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intel(4)							      intel(4)

NAME
       intel - Intel integrated graphics chipsets

SYNOPSIS
       Section "Device"
	 Identifier "devname"
	 Driver "intel"
	 ...
       EndSection

DESCRIPTION
       intel  is  an  Xorg driver for Intel integrated graphics chipsets.  The
       driver supports depths 8, 15, 16 and 24.	 All  visual  types  are  sup‐
       ported  in  depth  8.  For the i810/i815 other depths support the True‐
       Color and DirectColor visuals.  For the i830M and later, only the True‐
       Color  visual  is supported for depths greater than 8.  The driver sup‐
       ports hardware accelerated 3D via the Direct  Rendering	Infrastructure
       (DRI),  but only in depth 16 for the i810/i815 and depths 16 and 24 for
       the 830M and later.

SUPPORTED HARDWARE
       intel supports the i810, i810-DC100, i810e, i815, i830M,	 845G,	852GM,
       855GM,  865G,  915G,  915GM,  945G,  945GM,  965G,  965Q, 946GZ, 965GM,
       945GME, G33, Q33, Q35, G35, GM45, G45,  Q45,  G43,  G41	chipsets,  and
       Pineview-M in Atom N400 series, Pineview-D in Atom D400/D500 series.

CONFIGURATION DETAILS
       Please  refer  to xorg.conf(5) for general configuration details.  This
       section only covers configuration details specific to this driver.

       The Intel 8xx and 9xx families of integrated graphics chipsets  have  a
       unified memory architecture meaning that system memory is used as video
       RAM.  For the i810 and i815 family of chipsets, operating  system  sup‐
       port  for  allocating  system  memory  is required in order to use this
       driver.	For the 830M and later, this is	 required  in  order  for  the
       driver  to  use more video RAM than has been pre-allocated at boot time
       by the BIOS.  This is usually achieved with an "agpgart" or "agp"  ker‐
       nel  driver.   Linux,  FreeBSD,	OpenBSD, NetBSD, and Solaris have such
       kernel drivers available.

       By default, the i810/i815 will use 8 MB of system memory	 for  graphics
       if  AGP	allocable  memory  is  < 128 MB, 16 MB if < 192 MB or 24 MB if
       higher. Use the VideoRam option to change the default value.

       For the 830M and later, the driver will automatically size  its	memory
       allocation  according  to the features it will support.	Therefore, the
       VideoRam option, which in the past had been  necessary  to  allow  more
       than some small amount of memory to be allocated, is now ignored.

       The following driver Options are supported

       Option "ColorKey" "integer"
	      This sets the default pixel value for the YUV video overlay key.

	      Default: undefined.

       Option "DRI" "boolean"
	      Disable or enable DRI support.

	      Default:	DRI  is	 enabled  for  configurations where it is sup‐
	      ported.

       The following driver Options  are  supported  for  the  i810  and  i815
       chipsets:

       Option "CacheLines" "integer"
	      This  allows  the	 user  to change the amount of graphics memory
	      used for 2D acceleration and  video  when	 XAA  acceleration  is
	      enabled.	 Decreasing  this  amount leaves more for 3D textures.
	      Increasing it can improve 2D performance at the  expense	of  3D
	      performance.

	      Default:	depends	 on the resolution, depth, and available video
	      memory.  The driver attempts to allocate space for at 3  screen‐
	      fuls of pixmaps plus an HD-sized XV video.  The default used for
	      a specific configuration can be found by examining the Xorg  log
	      file.

       Option "DDC" "boolean"
	      Disable or enable DDC support.

	      Default: enabled.

       Option "Dac6Bit" "boolean"
	      Enable or disable 6-bits per RGB for 8-bit modes.

	      Default: 8-bits per RGB for 8-bit modes.

       Option "XvMCSurfaces" "integer"
	      This  option  enables XvMC.  The integer parameter specifies the
	      number of surfaces to use.  Valid values are 6 and 7.

	      Default: XvMC is disabled.

       VideoRam integer
	      This option specifies the amount of system  memory  to  use  for
	      graphics, in KB.

	      The  default  is 8192 if AGP allocable memory is < 128 MB, 16384
	      if < 192 MB, 24576 if higher. DRI require at least  a  value  of
	      16384.  Higher values may give better 3D performance, at expense
	      of available system memory.

       Option "NoAccel" "boolean"
	      Disable or enable acceleration.

