       label_on			 smln	LO   turn on soft labels
       meta_off			 rmm	mo   turn off meta mode
       meta_on			 smm	mm   turn on meta mode
					     (8th-bit on)
       micro_column_address	 mhpa	ZY   Like column_address
					     in micro mode
       micro_down		 mcud1	ZZ   Like cursor_down in
					     micro mode
       micro_left		 mcub1	Za   Like cursor_left in
					     micro mode
       micro_right		 mcuf1	Zb   Like cursor_right in
					     micro mode
       micro_row_address	 mvpa	Zc   Like row_address in
					     micro mode
       micro_up			 mcuu1	Zd   Like cursor_up in
					     micro mode
       newline			 nel	nw   newline (behave like
					     cr followed by lf)
       order_of_pins		 porder Ze   Match software bits
					     to print-head pins
       orig_colors		 oc	oc   Set all color pairs
					     to the original ones
       orig_pair		 op	op   Set default pair to
					     its original value
       pad_char			 pad	pc   padding char
					     (instead of null)
       parm_dch			 dch	DC   delete #1 characters
					     (P*)
       parm_delete_line		 dl	DL   delete #1 lines (P*)
       parm_down_cursor		 cud	DO   down #1 lines (P*)
       parm_down_micro		 mcud	Zf   Like parm_down_cur-
					     sor in micro mode
       parm_ich			 ich	IC   insert #1 characters
					     (P*)
       parm_index		 indn	SF   scroll forward #1
					     lines (P)
       parm_insert_line		 il	AL   insert #1 lines (P*)
       parm_left_cursor		 cub	LE   move #1 characters
					     to the left (P)
       parm_left_micro		 mcub	Zg   Like parm_left_cur-
					     sor in micro mode
       parm_right_cursor	 cuf	RI   move #1 characters
					     to the right (P*)
       parm_right_micro		 mcuf	Zh   Like parm_right_cur-
					     sor in micro mode
       parm_rindex		 rin	SR   scroll back #1 lines
					     (P)
       parm_up_cursor		 cuu	UP   up #1 lines (P*)

							       13

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       parm_up_micro		 mcuu	Zi   Like parm_up_cursor
					     in micro mode
       pkey_key			 pfkey	pk   program function key
					     #1 to type string #2
       pkey_local		 pfloc	pl   program function key
					     #1 to execute string
					     #2
       pkey_xmit		 pfx	px   program function key
					     #1 to transmit
					     string #2
       plab_norm		 pln	pn   program label #1 to
					     show string #2
       print_screen		 mc0	ps   print contents of
					     screen
       prtr_non			 mc5p	pO   turn on printer for
					     #1 bytes
       prtr_off			 mc4	pf   turn off printer
       prtr_on			 mc5	po   turn on printer
       pulse			 pulse	PU   select pulse dialing
       quick_dial		 qdial	QD   dial number #1 with-
					     out checking
       remove_clock		 rmclk	RC   remove clock
       repeat_char		 rep	rp   repeat char #1 #2
					     times (P*)
       req_for_input		 rfi	RF   send next input char
					     (for ptys)
       reset_1string		 rs1	r1   reset string
       reset_2string		 rs2	r2   reset string
       reset_3string		 rs3	r3   reset string
       reset_file		 rf	rf   name of reset file
       restore_cursor		 rc	rc   restore cursor to
					     position of last
					     save_cursor
       row_address		 vpa	cv   vertical position #1
					     absolute (P)
       save_cursor		 sc	sc   save current cursor
					     position (P)
       scroll_forward		 ind	sf   scroll text up (P)
       scroll_reverse		 ri	sr   scroll text down (P)
       select_char_set		 scs	Zj   Select character set
       set_attributes		 sgr	sa   define video
					     attributes #1-#9
					     (PG9)
       set_background		 setb	Sb   Set background color
					     #1
       set_bottom_margin	 smgb	Zk   Set bottom margin at
					     current line
       set_bottom_margin_parm	 smgbp	Zl   Set bottom margin at
					     line #1 or #2 lines
					     from bottom
       set_clock		 sclk	SC   set clock, #1 hrs #2
					     mins #3 secs

							       14

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       set_color_pair		 scp	sp   Set current color
					     pair to #1
       set_foreground		 setf	Sf   Set foreground color
					     #1
       set_left_margin		 smgl	ML   set left soft margin
					     at current column
       set_left_margin_parm	 smglp	Zm   Set left (right)
					     margin at column #1
					     (#2)
       set_right_margin		 smgr	MR   set right soft mar-
					     gin at current col-
					     umn
       set_right_margin_parm	 smgrp	Zn   Set right margin at
					     column #1
       set_tab			 hts	st   set a tab in every
					     row, current columns
       set_top_margin		 smgt	Zo   Set top margin at
					     current line
       set_top_margin_parm	 smgtp	Zp   Set top (bottom)
					     margin at row #1
					     (#2)
       set_window		 wind	wi   current window is
					     lines #1-#2 cols
					     #3-#4
       start_bit_image		 sbim	Zq   Start printing bit
					     image graphics
       start_char_set_def	 scsd	Zr   Start character set
					     definition
       stop_bit_image		 rbim	Zs   Stop printing bit
					     image graphics
       stop_char_set_def	 rcsd	Zt   End definition of
					     character set
       subscript_characters	 subcs	Zu   List of subscript-
					     able characters
       superscript_characters	 supcs	Zv   List of superscript-
					     able characters
       tab			 ht	ta   tab to next 8-space
					     hardware tab stop
       these_cause_cr		 docr	Zw   Printing any of
					     these characters
					     causes CR
       to_status_line		 tsl	ts   move to status line
       tone			 tone	TO   select touch tone
					     dialing
       underline_char		 uc	uc   underline char and
					     move past it
       up_half_line		 hu	hu   half a line up
       user0			 u0	u0   User string #0
       user1			 u1	u1   User string #1
       user2			 u2	u2   User string #2
       user3			 u3	u3   User string #3
       user4			 u4	u4   User string #4
       user5			 u5	u5   User string #5

							       15

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       user6			 u6	u6   User string #6
       user7			 u7	u7   User string #7
       user8			 u8	u8   User string #8
       user9			 u9	u9   User string #9
       wait_tone		 wait	WA   wait for dial-tone
       xoff_character		 xoffc	XF   XOFF character
       xon_character		 xonc	XN   XON character
       zero_motion		 zerom	Zx   No motion for subse-
					     quent character

       The following  string  capabilities  are	 present  in  the
       SVr4.0  term structure, but were originally not documented
       in the man page.

	       Variable		 Cap-	  TCap	  Description
		String		 name	  Code
       alt_scancode_esc		 scesa	  S8   Alternate escape
					       for scancode emu-
					       lation
       bit_image_carriage_return bicr	  Yv   Move to beginning
					       of same row
       bit_image_newline	 binel	  Zz   Move to next row
					       of the bit image
       bit_image_repeat		 birep	  Xy   Repeat bit image
					       cell #1 #2 times
       char_set_names		 csnm	  Zy   List of character
					       set names
       code_set_init		 csin	  ci   Init sequence for
					       multiple codesets
       color_names		 colornm  Yw   Give name for
					       color #1
       define_bit_image_region	 defbi	  Yx   Define rectan-
					       gualar bit image
					       region
       device_type		 devt	  dv   Indicate lan-
					       guage/codeset sup-
					       port
       display_pc_char		 dispc	  S1   Display PC charac-
					       ter
       end_bit_image_region	 endbi	  Yy   End a bit-image
					       region
       enter_pc_charset_mode	 smpch	  S2   Enter PC character
					       display mode
       enter_scancode_mode	 smsc	  S4   Enter PC scancode
					       mode
       exit_pc_charset_mode	 rmpch	  S3   Exit PC character
					       display mode
       exit_scancode_mode	 rmsc	  S5   Exit PC scancode
					       mode
       get_mouse		 getm	  Gm   Curses should get
					       button events
       key_mouse		 kmous	  Km   Mouse event has
					       occurred

