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acct(8)								       acct(8)

NAME
       acct,  chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp,
       prdaily,	 prtacct,  remove,  shutacct,  startup,	 turnacct  -   Provide
       accounting commands for shell scripts

SYNOPSIS
       chargefee User  Number

       ckpacct [BlockSize]

       dodisk [-o] [File...]

       lastlogin

       monacct [Number]

       nulladm [File...]

       prctmp File...

       prdaily [[-l] [mmdd]] | [-c]

       prtacct [-f Specification] [-v] File ['Heading']

       remove

       shutacct	 ['Reason']

       startup

       turnacct on | off | switch

DESCRIPTION
       There  are  a  number of commands in the /usr/sbin/acct directory that,
       along with other accounting commands, enable  you  to  produce  a  wide
       range of system accounting records and files.  For example, the runacct
       script invokes some accounting commands	and  enables  you  to  produce
       daily  accounting  records and files.  Some of the commands in the acct
       directory are invoked when active accounting files  become  too	large,
       and  other  commands  can  be used by a system administrator to perform
       periodic accounting operations.

       Daily and monthly accounting reports can be produced by specifying com‐
       mands  in  the  /usr/var/spool/cron/crontabs  directory, which are pro‐
       cessed by the cron daemon.  These accounting reports consist of a  col‐
       lection of records that are produced at the end of any process and on a
       daily and monthly periodic basis.

       You can specify a prime-time period for any 24-hour weekday. Prime-time
       hours  are  those  contiguous hours of a weekday for which premium fees
       might be charged for resource use. Nonprime-time hours are  those  con‐
       tiguous	hours  that  are not defined as prime time. Nonprime time also
       includes	  weekends   and   any	 holidays   listed   in	   the	  file
       /usr/sbin/acct/holidays.

       When   you   set	  up  accounting,  you	can  include  entries  in  the
       /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/adm file to run the following accounting  com‐
       mands:  The  ckpacct  command  checks  the  size	 of the /var/adm/pacct
       process accounting files.  The runacct command includes other  account‐
       ing shell scripts and commands and creates daily and monthly accounting
       files.  The monacct command produces monthly summary  accounting	 files
       in  the	/var/adm/acct/fiscal  accounting  subdirectory	from the daily
       accounting files.

       In  addition,   you   can   include   the   dodisk   command   in   the
       /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/root  file.   The  dodisk command creates disk
       usage accounting records.

       The accounting commands are as follows: The chargefee command  is  used
       by  the system administrator to charge the number of units specified by
       the Number operand to the login name specified by the User operand. The
       Number  value  may be an integer or a decimal value. The chargefee com‐
       mand writes a record to the /var/adm/fee file. This information is then
       merged  with other accounting records with the acctmerg command to cre‐
       ate a daily /var/adm/fee report.

	      The chargefee command uses the printpw command to get  the  list
	      of  all users stored in the password database.  The ckpacct com‐
	      mand is used to check the size of the active process  accounting
	      file,  /var/adm/pacct.  Normally, the cron daemon processes this
	      command from the crontabs file. When the size of the active data
	      files  exceeds  the  number of blocks specified by the BlockSize
	      operand, the ckpacct command is  used  to	 invoke	 the  turnacct
	      switch  command  to  turn	 off  process accounting.  The default
	      value for the BlockSize operand is 500.

	      When the number of free disk blocks in the var file system falls
	      below  500,  the	ckpacct	 command  is  used  to inhibit process
	      accounting by invoking the turnacct off command.	When at	 least
	      500  free disk blocks are again available, account processing is
	      reactivated. This feature is sensitive to how frequently ckpacct
	      is run.

	      When the environment variable MAILCOM is set to mail root adm, a
	      mail message is sent to the super-user (root) and to adm in case
	      of an error.  The dodisk command initiates disk-usage accounting
	      by calling the diskusg command and the acctdisk command.

	      When you specify the -o option with the dodisk command,  a  more
	      thorough	but  slower version of disk accounting by login direc‐
	      tory is initiated with the acctdusg command.  Normally, the cron
	      daemon runs the dodisk command. The following option may be used
	      with the dodisk command: Calls the acctdusg command  instead  of
	      the  diskusg command to initiate disk accounting by login direc‐
	      tory.

	      By default, the dodisk command does disk accounting  on  special
	      files recorded in the <filename> /etc/fstab</filename> file. But
	      when you specify file names with the File operand, disk account‐
	      ing is done on only those files.

