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putc(3)								       putc(3)

NAME
       putc,  fputc,  putc_unlocked, putchar, putchar_unlocked, putw - Write a
       byte or a word to a stream

SYNOPSIS
       #include <stdio.h>

       int putc(
	       int c,
	       FILE *stream ); int fputc(
	       int c,
	       FILE *stream ); int putc_inlocked(
	       int c,
	       FILE *file ); int putchar(
	       int c ); int putchar_unlocked(
	       int c ); int putw(
	       int w,
	       FILE *stream );

LIBRARY
       Standard C Library (libc)

STANDARDS
       Interfaces documented on this reference page conform to industry	 stan‐
       dards as follows:

       fputc(),	 putc(),  putc_unlocked,  putchar(), putchar_unlocked, putw():
       XSH5.0

       Refer to the standards(5) reference page	 for  more  information	 about
       industry standards and associated tags.

PARAMETERS
       Specifies  the  byte to be written.  Points to the file structure of an
       open file.  Specifies the word to be written.

DESCRIPTION
       The putc() function writes the byte c (converted to an  unsigned	 char)
       to the output specified by the stream parameter. The byte is written at
       the position at which  the  file	 pointer  is  currently	 pointing  (if
       defined)	 and  advances the indicator appropriately. If the file cannot
       support positioning requests, or if the stream was opened  with	append
       mode, the byte is appended to the output stream.

       The  putc()  function may be a macro (depending on compile-time defini‐
       tions). See the NOTES section for more information.

       The fputc() function performs the same operation as putc(), but fputc()
       is  never  a macro.  The fputc() function runs more slowly than putc(),
       but requires less space per invocation.

       The putchar() function is the same as the putc() function  except  that
       putchar()  writes  to the standard output. Note that putchar() can also
       be a macro.

       [Tru64 UNIX]  The reentrant versions  of	 these	functions  are	locked
       against	simultaneous  calls from multiple threads. This locking incurs
       overhead to ensure integrity of the stream. To avoid locking  overhead,
       use  the	 unlocked  versions  of	 these	calls, the putc_unlocked() and
       putchar_unlocked()     functions.     The      putc_unlocked()	   and
       putchar_unlocked()  functions  are functionally identical to the putc()
       and   putchar()	 functions,   except	that	putc_unlocked()	   and
       putchar_unlocked()  may be safely used only within a scope that is pro‐
       tected by the flockfile() and funlockfile() functions used as  a	 pair.
       The caller must ensure that the stream is locked before these functions
       are used.

       The putw() function writes the word (int) specified by the w  parameter
       to the output specified by the stream parameter. The word is written at
       the position at which the file pointer, if defined, is  pointing.   The
       size  of a word is the size of an integer and varies from one processor
       architecture to another. The putw() function does not assume  or	 cause
       special alignment of the data in the file.

       Because of possible differences in word length and byte ordering, files
       written using the putw() function are machine dependent, and may not be
       readable using the getw() function on a different processor.

       The  st_ctime  and  st_mtime  fields  of the file are marked for update
       between the successful execution of the putc(), putw(),	putchar(),  or
       fputc() function and the next successful completion of a call to one of
       the following: The fflush() or fclose() function on the same stream The
       exit() or abort() function

NOTES
       The putc() and putchar() functions may be macros (depending on the com‐
       pile-time definitions used in the source).   Consequently,  you	cannot
       use these interfaces where a function is necessary; for example, a sub‐
       routine pointer cannot point to one of these interfaces.	 In  addition,
       putc()  does  not  work correctly with a stream parameter that has side
       effects. In particular, the following does not work:

       putc(*f++)

       In cases like this one, use the fputc() function instead.

RETURN VALUES
       The putc(), putc_unlocked(), putchar(), putchar_unlocked(), and fputc()
       functions,  upon	 successful  completion, return the value written.  If
       these functions fail, they return the constant EOF.  They fail  if  the
       stream  parameter is not open for writing, or if the size of the output
       file cannot be increased. The putw() function, upon successful  comple‐
       tion,  returns  a value of 0 (zero).  Otherwise, the function returns a
       nonzero value.

ERRORS
       The putc(), putc_unlocked(), putw(), putchar(), putchar_unlocked(), and
       fputc()	functions  fail	 under either of the following conditions: The
       stream is unbuffered.  The stream's buffer needed to be flushed and the
       function	 call  caused an underlying write() or lseek() operation to be
       invoked and this underlying operation fails.

       In addition, the putc(), putw(), putchar(), and fputc()	functions  set
       errno  to  the specified value for the following conditions: The O_NON‐
       BLOCK option is set for the file descriptor underlying stream  and  the
       process	would  be delayed in the write operation.  The file descriptor
       underlying stream is not a valid file descriptor open for writing.   An
       attempt	was  made  to  write to a file that exceeds the process's file
       size limit or the maximum file size.  The write	operation  was	inter‐
       rupted  by  a signal that was caught, and no data was transferred.  The
       implementation supports job control; the process is a member of a back‐
       ground  process	group attempting to write to its controlling terminal;
       TOSTOP is set; the process is neither ignoring  nor  blocking  SIGTTOU;
       and  the	 process group of the process is orphaned. This error may also
       be returned under implementation-defined conditions.

	      A physical I/O error has occurred. This condition	 is  specified
	      for  Issue  4  Version 2 and higher issues of the XSH specifica‐
	      tion.  There was no free space remaining on the device  contain‐
	      ing  the	file.	An attempt was made to write to a pipe or FIFO
	      that is not open for reading by any process.  A  SIGPIPE	signal
	      will also be sent to the process.

SEE ALSO
       Functions:  ferror(3),  fgetws(3),  flockfile(3),  fputws(3),  funlock‐
       file(3), getc(3), getwc(3), printf(3), puts(3), putwc(3)

       Standards: standards(5)

								       putc(3)
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