							       16

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       mouse_info		 minfo	  Mi   Mouse status
					       information
       pc_term_options		 pctrm	  S6   PC terminal
					       options
       pkey_plab		 pfxl	  xl   Program function
					       key #1 to type
					       string #2 and show
					       string #3
       req_mouse_pos		 reqmp	  RQ   Request mouse
					       position
       scancode_escape		 scesc	  S7   Escape for scan-
					       code emulation
       set0_des_seq		 s0ds	  s0   Shift to code set
					       0 (EUC set 0,
					       ASCII)
       set1_des_seq		 s1ds	  s1   Shift to code set
					       1
       set2_des_seq		 s2ds	  s2   Shift to code set
					       2
       set3_des_seq		 s3ds	  s3   Shift to code set
					       3
       set_a_background		 setab	  AB   Set background
					       color using ANSI
					       escape
       set_a_foreground		 setaf	  AF   Set foreground
					       color using ANSI
					       escape
       set_color_band		 setcolor Yz   Change to ribbon
					       color #1
       set_lr_margin		 smglr	  ML   Set both left and
					       right margins to
					       #1, #2
       set_page_length		 slines	  YZ   Set page length to
					       #1 lines
       set_tb_margin		 smgtb	  MT   Sets both top and
					       bottom margins to
					       #1, #2

	The XSI Curses	standard  added	 these.	  They	are  some
	post-4.1  versions  of System V curses, e.g., Solaris 2.5
	and IRIX 6.x.  The ncurses termcap  names  for	them  are
	invented; according to the XSI Curses standard, they have
	no termcap names.  If your compiled terminfo entries  use
	these,	they  may  not be binary-compatible with System V
	terminfo entries after SVr4.1; beware!

		Variable	 Cap-	TCap	 Description
		 String		 name	Code
	enter_horizontal_hl_mode ehhlm	Xh   Enter horizontal
					     highlight mode
	enter_left_hl_mode	 elhlm	Xl   Enter left highlight
					     mode

							       17

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

	enter_low_hl_mode	 elohlm Xo   Enter low highlight
					     mode
	enter_right_hl_mode	 erhlm	Xr   Enter right high-
					     light mode
	enter_top_hl_mode	 ethlm	Xt   Enter top highlight
					     mode
	enter_vertical_hl_mode	 evhlm	Xv   Enter vertical high-
					     light mode
	set_a_attributes	 sgr1	sA   Define second set of
					     video attributes
					     #1-#6
	set_pglen_inch		 slengthsL   YI Set page length
					     to #1 hundredth of
					     an inch

   A Sample Entry
       The following entry, describing an ANSI-standard terminal,
       is  representative  of  what a terminfo entry for a modern
       terminal typically looks like.

     ansi|ansi/pc-term compatible with color,
	     mc5i,
	     colors#8, ncv#3, pairs#64,
	     cub=\E[%p1%dD, cud=\E[%p1%dB, cuf=\E[%p1%dC,
	     cuu=\E[%p1%dA, dch=\E[%p1%dP, dl=\E[%p1%dM,
	     ech=\E[%p1%dX, el1=\E[1K, hpa=\E[%p1%dG, ht=\E[I,
	     ich=\E[%p1%d@, il=\E[%p1%dL, indn=\E[%p1%dS, .indn=\E[%p1%dT,
	     kbs=^H, kcbt=\E[Z, kcub1=\E[D, kcud1=\E[B,
	     kcuf1=\E[C, kcuu1=\E[A, kf1=\E[M, kf10=\E[V,
	     kf11=\E[W, kf12=\E[X, kf2=\E[N, kf3=\E[O, kf4=\E[P,
	     kf5=\E[Q, kf6=\E[R, kf7=\E[S, kf8=\E[T, kf9=\E[U,
	     kich1=\E[L, mc4=\E[4i, mc5=\E[5i, nel=\r\E[S,
	     op=\E[37;40m, rep=%p1%c\E[%p2%{1}%-%db,
	     rin=\E[%p1%dT, s0ds=\E(B, s1ds=\E)B, s2ds=\E*B,
	     s3ds=\E+B, setab=\E[4%p1%dm, setaf=\E[3%p1%dm,
	     setb=\E[4%?%p1%{1}%=%t4%e%p1%{3}%=%t6%e%p1%{4}%=%t1%e%p1%{6}%=%t3%e%p1%d%;m,
	     setf=\E[3%?%p1%{1}%=%t4%e%p1%{3}%=%t6%e%p1%{4}%=%t1%e%p1%{6}%=%t3%e%p1%d%;m,
	     sgr=\E[0;10%?%p1%t;7%;%?%p2%t;4%;%?%p3%t;7%;%?%p4%t;5%;%?%p6%t;1%;%?%p7%t;8%;%?%p8%t;11%;%?%p9%t;12%;m,
	     sgr0=\E[0;10m, tbc=\E[2g, u6=\E[%d;%dR, u7=\E[6n,
	     u8=\E[?%[;0123456789]c, u9=\E[c, vpa=\E[%p1%dd,

       Entries may continue onto multiple lines by placing  white
       space  at  the  beginning  of  each line except the first.
       Comments may be included on lines  beginning  with  ``#''.
       Capabilities in terminfo are of three types: Boolean capa-
       bilities which indicate that the terminal has some partic-
       ular  feature, numeric capabilities giving the size of the
       terminal or the size  of	 particular  delays,  and  string
       capabilities,  which  give a sequence which can be used to
       perform particular terminal operations.

							       18

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

   Types of Capabilities
       All capabilities have names.  For instance, the fact  that
       ANSI-standard  terminals	 have automatic margins (i.e., an
       automatic return and line-feed when the end of a	 line  is
       reached)	 is  indicated	by  the capability am.	Hence the
       description of ansi includes am.	 Numeric capabilities are
       followed	 by  the character `#' and then a positive value.
       Thus cols, which indicates the number of columns the  ter-
       minal  has,  gives  the	value  `80' for ansi.  Values for
       numeric capabilities may be specified in decimal, octal or
       hexadecimal,  using the C programming language conventions
       (e.g., 255, 0377 and 0xff or 0xFF).

       Finally, string valued capabilities, such as el (clear  to
       end of line sequence) are given by the two-character code,
       an `=', and then a string ending	 at  the  next	following
       `,'.

       A  number  of  escape sequences are provided in the string
       valued capabilities for easy encoding of characters there.
       Both  \E	 and  \e map to an ESCAPE character, ^x maps to a
       control-x for any appropriate x, and the sequences  \n  \l
       \r  \t  \b  \f  \s give a newline, line-feed, return, tab,
       backspace, form-feed, and space.	 Other escapes include \^
       for  ^, \\ for \, \, for comma, \: for :, and \0 for null.
       (\0 will produce \200, which does not terminate	a  string
       but behaves as a null character on most terminals, provid-
       ing CS7 is specified.  See stty(1).)  Finally,  characters
       may be given as three octal digits after a \.

       A  delay	 in  milliseconds may appear anywhere in a string
       capability, enclosed in $<..> brackets, as in  el=\EK$<5>,
       and  padding  characters	 are supplied by tputs to provide
       this delay.  The delay must be a number with at	most  one
       decimal place of precision; it may be followed by suffixes
       `*' or '/' or both.  A  `*'  indicates  that  the  padding
       required	 is  proportional to the number of lines affected
       by the  operation,  and	the  amount  given  is	the  per-
       affected-unit  padding  required.   (In the case of insert
       character,  the	factor	is  still  the	number	of  lines
       affected.)   Normally,  padding	is advisory if the device
       has the xon capability; it is used  for	cost  computation
       but  does not trigger delays.  A `/' suffix indicates that
       the padding is mandatory and forces a delay of  the  given
       number  of  milliseconds	 even on devices for which xon is
       present to indicate flow control.

       Sometimes individual capabilities must be  commented  out.
       To  do this, put a period before the capability name.  For
       example, see the second ind in the example above.

							       19

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

   Fetching Compiled Descriptions
       If the environment variable TERMINFO is set, it is  inter-
       preted  as the pathname of a directory containing the com-
       piled description you are working on.  Only that directory
       is searched.

       If  TERMINFO  is	 not set, the ncurses version of the ter-
       minfo reader code  will	instead	 look  in  the	directory
       $HOME/.terminfo	for  a compiled description.  If it fails
       to find one  there,  and	 the  environment  variable  TER-
       MINFO_DIRS  is set, it will interpret the contents of that
       variable as a list of colon- separated directories  to  be
       searched	 (an  empty  entry is interpreted as a command to
       search /usr/share/terminfo).  If no description	is  found
       in  any of the TERMINFO_DIRS directories, the fetch fails.