	      Default: acceleration is enabled.

       The following driver Options are	 supported  for	 the  830M  and	 later
       chipsets:

       Option "NoAccel" "boolean"
	      Disable or enable acceleration.

	      Default: acceleration is enabled.

       Option "AccelMethod" "string"
	      Select  acceleration  method.   There  are  a couple of backends
	      available for accelerating the DDX. "UXA" (Unified  Acceleration
	      Architecture)  is the mature backend that was introduced to sup‐
	      port the GEM driver model. It is in the process of being	super‐
	      seded  by	 "SNA"	(Sandybridge's	New  Acceleration). Until that
	      process is complete, the ability to choose which backend to  use
	      remains  for  backwards compatibility.  In addition, there are a
	      pair of sub-options to limit the acceleration for debugging use.
	      Specify  "off"  to disable all acceleration, or "blt" to disable
	      render acceleration and only use the BLT engine.

	      Default: use SNA (render acceleration)

       Option "TearFree" "boolean"
	      Disable or enable TearFree updates. This option forces X to per‐
	      form  all rendering to a backbuffer prior to updating the actual
	      display. It requires an extra memory allocation the same size as
	      a	 framebuffer,  the  occasional extra copy, and requires Damage
	      tracking. Thus enabling TearFree requires	 more  memory  and  is
	      slower  (reduced	throughput)  and  introduces a small amount of
	      output latency, but it should not impact input latency. However,
	      the  update  to  the screen is then performed synchronously with
	      the vertical refresh of the display so that the entire update is
	      completed	 before	 the  display starts its refresh. That is only
	      one frame is ever visible, preventing an unsightly tear  between
	      two visible and differing frames. Note that this replicates what
	      the compositing manager should be doing, so it is not  advisable
	      to  enable  both.	  However,  some compositing managers do cause
	      tearing, and if the outputs are rotated, there may will still be
	      tearing without TearFree enabled.

	      Default: TearFree is disabled.

       Option "ReprobeOutputs" "boolean"
	      Disable  or  enable  rediscovery	of  connected  displays during
	      server startup.  As the kernel driver loads it  scans  for  con‐
	      nected displays and configures a console spanning those outputs.
	      When the X server starts, we then take  the  list	 of  connected
	      displays	and  framebuffer  layout  and use that for the initial
	      configuration.  Sometimes,  not  all  displays   are   correctly
	      detected	by  the	 kernel	 and  so it is useful in a few circum‐
	      stances for X to force the kernel to reprobe all	displays  when
	      it  starts. To make the X server recheck the status of connected
	      displays, set the "ReprobeOutputs" option to  true.   Please  do
	      file a bug for any circumstances which require this workaround.

	      Default: reprobing is disabled for a faster startup.

       Option "VideoKey" "integer"
	      This  is	the same as the "ColorKey" option described above.  It
	      is provided for compatibility with most other drivers.

       Option "XvPreferOverlay" "boolean"
	      Make hardware overlay be the  first  XV  adaptor.	  The  overlay
	      behaves  incorrectly  in	the  presence of compositing, but some
	      prefer it due to it syncing to vblank in	the  absence  of  com‐
	      positing.	  While	 most  XV-using	 applications  have options to
	      select which XV adaptor to use, this option can be used to place
	      the  overlay first for applications which don't have options for
	      selecting adaptors.

	      Default: Textured video adaptor is preferred.

       Option "Backlight" "string"
	      Override the probed backlight control interface.	Sometimes  the
	      automatically selected backlight interface may not correspond to
	      the correct, or simply most useful, interface available  on  the
	      system.  This  allows  you to override that choice by specifying
	      the entry under /sys/class/backlight to use.

	      Default: Automatic selection.

       Option "FallbackDebug" "boolean"
	      Enable printing of debugging information on  acceleration	 fall‐
	      backs to the server log.

	      Default: Disabled

       Option "DebugFlushBatches" "boolean"
	      Flush the batch buffer after every single operation.

	      Default: Disabled

       Option "DebugFlushCaches" "boolean"
	      Include  an  MI_FLUSH  at the end of every batch buffer to force
	      data to be flushed out of cache and into memory before the  com‐
	      pletion of the batch.

	      Default: Disabled

       Option "DebugWait" "boolean"
	      Wait for the completion of every batch buffer before continuing,
	      i.e. perform synchronous rendering.