	      When  you	 do not specify the -o option, the File operand should
	      specify special file names of mountable file systems.  When  you
	      specify  both -o and one or more File(s), File(s) should specify
	      mount points of mounted file  systems.   The  lastlogin  command
	      updates  the  /var/adm/acct/sum/loginlog	file  to show the last
	      date each user logged in. Normally, the runacct procedure,  run‐
	      ning  under  the	cron  daemon,  calls this command and adds the
	      information to the daily report; however, the lastlogin  command
	      can  also be entered by the system administrator.	 The lastlogin
	      command uses the printpw command to get  a  list	of  all	 users
	      whose name and user ID are stored in the password database file.
	      The monacct command collects daily or other periodic  accounting
	      records into summary files in the /var/adm/acct/fiscal subdirec‐
	      tory. After monthly summary files are produced, monacct  removes
	      the old accounting files from the /var/adm/acct/sum subdirectory
	      and replaces them with the newly created summary files. The cron
	      daemon  should run this command once each month on the first day
	      of the following month or some other specified day after all the
	      dailies  have  been  produced. (The monacct example shows how to
	      enter this command for the cron daemon.)

	      The Number operand is a numerical value in the range 1 < n <  12
	      (where  n is the month) that indicates the month for which daily
	      files are processed. The default value used for the Number oper‐
	      and  is  the current month. The monacct command stores the newly
	      created summary files in the  /var/adm/acct/fiscal  subdirectory
	      and restarts new summary files in /var/adm/acct/sum, the cumula‐
	      tive summaries to which daily  record  summaries	are  appended.
	      The nulladm command creates the file specified in the File oper‐
	      and, gives read (r) and write (w) permissions to the file	 owner
	      and  group, read (r) permission to other users, and ensures that
	      the file owner and group is adm. Various accounting shell proce‐
	      dures invoke the nulladm command.	 The system administrator uses
	      this  command  to	 set  up  active  data	files,	such  as   the
	      /var/adm/wtmp file.  The system administrator may use the prctmp
	      command to output the session record file specified by File  and
	      created	by   the   acctcon1  command  (this  is	 normally  the
	      /var/adm/acct/nite/ctmp file).  The prdaily command  is  invoked
	      from  the runacct shell procedure to format an ASCII file of the
	      accounting data of the previous day.  The records making up this
	      file  are located in the /var/adm/acct/sum/rprtmmdd files, where
	      mmdd is the month and day for which the file  is	produced.  Use
	      the  mmdd	 operand to specify a date other than the current day.
	      The following options may be  used  with	the  prdaily  command:
	      Reports  exceptional resource usage by command. May be used only
	      on accounting records for the current day.  Reports  exceptional
	      usage  by	 login ID for the specified date.  The prtacct command
	      formats and displays any total accounting file specified by  the
	      File  operand;  records  for  these  files are defined by a type
	      tacct structure in the tacct.h include file.  You can enter  the
	      prtacct  command	to output any tacct file to the default output
	      device. For example, you may output a daily report keyed to con‐
	      nect time, to process time, to disk usage, and to printer usage.
	      To specify a title for the report, specify a name for the	 Head‐
	      ing operand with enclosed single or double quotes. The following
	      options may be used with the prtacct command: Selects type tacct
	      structure	 members  to  be  output,  using  the structure-member
	      selection mechanism specified for the  acctmerg  command.	  Pro‐
	      duces  verbose output in which more precise notation is used for
	      floating-point numbers.  Specifies a heading for report members.

	      The type tacct structure defines a total accounting record  for‐
	      mat,  parts  of  which  are used by various accounting commands.
	      Members of the type tacct structure whose data types are	speci‐
	      fied as an array of two double elements have both prime-time and
	      nonprime-time values. The type tacct structure has the following
	      members.	 User  ID.   A	field for the login name with the same
	      number of characters NSZ as  the	ut_user	 member	 of  the  utmp
	      structure.   Cumulative  CPU time in minutes.  Cumulative K-core
	      time in minutes.	Cumulative number of characters transferred in
	      blocks of 512 bytes.  Cumulative number of blocks read and writ‐
	      ten.  Cumulative connect time in minutes.	 Cumulative disk-usage
	      time  in	minutes.   Queuing  system  (printer) fee in number of
	      pages.  Special services fee expressed in units.	A count of the
	      number  of  processes.  A count of the number of login sessions.
	      A count of the number  of	 disk  samples.	  The  remove  command
	      deletes	  all<filename>	   /var/adm/acct/sum/wtmp*</filename>,
	      /var/adm/acct/sum/pacct*, and /var/adm/acct/nite/lock* files  as
	      part  of	the daily cleanup procedure called by the runacct com‐
	      mand.  The shutacct command turns	 process  accounting  off  and
	      adds  a  'Reason' record to the /var/adm/wtmp file. This command
	      is usually invoked during a system shutdown.  The	 startup  com‐
	      mand  turns on the accounting functions and adds a reason record
	      to the /var/adm/wtmp  file.   Usually  the  startup  command  is
	      invoked  by  the	/sbin/init.d/acct  script  when	 the system is
	      started up.  The turnacct command provides an interface  to  the
	      accton  command to turn process accounting on or off, or to cre‐
	      ate a new /var/adm/pacctn process accounting file. This  command
	      can   be	executed only by a superuser or by the adm login name.
	      Only one of the arguments on, off, or switch may be used:	 Turns
	      process  accounting  on.	 Turns	process	 accounting  off.  The
	      switch option is used to create a new /var/adm/pacctn file  when
	      the  current  /var/adm/pacctn  file  is  too large. The suffix n
	      (where n is a positive integer) indicates	 the  previous	active
	      /var/adm/pacctn file. After the currently active /var/adm/pacctn
	      file is renamed, a new active /var/adm/pacct file is created and
	      process accounting is restarted.