       If neither TERMINFO nor TERMINFO_DIRS  is  set,	the  last
       place   tried  will  be	the  system  terminfo  directory,
       /usr/share/terminfo.

       (Neither the  $HOME/.terminfo  lookups  nor  TERMINFO_DIRS
       extensions   are	 supported  under  stock  System  V  ter-
       minfo/curses.)

   Preparing Descriptions
       We now outline how to prepare descriptions  of  terminals.
       The  most  effective way to prepare a terminal description
       is by imitating the description of a similar  terminal  in
       terminfo	 and  to  build up a description gradually, using
       partial descriptions with vi or some other screen-oriented
       program	to  check that they are correct.  Be aware that a
       very unusual terminal may expose deficiencies in the abil-
       ity  of	the  terminfo  file to describe it or bugs in the
       screen-handling code of the test program.

       To get the padding for insert line right (if the	 terminal
       manufacturer did not document it) a severe test is to edit
       a large file at 9600 baud, delete 16 or so lines from  the
       middle  of  the screen, then hit the `u' key several times
       quickly.	 If the terminal messes up, more padding is  usu-
       ally  needed.  A similar test can be used for insert char-
       acter.

   Basic Capabilities
       The number of columns on each line  for	the  terminal  is
       given  by the cols numeric capability.  If the terminal is
       a CRT, then the number of lines on the screen is given  by
       the lines capability.  If the terminal wraps around to the
       beginning of the next line when it reaches the right  mar-
       gin, then it should have the am capability.  If the termi-
       nal can clear its screen, leaving the cursor in	the  home
       position,   then	  this	is  given  by  the  clear  string

							       20

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       capability.  If	the  terminal  overstrikes  (rather  than
       clearing	 a position when a character is struck over) then
       it should have the os capability.  If the  terminal  is	a
       printing terminal, with no soft copy unit, give it both hc
       and os.	(os applies to storage scope terminals,	 such  as
       TEKTRONIX 4010 series, as well as hard copy and APL termi-
       nals.)  If there is a code to move the cursor to the  left
       edge  of the current row, give this as cr.  (Normally this
       will be carriage return, control M.)  If there is  a  code
       to  produce  an audible signal (bell, beep, etc) give this
       as bel.

       If there is a code to move the cursor one position to  the
       left  (such  as backspace) that capability should be given
       as cub1.	 Similarly, codes to move to the right,	 up,  and
       down should be given as cuf1, cuu1, and cud1.  These local
       cursor motions should not alter the text they  pass  over,
       for  example,  you would not normally use `cuf1= ' because
       the space would erase the character moved over.

       A very important point  here  is	 that  the  local  cursor
       motions	encoded in terminfo are undefined at the left and
       top edges  of  a	 CRT  terminal.	  Programs  should  never
       attempt	to  backspace  around the left edge, unless bw is
       given, and never attempt to go up locally off the top.  In
       order  to  scroll text up, a program will go to the bottom
       left corner of the screen and send the ind (index) string.

       To scroll text down, a program goes to the top left corner
       of the screen and sends the  ri	(reverse  index)  string.
       The  strings  ind  and  ri are undefined when not on their
       respective corners of the screen.

       Parameterized versions of the scrolling sequences are indn
       and rin which have the same semantics as ind and ri except
       that they take one parameter, and scroll that many  lines.
       They  are also undefined except at the appropriate edge of
       the screen.

       The am capability tells whether the cursor sticks  at  the
       right  edge  of	the  screen when text is output, but this
       does not necessarily apply to a cuf1 from the last column.
       The  only local motion which is defined from the left edge
       is if bw is given, then a cub1 from  the	 left  edge  will
       move  to the right edge of the previous row.  If bw is not
       given, the effect is undefined.	This is useful for  draw-
       ing  a box around the edge of the screen, for example.  If
       the terminal has switch selectable automatic margins,  the
       terminfo	 file  usually assumes that this is on; i.e., am.
       If the terminal has a command which  moves  to  the  first
       column  of the next line, that command can be given as nel
       (newline).  It does not matter if the command  clears  the
       remainder  of  the current line, so if the terminal has no
       cr and lf it may still be possible to craft a working  nel

							       21

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       out of one or both of them.

       These  capabilities  suffice  to	 describe  hard-copy  and
       "glass-tty" terminals.  Thus  the  model	 33  teletype  is
       described as

     33|tty33|tty|model 33 teletype,
     bel=^G, cols#72, cr=^M, cud1=^J, hc, ind=^J, os,

       while the Lear Siegler ADM-3 is described as

     adm3|3|lsi adm3,
     am, bel=^G, clear=^Z, cols#80, cr=^M, cub1=^H, cud1=^J,
     ind=^J, lines#24,

   Parameterized Strings
       Cursor  addressing  and other strings requiring parameters
       in the terminal are described by	 a  parameterized  string
       capability,  with  printf(3S)  like escapes %x in it.  For
       example, to address the	cursor,	 the  cup  capability  is
       given, using two parameters: the row and column to address
       to.  (Rows and columns are numbered from zero and refer to
       the physical screen visible to the user, not to any unseen
       memory.)	 If  the  terminal  has	 memory	 relative  cursor
       addressing, that can be indicated by mrcup.

       The  parameter  mechanism uses a stack and special % codes
       to manipulate it.  Typically a sequence will push  one  of
       the  parameters	onto  the stack and then print it in some
       format.	Often more complex operations are necessary.

       The % encodings have the following meanings:

	    %%	      outputs `%'
	    %[[:]flags][width[.precision]][doxXs]
		      as in printf, flags are [-+#] and space
	    %c	      print pop() gives %c

	    %p[1-9]   push i'th parm
	    %P[a-z]   set dynamic variable [a-z] to pop()
	    %g[a-z]   get dynamic variable [a-z] and push it
	    %P[A-Z]   set static variable [a-z] to pop()
	    %g[A-Z]   get static variable [a-z] and push it
	    %'c'      char constant c
	    %{nn}     integer constant nn
	    %l	      push strlen(pop)

	    %+ %- %* %/ %m
		      arithmetic (%m is mod): push(pop() op pop())
	    %& %| %^  bit operations: push(pop() op pop())
	    %= %> %<  logical operations: push(pop() op pop())
	    %A, %O    logical and & or operations (for conditionals)
	    %! %~     unary operations push(op pop())

							       22

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

	    %i	      add 1 to first two parms (for ANSI terminals)

	    %? expr %t thenpart %e elsepart %;
		      if-then-else, %e elsepart is optional.
		      else-if's are possible a la Algol 68:
		      %? c1 %t b1 %e c2 %t b2 %e c3 %t b3 %e c4 %t b4 %e %;
		      ci are conditions, bi are bodies.

       Binary operations are in postfix form with the operands in
       the  usual  order.   That  is,  to  get	x-5 one would use
       "%gx%{5}%-".  %P and %g variables  are  persistent  across
       escape-string evaluations.

       Consider the HP2645, which, to get to row 3 and column 12,
       needs to be sent \E&a12c03Y  padded  for	 6  milliseconds.
       Note  that  the	order of the rows and columns is inverted
       here, and that the row and column are printed as two  dig-
       its.  Thus its cup capability is "cup=6\E&%p2%2dc%p1%2dY".

       The Microterm ACT-IV needs the current row and column sent
       preceded	 by  a ^T, with the row and column simply encoded
       in binary, "cup=^T%p1%c%p2%c".  Terminals which	use  "%c"
       need  to	 be  able  to backspace the cursor (cub1), and to
       move the cursor up one line on the screen (cuu1).  This is
       necessary  because it is not always safe to transmit \n ^D
       and \r, as the system may change or  discard  them.   (The
       library	routines  dealing  with terminfo set tty modes so
       that tabs are never expanded, so \t is safe to send.  This
       turns out to be essential for the Ann Arbor 4080.)

       A final example is the LSI ADM-3a, which uses row and col-
       umn  offset  by	a  blank  character,  thus  "cup=\E=%p1%'
       '%+%c%p2%'  '%+%c".   After sending `\E=', this pushes the
       first parameter, pushes the ASCII value for a space  (32),
       adds  them  (pushing  the sum on the stack in place of the
       two previous values) and outputs that value as  a  charac-
       ter.   Then  the	 same  is  done for the second parameter.
       More complex arithmetic is possible using the stack.