	      Default: Disabled

       Option "VSync" "boolean"
	      This option controls the use of commands	to  synchronise
	      rendering	 with the vertical refresh of the display. Some
	      rendering commands have the option to be performed  in  a
	      "tear-free"  fashion  by stalling the GPU to wait for the
	      display to be outside of the region to be	 updated.  This
	      slows  down  all rendering, and historically has been the
	      source of many GPU hangs.

	      Default: enabled.

       Option "PageFlip" "boolean"
	      This option controls the use  of	commands  to  flip  the
	      scanout  address	on  a  VBlank. This is used by glXSwap‐
	      Buffers to efficiently perform the back-to-front exchange
	      at  the end of a frame without incurring the penalty of a
	      copy, or stalling the render pipeline (the flip  is  per‐
	      formed  asynchronrously  to  the render command stream by
	      the display engine). However, it	has  historically  been
	      the source of many GPU hangs.

	      Default: enabled.

       Option "SwapbuffersWait" "boolean"
	      This  option  controls the behavior of glXSwapBuffers and
	      glXCopySubBufferMESA  calls  by  GL   applications.    If
	      enabled,	the calls will avoid tearing by making sure the
	      display scanline is outside of  the  area	 to  be	 copied
	      before  the  copy	 occurs.  If disabled, no scanline syn‐
	      chronization is performed, meaning  tearing  will	 likely
	      occur.

	      Default: enabled.

       Option "TripleBuffer" "boolean"
	      This  option  enables the use of a third buffer for page-
	      flipping. The third buffer allows applications to run  at
	      vrefresh	rates  even  if they occasionally fail to swap‐
	      buffers on time. The effect of such missed swaps	is  the
	      output  jitters between 60fps and 30fps, and in the worst
	      case appears frame-locked to 30fps. The  disadvantage  of
	      triple  buffering	 is  that  there  is  an extra frame of
	      latency, due to the pre-rendered	frame  sitting	in  the
	      swap queue, between input and any display update.

	      Default: enabled.

       Option "Tiling" "boolean"
	      This  option  controls whether memory buffers for Pixmaps
	      are allocated in tiled mode.  In most  cases  (especially
	      for complex rendering), tiling dramatically improves per‐
	      formance.

	      Default: enabled.

       Option "LinearFramebuffer" "boolean"
	      This option controls whether the memory for  the	scanout
	      (also known as the front or frame buffer) is allocated in
	      linear memory. A tiled framebuffer is required for  power
	      conservation  features, but for certain system configura‐
	      tions you may wish to override this and  force  a	 linear
	      layout.

	      Default: disabled

       Option "RelaxedFencing" "boolean"
	      This  option  controls whether we attempt to allocate the
	      minimal amount of memory required for  the  buffers.  The
	      reduction in working set has a substantial improvement on
	      system performance. However, this has been demonstrate to
	      be  buggy	 on older hardware (845-865 and 915-945, but ok
	      on PineView and later) so on those chipsets  defaults  to
	      off.

	      Default:	Enabled for G33 (includes PineView), and later,
	      class machines.

       Option "XvMC" "boolean"
	      Enable XvMC driver. Current support MPEG2 MC  on	915/945
	      and  G33	series.	  User	should provide absolute path to
	      libIntelXvMC.so in XvMCConfig file.

	      Default: Disabled.

       Option "Throttle" "boolean"
	      This option  controls  whether  the  driver  periodically
	      waits  for pending drawing operations to complete. Throt‐
	      tling ensures that the GPU does not lag  too  far	 behind
	      the CPU and thus noticeable delays in user responsible at
	      the cost of throughput performance.

	      Default: enabled.

       Option "HotPlug" "boolean"
	      This option controls  whether  the  driver  automatically
	      notifies applications when monitors are connected or dis‐
	      connected.

	      Default: enabled.

       Option "Virtualheads" "integer"
	      This option controls specifies the number of fake outputs
	      to  create  in addition to the normal outputs detected on
	      your hardware. These outputs cannot be  assigned	to  the
	      regular  displays	 attached  to the GPU, but do otherwise
	      act as any other xrandr output and share a portion of the
	      regular  framebuffer.  One use case for these extra heads
	      is for extending your desktop onto a discrete  GPU  using
	      the  Bumblebee  project. However, the recommendation here
	      is to use PRIME instead to create a single  Xserver  that
	      can addresses and coordinate between multiple GPUs.

