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RESOLVER(3)		   Linux Programmer's Manual		   RESOLVER(3)

NAME
       res_init,    res_query,	 res_search,   res_querydomain,	  res_mkquery,
       res_send, dn_comp, dn_expand - resolver routines

SYNOPSIS
       #include <netinet/in.h>
       #include <arpa/nameser.h>
       #include <resolv.h>
       extern struct state _res;

       int res_init(void);

       int res_query(const char *dname, int class, int type,
	      unsigned char *answer, int anslen);

       int res_search(const char *dname, int class, int type,
	      unsigned char *answer, int anslen);

       int res_querydomain(const char *name, const char *domain,
	      int class, int type, unsigned char *answer,
	      int anslen);

       int res_mkquery(int op, const char *dname, int class,
	      int type, char *data, int datalen, struct rrec *newrr,
	      char *buf, int buflen);

       int res_send(const char *msg, int msglen, char *answer,
	      int anslen);

       int dn_comp(unsigned char *exp_dn, unsigned char *comp_dn,
	      int length, unsigned char **dnptrs, unsigned char **lastdnptr);

       int dn_expand(unsigned char *msg, unsigned char *eomorig,
	      unsigned char *comp_dn, char *exp_dn,
	      int length);

       Link with -lresolv.

DESCRIPTION
       These functions make queries to and interpret the responses from Inter‐
       net domain name servers.

       The   res_init()	  function   reads   the   configuration   files  (see
       resolv.conf(5)) to get the default domain name, search order  and  name
       server  address(es).   If  no server is given, the local host is tried.
       If no domain is given, that associated with the local host is used.  It
       can   be	  overridden   with   the  environment	variable  LOCALDOMAIN.
       res_init() is normally executed by the first call to one of  the	 other
       functions.

       The  res_query()	 function queries the name server for the fully quali‐
       fied domain name name of specified type and class.  The reply  is  left
       in the buffer answer of length anslen supplied by the caller.

       The res_search() function makes a query and waits for the response like
       res_query(), but in addition implements the default  and	 search	 rules
       controlled  by  RES_DEFNAMES  and  RES_DNSRCH  (see description of _res
       options below).

       The res_querydomain() function makes a query using res_query()  on  the
       concatenation of name and domain.

       The following functions are lower-level routines used by res_query().

       The  res_mkquery() function constructs a query message in buf of length
       buflen for the domain name dname.  The query type op is usually	QUERY,
       but can be any of the types defined in <arpa/nameser.h>.	 newrr is cur‐
       rently unused.

       The res_send() function sends a preformatted  query  given  in  msg  of
       length  msglen  and  returns  the  answer  in answer which is of length
       anslen.	It will call res_init(), if it has not already been called.

       The dn_comp() function compresses the domain name exp_dn and stores  it
       in  the buffer comp_dn of length length.	 The compression uses an array
       of pointers dnptrs to previously compressed names in the	 current  mes‐
       sage.  The first pointer points to the beginning of the message and the
       list ends with NULL.  The limit of the array is specified by lastdnptr.
       If  dnptr  is  NULL,  domain names are not compressed.  If lastdnptr is
       NULL, the list of labels is not updated.

       The dn_expand() function expands the compressed domain name comp_dn  to
       a  full	domain	name,  which  is  placed  in the buffer exp_dn of size
       length.	The compressed name is contained in a query or reply  message,
       and msg points to the beginning of the message.

       The  resolver  routines	use global configuration and state information
       contained in the structure _res, which is defined in  <resolv.h>.   The
       only  field  that  is normally manipulated by the user is _res.options.
       This field can contain the bitwise "OR" of the following options:

       RES_INIT
	      True if res_init() has been called.

       RES_DEBUG
	      Print debugging messages.	 This  option  is  available  only  if
	      glibc  was  built	 with  debugging  enabled,  which  is  not the
	      default.

       RES_AAONLY
	      Accept authoritative answers only.  res_send()  continues	 until
	      it finds an authoritative answer or returns an error.  [Not cur‐
	      rently implemented].

       RES_USEVC
	      Use TCP connections for queries rather than UDP datagrams.

       RES_PRIMARY
	      Query primary domain name server only.

       RES_IGNTC
	      Ignore truncation errors.	 Don't retry with TCP.	[Not currently
	      implemented].

       RES_RECURSE
	      Set  the recursion desired bit in queries.  Recursion is carried
	      out by the domain name server, not by res_send().	  [Enabled  by
	      default].

       RES_DEFNAMES
	      If set, res_search() will append the default domain name to sin‐
	      gle component names, i.e., those that  do	 not  contain  a  dot.
	      [Enabled by default].

       RES_STAYOPEN
	      Used  with  RES_USEVC  to	 keep  the TCP connection open between
	      queries.

       RES_DNSRCH
	      If set, res_search() will search for hostnames  in  the  current
	      domain and in parent domains.  This option is used by gethostby‐
	      name(3).	[Enabled by default].

       This list is not complete.  You can find some other flags described  in
       resolv.conf(5).

RETURN VALUE
       The res_init() function returns 0 on success, or -1 if an error occurs.

       The  res_query(),  res_search(),	 res_querydomain(),  res_mkquery() and
       res_send() functions return the length of the response,	or  -1	if  an
       error occurs.

       The  dn_comp()  and dn_expand() functions return the length of the com‐
       pressed name, or -1 if an error occurs.

FILES
       /etc/resolv.conf		 resolver configuration file
       /etc/host.conf		 resolver configuration file

CONFORMING TO
       4.3BSD.

SEE ALSO
       gethostbyname(3), resolv.conf(5), resolver(5), hostname(7), named(8)

COLOPHON
       This page is part of release 3.54 of the Linux  man-pages  project.   A
       description  of	the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
       be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

GNU				  2013-03-05			   RESOLVER(3)
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