   Cursor Motions
       If the terminal has a fast way to home the cursor (to very
       upper  left  corner  of	screen) then this can be given as
       home; similarly a fast way of getting to the  lower  left-
       hand  corner can be given as ll; this may involve going up
       with cuu1 from the home position,  but  a  program  should
       never  do this itself (unless ll does) because it can make
       no assumption about the effect of moving up from the  home
       position.   Note	 that  the  home  position is the same as
       addressing to (0,0): to the top left corner of the screen,
       not  of	memory.	  (Thus, the \EH sequence on HP terminals
       cannot be used for home.)

       If  the	terminal  has  row  or	column	absolute   cursor

							       23

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       addressing,  these  can be given as single parameter capa-
       bilities hpa (horizontal position absolute) and vpa  (ver-
       tical  position	absolute).   Sometimes	these are shorter
       than the more general two parameter sequence (as with  the
       hp2645)	and  can  be used in preference to cup.	 If there
       are parameterized local motions (e.g., move  n  spaces  to
       the  right)  these  can be given as cud, cub, cuf, and cuu
       with a single parameter	indicating  how	 many  spaces  to
       move.  These are primarily useful if the terminal does not
       have cup, such as the TEKTRONIX 4025.

       If the terminal needs to be in a special mode when running
       a program that uses these capabilities, the codes to enter
       and exit this mode can be given as smcup and rmcup.   This
       arises,	for example, from terminals like the Concept with
       more than one page of memory.  If the  terminal	has  only
       memory  relative cursor addressing and not screen relative
       cursor addressing, a one screen-sized window must be fixed
       into  the terminal for cursor addressing to work properly.
       This is also used for the TEKTRONIX 4025, where smcup sets
       the  command character to be the one used by terminfo.  If
       the smcup sequence will not restore the	screen	after  an
       rmcup sequence is output (to the state prior to outputting
       rmcup), specify nrrmc.

   Area Clears
       If the terminal can clear from the current position to the
       end  of	the  line,  leaving  the cursor where it is, this
       should be given as el.  If the terminal can clear from the
       beginning  of  the line to the current position inclusive,
       leaving the cursor where it is, this should  be	given  as
       el1.   If the terminal can clear from the current position
       to the end of the display, then this should  be	given  as
       ed.   Ed	 is only defined from the first column of a line.
       (Thus, it can be simulated by a request to delete a  large
       number of lines, if a true ed is not available.)

   Insert/delete line and vertical motions
       If  the terminal can open a new blank line before the line
       where the cursor is, this should be given as il1; this  is
       done  only  from the first position of a line.  The cursor
       must then appear on the newly blank line.  If the terminal
       can  delete  the	 line  which  the cursor is on, then this
       should be given as dl1; this is done only from  the  first
       position	 on  the line to be deleted.  Versions of il1 and
       dl1 which take a single parameter  and  insert  or  delete
       that many lines can be given as il and dl.

       If  the terminal has a settable scrolling region (like the
       vt100) the command to set this can be described	with  the
       csr  capability,	 which	takes two parameters: the top and
       bottom lines of the scrolling region.  The cursor position

							       24

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       is, alas, undefined after using this command.

       It  is possible to get the effect of insert or delete line
       using csr on a properly chosen region; the sc and rc (save
       and  restore  cursor)  commands may be useful for ensuring
       that your synthesized insert/delete string does	not  move
       the  cursor.   (Note that the ncurses(3) library does this
       synthesis  automatically,  so   you   need   not	  compose
       insert/delete strings for an entry with csr).

       Yet another way to construct insert and delete might be to
       use a combination of index with	the  memory-lock  feature
       found  on some terminals (like the HP-700/90 series, which
       however also has insert/delete).

       Inserting lines at the top or bottom  of	 the  screen  can
       also  be	 done using ri or ind on many terminals without a
       true insert/delete line, and is often faster even on  ter-
       minals with those features.

       The  boolean  non_dest_scroll_region should be set if each
       scrolling window is effectively a view port on  a  screen-
       sized  canvas.	To  test  for  this  capability, create a
       scrolling region in the middle of the screen, write  some-
       thing  to  the  bottom line, move the cursor to the top of
       the region, and do ri followed by dl1 or ind.  If the data
       scrolled	 off  the  bottom  of  the  region  by the ri re-
       appears, then scrolling is non-destructive.  System V  and
       XSI  Curses  expect that ind, ri, indn, and rin will simu-
       late destructive scrolling; their  documentation	 cautions
       you  not	 to  define csr unless this is true.  This curses
       implementation is more liberal and will do explicit erases
       after scrolling if ndstr is defined.

       If the terminal has the ability to define a window as part
       of memory, which all commands affect, it should	be  given
       as the parameterized string wind.  The four parameters are
       the starting and ending lines in memory and  the	 starting
       and ending columns in memory, in that order.

       If  the terminal can retain display memory above, then the
       da capability should be given; if display  memory  can  be
       retained	 below,	 then db should be given.  These indicate
       that deleting a line  or	 scrolling  may	 bring	non-blank
       lines  up  from	below  or that scrolling back with ri may
       bring down non-blank lines.

   Insert/Delete Character
       There are two basic kinds of  intelligent  terminals  with
       respect	to insert/delete character which can be described
       using terminfo.	The most common	 insert/delete	character
       operations  affect only the characters on the current line
       and shift characters off the  end  of  the  line	 rigidly.

							       25

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       Other  terminals,  such	as the Concept 100 and the Perkin
       Elmer Owl, make a distinction between  typed  and  untyped
       blanks  on  the	screen, shifting upon an insert or delete
       only to an untyped blank on the	screen	which  is  either
       eliminated,  or	expanded  to two untyped blanks.  You can
       determine the kind of terminal you have	by  clearing  the
       screen  and  then typing text separated by cursor motions.
       Type "abc    def" using local cursor motions (not  spaces)
       between the "abc" and the "def".	 Then position the cursor
       before the "abc" and put the terminal in insert mode.   If
       typing  characters  causes  the	rest of the line to shift
       rigidly and characters to fall off the end, then your ter-
       minal  does  not	 distinguish  between  blanks and untyped
       positions.  If the "abc" shifts over to	the  "def"  which
       then  move together around the end of the current line and
       onto the next as you insert, you have the second	 type  of
       terminal,  and should give the capability in, which stands
       for "insert null".  While these are two logically separate
       attributes  (one line vs. multi-line insert mode, and spe-
       cial treatment of untyped spaces) we have seen  no  termi-
       nals whose insert mode cannot be described with the single
       attribute.

       Terminfo can describe both terminals which have an  insert
       mode, and terminals which send a simple sequence to open a
       blank position on the current  line.   Give  as	smir  the
       sequence	 to  get  into	insert	mode.	Give  as rmir the
       sequence to leave insert	 mode.	 Now  give  as	ich1  any
       sequence needed to be sent just before sending the charac-
       ter to be inserted.  Most terminals  with  a  true  insert
       mode  will  not give ich1; terminals which send a sequence
       to open a screen position should give it here.

       If your terminal has both, insert mode is usually  prefer-
       able  to	 ich1.	 Technically,  you  should  not give both
       unless the terminal actually requires both to be	 used  in
       combination.   Accordingly,  some  non-curses applications
       get confused if both are present; the symptom  is  doubled
       characters in an update using insert.  This requirement is
       now rare; most ich sequences do not require previous smir,
       and most smir insert modes do not require ich1 before each
       character.  Therefore, the  new	curses	actually  assumes
       this  is the case and uses either rmir/smir or ich/ich1 as
       appropriate (but not both).  If you have to write an entry
       to  be  used under new curses for a terminal old enough to
       need both, include the rmir/smir sequences in ich1.

       If post insert padding is needed, give this as a number of
       milliseconds  in ip (a string option).  Any other sequence
       which may need to be sent after	an  insert  of	a  single
       character may also be given in ip.  If your terminal needs
       both to be placed into an `insert mode' and a special code
       to  precede  each  inserted character, then both smir/rmir
       and ich1 can be given, and both will  be	 used.	 The  ich

							       26

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       capability, with one parameter, n, will repeat the effects
       of ich1 n times.

       If padding is necessary between characters typed while not
       in  insert  mode,  give	this  as a number of milliseconds
       padding in rmp.