	      Default: 0

       Option "ZaphodHeads" "string"

	      Specify the randr output(s) to use with zaphod mode for a
	      particular driver instance.  If you this option you  must
	      use it with all instances of the driver
	      For   example:  Option  "ZaphodHeads"  "LVDS1,VGA1"  will
	      assign xrandr outputs LVDS1 and VGA0 to this instance  of
	      the driver.

OUTPUT CONFIGURATION
       On 830M and better chipsets, the driver supports runtime config‐
       uration of detected outputs.  You can use  the  xrandr  tool  to
       control outputs on the command line as follows:

	      xrandr --output output --set property value

       Note  that  you	may  need to quote property and value arguments
       that contain spaces.  Each output listed below may have	one  or
       more  properties associated with it (like a binary EDID block if
       one is found).  Some outputs have unique	 properties  which  are
       described  below.   See	the  "MULTIHEAD CONFIGURATIONS" section
       below for additional information.

   VGA
       VGA output port (typically exposed via an HD15 connector).

   LVDS
       Low Voltage Differential Signalling output (typically  a	 laptop
       LCD panel).  Available properties:

       BACKLIGHT - current backlight level (adjustable)
	      By  adjusting  the  BACKLIGHT property, the brightness on
	      the LVDS output can be adjusted.	 In  some  cases,  this
	      property may be unavailable (for example if your platform
	      uses an external microcontroller	to  control  the  back‐
	      light).

       scaling mode - control LCD panel scaling mode
	      When the currently selected display mode differs from the
	      native panel  resolution,	 various  scaling  options  are
	      available. These include

	      Center Simply center the image on-screen without scaling.
		     This is the only scaling mode  that  guarantees  a
		     one-to-one	 correspondence between native and dis‐
		     played pixels, but some portions of the panel  may
		     be unused (so-called "letterboxing").

	      Full aspect
		     Scale the image as much as possible while preserv‐
		     ing aspect ratio. Pixels may not be displayed one-
		     to-one  (there  may be some blurriness). Some por‐
		     tions of the panel may be	unused	if  the	 aspect
		     ratio  of the selected mode does not match that of
		     the panel.

	      Full   Scale the image to the panel size	without	 regard
		     to aspect ratio. This is the only mode which guar‐
		     antees that every pixel of the panel will be used.
		     But  the  displayed  image	 may  be  distorted  by
		     stretching either horizontally or vertically,  and
		     pixels  may not be displayed one-to-one (there may
		     be some blurriness).

       The precise names of these options may differ depending	on  the
       kernel  video driver, (but the functionality should be similar).
       See the output of xrandr --prop for a list of  currently	 avail‐
       able scaling modes.

   TV
       Integrated TV output.  Available properties include:

       BOTTOM, RIGHT, TOP, LEFT - margins
	      Adjusting	 these	properties  allows  you	 to control the
	      placement of your TV output buffer  on  the  screen.  The
	      options  with  the same name can also be set in xorg.conf
	      with integer value.

       BRIGHTNESS - TV brightness, range 0-255
	      Adjust TV brightness, default value is 128.

       CONTRAST - TV contrast, range 0-255
	      Adjust TV contrast, default value is 1.0 in chipset  spe‐
	      cific format.

       SATURATION - TV saturation, range 0-255
	      Adjust  TV  saturation,  default	value is 1.0 in chipset
	      specific format.

       HUE - TV hue, range 0-255
	      Adjust TV hue, default value is 0.

       TV_FORMAT - output standard
	      This property allows you to control the  output  standard
	      used  on	your  TV  output  port.	 You can select between
	      NTSC-M, NTSC-443, NTSC-J, PAL-M, PAL-N, and PAL.

       TV_Connector - connector type
	      This config option should be added to xorg.conf TV  moni‐
	      tor's  section, it allows you to force the TV output con‐
	      nector type, which bypass load detect and TV will	 always
	      be  taken	 as  connected. You can select between S-Video,
	      Composite and Component.

   TMDS-1
       First DVI SDVO output

   TMDS-2
       Second DVI SDVO output

   TMDS-1 , TMDS-2 , HDMI-1 , HDMI-2
       DVI/HDMI outputs. Avaliable common properties include:

       BROADCAST_RGB - method used to set RGB color range
	      Adjusting this property allows you to set RGB color range
	      on each channel in order to match HDTV requirment(default
	      0 for full range). Setting 1 means  RGB  color  range  is
	      16-235, 0 means RGB color range is 0-255 on each channel.
	      (Full range is 0-255, not 16-235)

       SDVO and DVO TV outputs are not supported by the driver at  this
       time.