	      This  command  is usually called by the ckpacct command, running
	      under the cron daemon, to keep the active pacct data  file  down
	      to a manageable size.

NOTES
       You  should  not	 share	accounting  files among nodes in a distributed
       environment.  Each node	should	have  its  own	copy  of  the  various
       accounting files.

       When you are also using the sa command, sa does not know whether infor‐
       mation is stored in the incremental  /var/adm/pacctn  file  or  in  any
       other /var/adm/pacctn summary file by the acct/* commands (see the tur‐
       nacct command).

EXAMPLES
       To charge smith for 10 units of work  on	 a  financial  report,	enter:
       /usr/sbin/acct/chargefee smith 10

	      A record is created in the /var/adm/fee file, which the acctmerg
	      command is subsequently instructed  to  merge  with  records  in
	      other  accounting	 files	to produce the daily report.  To check
	      the size of a /var/adm/pacctn summary accounting file,  add  the
	      following	 instruction to the /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/adm file:
	      5 * * * * /usr/sbin/acct/ckpacct

	      This example shows another  instruction  that  the  cron	daemon
	      reads   and   acts   upon	  when	 it   is   included   in   the
	      /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/adm shell  script  file.	  The  ckpacct
	      command  is  set to run at 5 minutes past every hour (5 *) every
	      day. This command is only one of	many  accounting  instructions
	      normally	  passed    to	  the	 cron	 daemon	   from	   the
	      /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/adm shell script file.  See the	System
	      Administration  manual  for  details.   To  initiate  disk-usage
	      accounting,      add	the	  following	  to	   the
	      /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/root	file:	 0    2	   *	*    4
	      /usr/sbin/acct/dodisk

	      This example illustrates a shell	script	instruction  that  the
	      cron daemon reads and then processes. The dodisk command runs at
	      2 a.m. (0 2) each Thursday (4). This  command  is	 one  of  many
	      accounting  instructions normally passed to the cron daemon from
	      a /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/adm shell script file. See the System
	      Administration   manual  for  details.   To  produce  a  monthly
	      accounting report, at the beginning of each month, add the  fol‐
	      lowing  instruction to the /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/adm file: 15
	      5 1 * * /usr/sbin/acct/monacct

	      This example is an instruction that the cron  daemon  reads  and
	      then  processes.	The  monacct  command  runs at 5:15 (15 5) the
	      first day of each month (1). This command is only	 one  of  many
	      accounting  instructions normally passed to the cron daemon from
	      the /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/adm shell  script  file.   See  the
	      System  Administration  manual  for  details.   To  turn	on the
	      accounting functions when the system is started up, add the fol‐
	      lowing to the /etc/rc.config file: ACCOUNTING="YES"

	      To  set the variable, use the following rcmgr command: rcmgr set
	      ACCOUNTING YES

	      The startup shell procedure records the time and cleans  up  the
	      records produced the previous day.

FILES
       Specifies  the  command path.  Header files defining structures used to
       organize accounting information.	 Accumulates the fees charged to  each
       login  name.  Current database file for process accounting information.
       Another process accounting database file, which is  produced  when  the
       /var/adm/pacct file gets too large.  Login/logout database file.	 Shell
       procedure that calculates limits for exceptional usage by the login ID.
       Shell  procedure that calculates limits of exceptional usage by command
       name.  Working directory that contains daily accounting database files.
       Contains	 information  about  file  systems.  Working subdirectory that
       contains accounting summary database files.

SEE ALSO
       Commands: acctcms(8), acctcom(8), acctcon(8), acctmerg(8),  acctprc(8),
       cron(8), fwtmp(8), printpw(8), runacct(8), rcmgr(8), wtmpconvert(8)

       Functions: acct(2)

       System Administration

								       acct(8)
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