       It is occasionally  necessary  to  move	around	while  in
       insert  mode  to delete characters on the same line (e.g.,
       if there is a tab after the insertion position).	 If  your
       terminal	 allows	 motion while in insert mode you can give
       the capability mir to speed up  inserting  in  this  case.
       Omitting	 mir  will  affect  only  speed.   Some terminals
       (notably Datamedia's) must not have mir because of the way
       their insert mode works.

       Finally,	 you  can specify dch1 to delete a single charac-
       ter, dch with one parameter, n, to  delete  n  characters,
       and  delete mode by giving smdc and rmdc to enter and exit
       delete mode (any mode the terminal needs to be  placed  in
       for dch1 to work).

       A  command to erase n characters (equivalent to outputting
       n blanks without moving the cursor) can be  given  as  ech
       with one parameter.

   Highlighting, Underlining, and Visible Bells
       If  your	 terminal  has	one  or	 more  kinds  of  display
       attributes, these can be represented in a number	 of  dif-
       ferent ways.  You should choose one display form as stand-
       out mode, representing a good, high contrast, easy-on-the-
       eyes,  format  for  highlighting	 error messages and other
       attention getters.  (If you have a choice,  reverse  video
       plus  half-bright  is  good, or reverse video alone.)  The
       sequences to enter and exit standout  mode  are	given  as
       smso  and  rmso, respectively.  If the code to change into
       or out of standout mode	leaves	one  or	 even  two  blank
       spaces  on the screen, as the TVI 912 and Teleray 1061 do,
       then xmc should be given to tell how many spaces are left.

       Codes  to  begin	 underlining  and  end underlining can be
       given as smul and rmul respectively.  If the terminal  has
       a  code	to  underline  the current character and move the
       cursor one space to the right, such as the Microterm Mime,
       this can be given as uc.

       Other  capabilities  to	enter  various highlighting modes
       include blink (blinking) bold (bold or extra  bright)  dim
       (dim  or	 half-bright)  invis (blanking or invisible text)
       prot (protected) rev (reverse video) sgr0  (turn	 off  all
       attribute  modes)  smacs	 (enter	 alternate  character set
       mode) and  rmacs	 (exit	alternate  character  set  mode).
       Turning	on  any of these modes singly may or may not turn

							       27

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       off other modes.

       If there is a sequence to set  arbitrary	 combinations  of
       modes,  this should be given as sgr (set attributes), tak-
       ing 9 parameters.  Each parameter is either 0 or	 nonzero,
       as the corresponding attribute is on or off.  The 9 param-
       eters are, in order: standout, underline, reverse,  blink,
       dim,  bold,  blank, protect, alternate character set.  Not
       all modes need be supported by sgr, only those  for  which
       corresponding separate attribute commands exist.

       For example, the DEC vt220 supports most of the modes:

	   tparm parameter   attribute	  escape sequence

	   none		     none	  \E[0m
	   p1		     standout	  \E[0;1;7m
	   p2		     underline	  \E[0;4m
	   p3		     reverse	  \E[0;7m
	   p4		     blink	  \E[0;5m
	   p5		     dim	  not available
	   p6		     bold	  \E[0;1m
	   p7		     invis	  \E[0;8m
	   p8		     protect	  not used
	   p9		     altcharset	  ^O (off) ^N (on)

       We  begin each escape sequence by turning off any existing
       modes, since there is no quick way  to  determine  whether
       they are active.	 Standout is set up to be the combination
       of reverse and bold.  The vt220	terminal  has  a  protect
       mode,  though  it  is  not commonly used in sgr because it
       protects characters on the screen  from	the  host's  era-
       sures.	The  altcharset mode also is different in that it
       is either ^O or ^N, depending on whether it is off or  on.
       If  all	modes  are  turned  on, the resulting sequence is
       \E[0;1;4;5;7;8m^N.

       Some sequences are common to different modes.   For  exam-
       ple,  ;7	 is output when either p1 or p3 is true, that is,
       if either standout or reverse modes are turned on.

       Writing out the above sequences, along with  their  depen-
       dencies yields

	 sequence    when to output	terminfo translation

	 \E[0	    always		\E[0
	 ;1	    if p1 or p6		%?%p1%p6%|%t;1%;
	 ;4	    if p2		%?%p2%|%t;4%;
	 ;5	    if p4		%?%p4%|%t;5%;
	 ;7	    if p1 or p3		%?%p1%p3%|%t;7%;
	 ;8	    if p7		%?%p7%|%t;8%;
	 m	    always		m

							       28

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

	 ^N or ^O   if p9 ^N, else ^O	%?%p9%t^N%e^O%;

       Putting this all together into the sgr sequence gives:

	   sgr=\E[0%?%p1%p6%|%t;1%;%?%p2%t;4%;%?%p1%p3%|%t;7%;
	       %?%p4%t;5%;%?%p7%t;8%;m%?%p9%t\016%e\017%;,

       Remember	 that  if  you specify sgr, you must also specify
       sgr0.

       Terminals with the ``magic cookie'' glitch  (xmc)  deposit
       special	 ``cookies''   when   they  receive  mode-setting
       sequences, which affect the display algorithm rather  than
       having  extra  bits  for	 each character.  Some terminals,
       such as the HP 2621,  automatically  leave  standout  mode
       when  they  move to a new line or the cursor is addressed.
       Programs using standout mode  should  exit  standout  mode
       before  moving the cursor or sending a newline, unless the
       msgr capability, asserting that it  is  safe  to	 move  in
       standout mode, is present.

       If  the terminal has a way of flashing the screen to indi-
       cate an error quietly (a bell replacement) then	this  can
       be given as flash; it must not move the cursor.

       If  the	cursor	needs to be made more visible than normal
       when it is not on the bottom line (to make, for example, a
       non-blinking  underline	into  an  easier to find block or
       blinking underline) give this sequence as cvvis.	 If there
       is  a  way  to  make the cursor completely invisible, give
       that as civis.  The capability cnorm should be given which
       undoes the effects of both of these modes.

       If your terminal correctly generates underlined characters
       (with no special codes needed) even  though  it	does  not
       overstrike,  then you should give the capability ul.  If a
       character overstriking another leaves both  characters  on
       the screen, specify the capability os.  If overstrikes are
       erasable with a blank, then this should	be  indicated  by
       giving eo.

   Keypad and Function Keys
       If the terminal has a keypad that transmits codes when the
       keys are pressed, this information can be given. Note that
       it  is  not  possible to handle terminals where the keypad
       only works in local (this applies,  for	example,  to  the
       unshifted  HP  2621  keys).   If	 the keypad can be set to
       transmit or not transmit, give these  codes  as	smkx  and
       rmkx.  Otherwise the keypad is assumed to always transmit.
       The codes sent by the left arrow, right arrow,  up  arrow,
       down  arrow,  and  home keys can be given as kcub1, kcuf1,
       kcuu1, kcud1, and khome respectively.  If there are  func-
       tion  keys  such	 as f0, f1, ..., f10, the codes they send

							       29

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       can be given as kf0, kf1, ..., kf10.  If these  keys  have
       labels  other  than the default f0 through f10, the labels
       can be given as lf0, lf1, ..., lf10.  The codes	transmit-
       ted  by certain other special keys can be given: kll (home
       down), kbs  (backspace),	 ktbc  (clear  all  tabs),  kctab
       (clear the tab stop in this column), kclr (clear screen or
       erase key), kdch1 (delete character), kdl1 (delete  line),
       krmir  (exit insert mode), kel (clear to end of line), ked
       (clear to end of screen), kich1 (insert character or enter
       insert  mode),  kil1  (insert  line), knp (next page), kpp
       (previous page), kind (scroll forward/down),  kri  (scroll
       backward/up),  khts  (set  a tab stop in this column).  In
       addition, if the keypad has a 3 by 3 array of keys includ-
       ing  the four arrow keys, the other five keys can be given
       as ka1, ka3, kb2, kc1, and kc3.	 These	keys  are  useful
       when the effects of a 3 by 3 directional pad are needed.