       See xorg.conf(5) for information on associating Monitor sections
       with these outputs for configuration.  Associating Monitor  sec‐
       tions  with  each  output can be helpful if you need to ignore a
       specific	 output,  for  example,	 or  statically	 configure   an
       extended desktop monitor layout.

MULTIHEAD CONFIGURATIONS
       The  number  of independent outputs is dictated by the number of
       CRTCs (in X parlance) a given chip supports.  Most recent  Intel
       chips have two CRTCs, meaning that two separate framebuffers can
       be displayed simultaneously, in an extended  desktop  configura‐
       tion.   If  a  chip supports more outputs than it has CRTCs (say
       local flat panel, VGA and TV in the case of many	 outputs),  two
       of  the outputs will have to be "cloned", meaning that they dis‐
       play the same framebuffer contents (or one displays a subset  of
       another's framebuffer if the modes aren't equal).

       You  can use the "xrandr" tool, or various desktop utilities, to
       change your output configuration at runtime.  To statically con‐
       figure  your  outputs,  you can use the "Monitor-<type>" options
       along with additional monitor sections in your xorg.conf to cre‐
       ate your screen topology.  The example below puts the VGA output
       to the right of the  builtin  laptop  screen,  both  running  at
       1024x768.

       Section "Monitor"
	 Identifier "Laptop FooBar Internal Display"
	 Option "Position" "0 0"
       EndSection

       Section "Monitor"
	 Identifier "Some Random CRT"
	 Option "Position" "1024 0"
	 Option "RightOf" "Laptop FoodBar Internal Display"
       EndSection

       Section "Device"
	 Driver "intel"
	 Option "monitor-LVDS" "Laptop FooBar Internal Display"
	 Option "monitor-VGA" "Some Random CRT"
       EndSection

TEXTURED VIDEO ATTRIBUTES
       The driver supports the following X11 Xv attributes for Textured
       Video.  You  can	 use  the  "xvattr"  tool  to  query/set  those
       attributes at runtime.

   XV_SYNC_TO_VBLANK
       XV_SYNC_TO_VBLANK  is  used  to control whether textured adapter
       synchronizes the screen update to the vblank to eliminate  tear‐
       ing.  It is a Boolean attribute with values of 0 (never sync) or
       1 (always sync). An historic value of -1 (sync for large windows
       only)  will now be interpreted as 1, (since the current approach
       for sync is not costly even with small video windows).

   XV_BRIGHTNESS
   XV_CONTRAST
REPORTING BUGS
       The xf86-video-intel driver is part of the X.Org	 and  Freedesk‐
       top.org	umbrella  projects.   Details  on  bug reporting can be
       found		   at		    http://www.intellinuxgraph‐
       ics.org/how_to_report_bug.html.	Mailing lists are also commonly
       used to report experiences and ask questions about configuration
       and  other  topics.  See lists.freedesktop.org for more informa‐
       tion (the xorg@lists.freedesktop.org mailing list  is  the  most
       appropriate place to ask X.Org and driver related questions).

SEE ALSO
       Xorg(1), xorg.conf(5), Xserver(1), X(7)

AUTHORS
       Authors include: Keith Whitwell, and also Jonathan Bian, Matthew
       J Sottek, Jeff Hartmann, Mark Vojkovich, Alan Hourihane,	 H.  J.
       Lu.   830M  and	845G  support reworked for XFree86 4.3 by David
       Dawes and Keith Whitwell.  852GM, 855GM, and 865G support  added
       by  David  Dawes	 and Keith Whitwell.  915G, 915GM, 945G, 945GM,
       965G, 965Q and 946GZ support added by Alan Hourihane  and  Keith
       Whitwell.  Lid  status support added by Alan Hourihane. Textured
       video support for 915G and later chips, RandR 1.2  and  hardware
       modesetting added by Eric Anholt and Keith Packard. EXA and Ren‐
       der acceleration added by Wang Zhenyu. TV out support  added  by
       Zou  Nan Hai and Keith Packard. 965GM, G33, Q33, and Q35 support
       added by Wang Zhenyu.

X Version 11		   xf86-video-intel 2.99.910		      intel(4)
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