       Strings	to  program  function keys can be given as pfkey,
       pfloc, and pfx.	A string to program screen labels  should
       be  specified  as  pln.	 Each  of these strings takes two
       parameters: the function key number to program (from 0  to
       10)  and the string to program it with.	Function key num-
       bers out of this range may program  undefined  keys  in	a
       terminal	 dependent  manner.   The  difference between the
       capabilities is that pfkey causes pressing the  given  key
       to  be the same as the user typing the given string; pfloc
       causes the string to be executed by the terminal in local;
       and  pfx	 causes	 the string to be transmitted to the com-
       puter.

       The capabilities nlab, lw and lh define the number of pro-
       grammable  screen  labels  and their width and height.  If
       there are commands to turn the labels  on  and  off,  give
       them  in smln and rmln.	smln is normally output after one
       or more pln sequences to make sure that the change becomes
       visible.

   Tabs and Initialization
       If  the terminal has hardware tabs, the command to advance
       to the next tab stop can be given as ht	(usually  control
       I).   A	``back-tab''  command which moves leftward to the
       preceding tab stop can be given as cbt.	By convention, if
       the  teletype  modes indicate that tabs are being expanded
       by the computer rather than being sent  to  the	terminal,
       programs	 should	 not  use ht or cbt even if they are pre-
       sent, since the user may not have the tab  stops	 properly
       set.   If  the  terminal	 has hardware tabs which are ini-
       tially set every n spaces when the terminal is powered up,
       the  numeric  parameter it is given, showing the number of
       spaces the tabs are set to.  This is normally used by  the
       tset  command  to  determine  whether  to set the mode for
       hardware tab expansion, and whether to set the tab  stops.
       If  the	terminal  has tab stops that can be saved in non-

							       30

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       volatile memory, the terminfo description can assume  that
       they are properly set.

       Other  capabilities include is1, is2, and is3, initializa-
       tion strings for the terminal, iprog, the path name  of	a
       program	to be run to initialize the terminal, and if, the
       name of a file  containing  long	 initialization	 strings.
       These  strings are expected to set the terminal into modes
       consistent with the  rest  of  the  terminfo  description.
       They are normally sent to the terminal, by the init option
       of the tput program, each time the  user	 logs  in.   They
       will  be	 printed  in the following order: run the program
       iprog; output is1; is2; set the margins using mgc, smgland
       smgr;  set  tabs using tbc and hts; print the file if; and
       finally output is3.

       Most initialization is done with	 is2.	Special	 terminal
       modes can be set up without duplicating strings by putting
       the common sequences in is2 and special cases in	 is1  and
       is3.   A pair of sequences that does a harder reset from a
       totally unknown state can be  analogously  given	 as  rs1,
       rs2,  rf, and rs3, analogous to is2 and if.  These strings
       are output by the reset program, which is  used	when  the
       terminal	 gets into a wedged state.  Commands are normally
       placed in rs1, rs2 rs3 and rf only if they produce  annoy-
       ing  effects on the screen and are not necessary when log-
       ging in.	 For example, the command to set the  vt100  into
       80-column  mode	would  normally	 be  part  of is2, but it
       causes an annoying glitch of the screen and  is	not  nor-
       mally  needed  since the terminal is usually already in 80
       column mode.

       If there are commands to set and clear tab stops, they can
       be  given  as tbc (clear all tab stops) and hts (set a tab
       stop in the current column of every row).  If a more  com-
       plex  sequence  is  needed  to  set  the	 tabs than can be
       described by this, the sequence can be placed  in  is2  or
       if.

   Delays and Padding
       Many  older  and	 slower	 terminals  don't  support either
       XON/XOFF or DTR handshaking, including hard copy terminals
       and  some  very	archaic CRTs (including, for example, DEC
       VT100s).	 These may require padding characters after  cer-
       tain cursor motions and screen changes.

       If the terminal uses xon/xoff handshaking for flow control
       (that is, it automatically emits ^S back to the host  when
       its input buffers are close to full), set xon.  This capa-
       bility suppresses the emission of padding.  You	can  also
       set  it for memory-mapped console devices effectively that
       don't have a  speed  limit.   Padding  information  should
       still  be  included so that routines can make better deci-
       sions about relative costs, but actual pad characters will

							       31

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       not be transmitted.

       If  pb (padding baud rate) is given, padding is suppressed
       at baud rates below the value of pb.  If the entry has  no
       padding	baud rate, then whether padding is emitted or not
       is completely controlled by xon.

       If the terminal requires other than a null (zero)  charac-
       ter  as	a  pad,	 then this can be given as pad.	 Only the
       first character of the pad string is used.

   Status Lines
       Some terminals have an extra `status line'  which  is  not
       normally	 used  by  software  (and thus not counted in the
       terminal's lines capability).

       The simplest case  is  a	 status	 line  which  is  cursor-
       addressable  but	 not part of the main scrolling region on
       the screen; the Heathkit H19 has a  status  line	 of  this
       kind,  as  would	 a 24-line VT100 with a 23-line scrolling
       region set up on initialization.	 This situation is  indi-
       cated by the hs capability.

       Some terminals with status lines need special sequences to
       access the status line.	 These	may  be	 expressed  as	a
       string with single parameter tsl which takes the cursor to
       a given zero-origin column on the status line.  The  capa-
       bility fsl must return to the main-screen cursor positions
       before the last tsl.  You may need  to  embed  the  string
       values  of sc (save cursor) and rc (restore cursor) in tsl
       and fsl to accomplish this.

       The status line is normally assumed to be the  same  width
       as  the width of the terminal.  If this is untrue, you can
       specify it with the numeric capability wsl.

       A command to erase or blank the status line may be  speci-
       fied as dsl.

       The   boolean   capability  eslok  specifies  that  escape
       sequences, tabs, etc. work ordinarily in the status  line.

       The  ncurses  implementation does not yet use any of these
       capabilities.  They are documented here in case they  ever
       become important.

   Line Graphics
       Many  terminals	have  alternate character sets useful for
       forms-drawing.  Terminfo and curses build in  support  for
       the  drawing  characters supported by the VT100, with some
       characters from the AT&T	 4410v1	 added.	  This	alternate
       character set may be specified by the acsc capability.

							       32

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

		Glyph		  ACS		 Ascii	    VT100
		 Name		  Name		 Default    Name
       UK pound sign		  ACS_STERLING	 f	    }
       arrow pointing down	  ACS_DARROW	 v	    .
       arrow pointing left	  ACS_LARROW	 <	    ,
       arrow pointing right	  ACS_RARROW	 >	    +
       arrow pointing up	  ACS_UARROW	 ^	    -
       board of squares		  ACS_BOARD	 #	    h
       bullet			  ACS_BULLET	 o	    ~
       checker board (stipple)	  ACS_CKBOARD	 :	    a
       degree symbol		  ACS_DEGREE	 \	    f
       diamond			  ACS_DIAMOND	 +	    `
       greater-than-or-equal-to	  ACS_GEQUAL	 >	    z
       greek pi			  ACS_PI	 *	    {
       horizontal line		  ACS_HLINE	 -	    q
       lantern symbol		  ACS_LANTERN	 #	    i
       large plus or crossover	  ACS_PLUS	 +	    n
       less-than-or-equal-to	  ACS_LEQUAL	 <	    y
       lower left corner	  ACS_LLCORNER	 +	    m
       lower right corner	  ACS_LRCORNER	 +	    j
       not-equal		  ACS_NEQUAL	 !	    |
       plus/minus		  ACS_PLMINUS	 #	    g
       scan line 1		  ACS_S1	 ~	    o
       scan line 3		  ACS_S3	 -	    p
       scan line 7		  ACS_S7	 -	    r
       scan line 9		  ACS_S9	 _	    s
       solid square block	  ACS_BLOCK	 #	    0
       tee pointing down	  ACS_TTEE	 +	    w
       tee pointing left	  ACS_RTEE	 +	    u
       tee pointing right	  ACS_LTEE	 +	    t
       tee pointing up		  ACS_BTEE	 +	    v
       upper left corner	  ACS_ULCORNER	 +	    l
       upper right corner	  ACS_URCORNER	 +	    k
       vertical line		  ACS_VLINE	 |	    x

       The  best  way to define a new device's graphics set is to
       add a column to a copy of this table  for  your	terminal,
       giving	the   character	  which	  (when	 emitted  between
       smacs/rmacs switches) will be rendered as the  correspond-
       ing  graphic.  Then read off the VT100/your terminal char-
       acter pairs right to left in sequence;  these  become  the
       ACSC string.

   Color Handling
       Most  color  terminals are either `Tektronix-like' or `HP-
       like'.  Tektronix-like terminals have a predefined set  of
       N  colors  (where N usually 8), and can set character-cell
       foreground and background characters independently, mixing
       them  into  N  * N color-pairs.	On HP-like terminals, the
       use must set each color pair up separately (foreground and
       background  are	not  independently  settable).	 Up  to M
       color-pairs may be  set	up  from  2*M  different  colors.
       ANSI-compatible terminals are Tektronix-like.

							       33

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       Some basic color capabilities are independent of the color
       method.	The numeric capabilities colors and pairs specify
       the  maximum numbers of colors and color-pairs that can be
       displayed simultaneously.  The op (original  pair)  string
       resets  foreground  and background colors to their default
       values for the terminal.	 The oc string resets all  colors
       or  color-pairs	to their default values for the terminal.
       Some terminals  (including  many	 PC  terminal  emulators)
       erase  screen  areas  with  the	current	 background color
       rather than the power-up default background; these  should
       have the boolean capability bce.

       To  change the current foreground or background color on a
       Tektronix-type terminal, use setaf (set	ANSI  foreground)
       and  setab  (set ANSI background) or setf (set foreground)
       and setb (set background).  These take one parameter,  the
       color  number.	The  SVr4  documentation  describes  only
       setaf/setab; the XPG4 draft says	 that  "If  the	 terminal
       supports ANSI escape sequences to set background and fore-
       ground, they should be coded as setaf and  setab,  respec-
       tively.	 If  the terminal supports other escape sequences
       to set background and foreground, they should be coded  as
       setf  and  setb, respectively.  The vidputs() function and
       the refresh functions use setaf	and  setab  if	they  are
       defined."

       The  setaf/setab	 and setf/setb capabilities take a single
       numeric argument each.  Argument values 0-7  are	 portably
       defined	as  follows  (the  middle  column is the symbolic
       #define available in the header for the curses or  ncurses
       libraries).  The terminal hardware is free to map these as
       it likes, but the RGB values indicate normal locations  in
       color space.

	     Color	 #define       Value	   RGB
	     black     COLOR_BLACK	 0     0, 0, 0
	     red       COLOR_RED	 1     max,0,0
	     green     COLOR_GREEN	 2     0,max,0
	     yellow    COLOR_YELLOW	 3     max,max,0
	     blue      COLOR_BLUE	 4     0,0,max
	     magenta   COLOR_MAGENTA	 5     max,0,max
	     cyan      COLOR_CYAN	 6     0,max,max
	     white     COLOR_WHITE	 7     max,max,max

       On  an  HP-like terminal, use scp with a color-pair number
       parameter to set which color pair is current.

       On a Tektronix-like terminal, the capability  ccc  may  be
       present	to  indicate that colors can be modified.  If so,
       the initc capability will take a color number (0 to colors
       -  1)and	 three	more parameters which describe the color.
       These three parameters default to being interpreted as RGB
       (Red,  Green, Blue) values.  If the boolean capability hls
       is present, they	 are  instead  as  HLS	(Hue,  Lightness,

							       34

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       Saturation) indices.  The ranges are terminal-dependent.

       On  an  HP-like	terminal, initp may give a capability for
       changing a color-pair value.  It will take  seven  parame-
       ters;  a	 color-pair  number (0 to max_pairs - 1), and two
       triples describing first background  and	 then  foreground
       colors.	 These	parameters  must be (Red, Green, Blue) or
       (Hue, Lightness, Saturation) depending on hls.

       On some color terminals, colors collide	with  highlights.
       You can register these collisions with the ncv capability.
       This is a bit-mask of attributes not to be used when  col-
       ors  are	 enabled.  The correspondence with the attributes
       understood by curses is as follows:

		      Attribute	     Bit   Decimal
		      A_STANDOUT     0	   1
		      A_UNDERLINE    1	   2
		      A_REVERSE	     2	   4
		      A_BLINK	     3	   8
		      A_DIM	     4	   16
		      A_BOLD	     5	   32
		      A_INVIS	     6	   64
		      A_PROTECT	     7	   128
		      A_ALTCHARSET   8	   256

       For example,  on	 many  IBM  PC	consoles,  the	underline
       attribute  collides  with the foreground color blue and is
       not available in color mode.  These  should  have  an  ncv
       capability of 2.

       SVr4  curses  does nothing with ncv, ncurses recognizes it
       and optimizes the output in favor of colors.

   Miscellaneous
       If the terminal requires other than a null (zero)  charac-
       ter  as	a  pad,	 then this can be given as pad.	 Only the
       first character of the pad string is used.  If the  termi-
       nal does not have a pad character, specify npc.	Note that
       ncurses implements  the	termcap-compatible  PC	variable;
       though  the  application	 may  set this value to something
       other than a null, ncurses will test  npc  first	 and  use
       napms if the terminal has no pad character.

       If  the terminal can move up or down half a line, this can
       be indicated with hu  (half-line	 up)  and  hd  (half-line
       down).  This is primarily useful for superscripts and sub-
       scripts on hard-copy terminals.	If a  hard-copy	 terminal
       can  eject  to  the next page (form feed), give this as ff
       (usually control L).

       If there is a command to repeat a given character a  given
       number  of times (to save time transmitting a large number

							       35

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       of identical characters) this can be  indicated	with  the
       parameterized  string  rep.   The  first	 parameter is the
       character to be repeated and the second is the  number  of
       times  to repeat it.  Thus, tparm(repeat_char, 'x', 10) is
       the same as `xxxxxxxxxx'.

       If the terminal has a settable command character, such  as
       the  TEKTRONIX  4025, this can be indicated with cmdch.	A
       prototype command character is chosen which is used in all
       capabilities.   This character is given in the cmdch capa-
       bility to identify it.  The following convention	 is  sup-
       ported  on  some	 UNIX  systems:	 The environment is to be
       searched for a CC variable, and if found, all  occurrences
       of the prototype character are replaced with the character
       in the environment variable.

       Terminal descriptions that do  not  represent  a	 specific
       kind of known terminal, such as switch, dialup, patch, and
       network, should include the  gn	(generic)  capability  so
       that  programs  can  complain that they do not know how to
       talk to the terminal.  (This capability does not apply  to
       virtual	 terminal   descriptions  for  which  the  escape
       sequences are known.)

       If the terminal has a ``meta key'' which acts as	 a  shift
       key,  setting  the  8th	bit of any character transmitted,
       this fact can be indicated with km.   Otherwise,	 software
       will assume that the 8th bit is parity and it will usually
       be cleared.  If strings exist to turn this  ``meta  mode''
       on and off, they can be given as smm and rmm.

       If  the terminal has more lines of memory than will fit on
       the screen at once, the number of lines of memory  can  be
       indicated  with	lm.   A	 value of lm#0 indicates that the
       number of lines is not fixed, but that there is still more
       memory than fits on the screen.

       If the terminal is one of those supported by the UNIX vir-
       tual terminal protocol, the terminal number can	be  given
       as vt.

       Media copy strings which control an auxiliary printer con-
       nected to the terminal can be given as mc0: print the con-
       tents  of  the screen, mc4: turn off the printer, and mc5:
       turn on the printer.  When the printer  is  on,	all  text
       sent  to	 the terminal will be sent to the printer.  It is
       undefined whether the text is also displayed on the termi-
       nal screen when the printer is on.  A variation mc5p takes
       one parameter, and leaves the printer on for as many char-
       acters  as  the	value  of  the	parameter, then turns the
       printer off.  The parameter should not  exceed  255.   All
       text,  including	 mc4,  is  transparently  passed  to  the
       printer while an mc5p is in effect.

							       36

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

   Glitches and Braindamage
       Hazeltine terminals, which do not allow `~' characters  to
       be displayed should indicate hz.

       Terminals which ignore a line-feed immediately after an am
       wrap, such as the Concept and vt100, should indicate xenl.

       If  el  is  required  to	 get  rid of standout (instead of
       merely writing normal text on top of it),  xhp  should  be
       given.

       Teleray	terminals,  where  tabs turn all characters moved
       over to blanks, should  indicate	 xt  (destructive  tabs).
       Note:	the    variable	   indicating	 this	 is   now
       `dest_tabs_magic_smso'; in older	 versions,  it	was  tel-
       eray_glitch.  This glitch is also taken to mean that it is
       not possible to position the cursor on top  of  a  ``magic
       cookie'', that to erase standout mode it is instead neces-
       sary to use delete and insert line.  The ncurses implemen-
       tation ignores this glitch.

       The  Beehive Superbee, which is unable to correctly trans-
       mit the escape or control C characters, has xsb,	 indicat-
       ing  that the f1 key is used for escape and f2 for control
       C.  (Only certain Superbees have this  problem,	depending
       on  the	ROM.)  Note that in older terminfo versions, this
       capability  was	called	`beehive_glitch';   it	 is   now
       `no_esc_ctl_c'.

       Other  specific	terminal  problems  may	 be  corrected by
       adding more capabilities of the form xx.

   Similar Terminals
       If there are  two  very	similar	 terminals,  one  can  be
       defined	as  being just like the other with certain excep-
       tions.  The string capability use can be	 given	with  the
       name  of	 the  similar  terminal.   The capabilities given
       before use override those in the terminal type invoked  by
       use.   A	 capability can be canceled by placing xx@ to the
       left of the capability definition, where xx is  the  capa-
       bility.	For example, the entry

		   2621-nl, smkx@, rmkx@, use=2621,

       defines	a  2621-nl  that  does	not have the smkx or rmkx
       capabilities, and hence does not turn on the function  key
       labels  when in visual mode.  This is useful for different
       modes for a terminal, or for different user preferences.

   Pitfalls of Long Entries
       Long terminfo entries are unlikely to  be  a  problem;  to
       date,  no  entry has even approached terminfo's 4K string-

							       37

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       table maximum.  Unfortunately,  the  termcap  translations
       are  much  more	strictly  limited  (to	1K), thus termcap
       translations of long terminfo entries can cause	problems.

       The  man	 pages for 4.3BSD and older versions of tgetent()
       instruct the user to allocate a 1K buffer for the  termcap
       entry.	The  entry  gets  null-terminated  by the termcap
       library, so that makes the maximum safe length for a term-
       cap entry 1k-1 (1023) bytes.  Depending on what the appli-
       cation and the termcap library being used does, and  where
       in  the	termcap	 file the terminal type that tgetent() is
       searching for is, several bad things can happen.

       Some termcap libraries print a warning message or exit  if
       they  find  an entry that's longer than 1023 bytes; others
       don't; others truncate the entries to  1023  bytes.   Some
       application programs allocate more than the recommended 1K
       for the termcap entry; others don't.

       Each termcap entry has two important sizes associated with
       it: before "tc" expansion, and after "tc" expansion.  "tc"
       is the capability that tacks on another termcap	entry  to
       the  end	 of  the current one, to add on its capabilities.
       If a termcap entry doesn't use the "tc"	capability,  then
       of course the two lengths are the same.

       The  "before  tc	 expansion"  length is the most important
       one, because it affects more than just users of that  par-
       ticular	terminal.   This is the length of the entry as it
       exists in /etc/termcap, minus the backslash-newline pairs,
       which tgetent() strips out while reading it.  Some termcap
       libraries strip off the final newline,  too  (GNU  termcap
       does not).  Now suppose:

       *    a  termcap	entry  before expansion is more than 1023
	    bytes long,

       *    and the application has only allocated a 1k buffer,

       *    and the termcap library (like the one in  BSD/OS  1.1
	    and	 GNU)  reads  the whole entry into the buffer, no
	    matter what its length, to see if it's the	entry  it
	    wants,

       *    and	 tgetent()  is searching for a terminal type that
	    either is the long entry, appears in the termcap file
	    after  the	long entry, or doesn't appear in the file
	    at all (so that tgetent() has  to  search  the  whole
	    termcap file).

       Then  tgetent()	will overwrite memory, perhaps its stack,
       and probably core dump the program.  Programs like  telnet
       are  particularly  vulnerable;  modern  telnets pass along
       values like the terminal type automatically.  The  results

							       38

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       are  almost  as	undesirable  with a termcap library, like
       SunOS 4.1.3 and Ultrix 4.4, that prints	warning	 messages
       when  it reads an overly long termcap entry.  If a termcap
       library truncates long entries,	like  OSF/1  3.0,  it  is
       immune  to  dying  here but will return incorrect data for
       the terminal.

       The "after tc expansion" length will have a similar effect
       to the above, but only for people who actually set TERM to
       that terminal type, since tgetent() only does "tc"  expan-
       sion once it's found the terminal type it was looking for,
       not while searching.

       In summary, a termcap entry that is longer than 1023 bytes
       can  cause,  on	various combinations of termcap libraries
       and applications, a  core  dump,	 warnings,  or	incorrect
       operation.   If	it's too long even before "tc" expansion,
       it will have this effect even for users of some other ter-
       minal  types and users whose TERM variable does not have a
       termcap entry.

       When in -C (translate to termcap) mode, the ncurses imple-
       mentation  of tic(1) issues warning messages when the pre-
       tc length of a termcap translation is too  long.	  The  -c
       (check)	option	also checks resolved (after tc expansion)
       lengths.

   Binary Compatibility
       It is not wise to count on portability of binary	 terminfo
       entries	between commercial UNIX versions.  The problem is
       that there are at least two versions  of	 terminfo  (under
       HP-UX and AIX) which diverged from System V terminfo after
       SVr1, and have added extension capabilities to the  string
       table  that  (in	 the binary format) collide with System V
       and XSI Curses extensions.

EXTENSIONS
       The %x operator in parameterized strings is unique to  the
       ncurses	implementation	of tparm (it is required in order
       to support an unfortunate choice of initc  format  on  the
       Linux console).

       Some  SVr4  curses  implementations,  and  all previous to
       SVr4, don't interpret the %A and %O operators in parameter
       strings.

       SVr4/XPG4  do  not  specify whether msgr licenses movement
       while in an alternate-character-set mode (such modes  may,
       among other things, map CR and NL to characters that don't
       trigger	local  motions).   The	 ncurses   implementation
       ignores	msgr  in ALTCHARSET mode.  This raises the possi-
       bility that an XPG4  implementation  making  the	 opposite
       interpretation  may need terminfo entries made for ncurses
       to have msgr turned off.

							       39

TERMINFO(5)		   File Formats		      TERMINFO(5)

       The ncurses library handles insert-character  and  insert-
       character modes in a slightly non-standard way in order to
       get better update efficiency.  See the Insert/Delete Char-
       acter subsection above.

       The   parameter	 substitutions	for  set_clock	and  dis-
       play_clock are not documented in SVr4 or	 the  XSI  Curses
       standard.  They are deduced from the documentation for the
       AT&T 505 terminal.

       Be careful assigning the kmous  capability.   The  ncurses
       wants  to  interpret it as KEY_MOUSE, for use by terminals
       and emulators like xterm that  can  return  mouse-tracking
       information in the keyboard-input stream.

       Different  commercial ports of terminfo and curses support
       different subsets of the XSI Curses standard and (in  some
       cases) different extension sets.	 Here is a summary, accu-
       rate as of October 1995:

       SVR4, Solaris, ncurses -- These support all SVr4 capabili-
       ties.

       SGI  --	Supports  the  SVr4  set,  adds	 one undocumented
       extended string capability (set_pglen).

       SVr1, Ultrix -- These support a restricted subset of  ter-
       minfo  capabilities.   The booleans end with xon_xoff; the
       numerics with  width_status_line;  and  the  strings  with
       prtr_non.

       HP/UX  --  Supports  the	 SVr1  subset,	plus the SVr[234]
       numerics num_labels, label_height, label_width, plus func-
       tion  keys  11  through	63, plus plab_norm, label_on, and
       label_off, plus some incompatible extensions in the string
       table.

       AIX  --	Supports  the  SVr1 subset, plus function keys 11
       through 63, plus a number  of  incompatible  string  table
       extensions.

       OSF  -- Supports both the SVr4 set and the AIX extensions.

FILES
       /usr/share/terminfo/?/*	files	  containing	 terminal
				descriptions

SEE ALSO
       tic(1), curses(3), printf(3S), term(5).

AUTHORS
       Zeyd  M.	 Ben-Halim,  Eric  S.  Raymond, Thomas E. Dickey.
       Based on pcurses by Pavel Curtis.

							       40

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