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GRAP(1)								       GRAP(1)

NAME
       grap - pic preprocessor for drawing graphs

SYNOPSIS
       grap [ file ...	]

DESCRIPTION
       Grap  is	 a  pic(1)  preprocessor  for  drawing graphs on a typesetter.
       Graphs are surrounded by the troff `commands' .G1 and  .G2.   Data  are
       scaled  and  plotted, with tick marks supplied automatically.  Commands
       exist to modify the frame, add  labels,	override  the  default	ticks,
       change  the  plotting  style,  define coordinate ranges and transforma‐
       tions, and include data from files.  In	addition,  grap	 provides  the
       same loops, conditionals, and macro processing that pic does.

       frame  ht  e  wid  e  top dotted ...: Set the frame around the graph to
       specified ht and wid; default is 2 by  3	 (inches).   The  line	styles
       (dotted,	 dashed, invis, solid (default)) of the sides (top, bot, left,
       right) of the frame can be set independently.

       label side "a label" "as a set of strings" adjust: Place label on spec‐
       ified  side; default side is bottom.  adjust is up (or down left right)
       expr to shift default position; width expr sets the width explicitly.

       ticks side in at optname expr, expr, ...: Put ticks on  side  at	 expr,
       ...,  and  label	 with "expr".  If any expr is followed by "...", label
       tick with "...", and turn off all automatic labels.  If "..."  contains
       %f's,  they  will  be interpreted as printf formatting instructions for
       the tick value.	Ticks point in or out (default out).   Tick  iterator:
       instead of at ..., use from expr to expr by op expr where op is option‐
       ally +-*/ for additive or multiplicative steps.	by can be omitted,  to
       give  steps  of	size  1.  If no ticks are requested, they are supplied
       automatically; suppress this with ticks off.  Automatic ticks  normally
       leave  a	 margin	 of  7% on each side; set this to anything by margin =
       expr.

       grid side linedesc at optname expr, expr, ...: Draw grids perpendicular
       to  side	 in  style linedesc at expr, .... Iterators and labels work as
       with ticks.

       coord optname x min, max y min, max log x  log y: Set range  of	coords
       and optional log scaling on either or both.  This overrides computation
       of data range.  Default value of optname is current  coordinate	system
       (each coord defines a new coordinate system).

       plot  "str"  at point; "str" at point: Put str at point.	 Text position
       can be qualified with rjust, ljust, above, below after "...".

       line from point to point linedesc: Draw line from here to there.	 arrow
       works in place of line.

       next  optname  at  point	 linedesc: Continue plot of data in optname to
       point; default is current.

       draw optname linedesc ...: Set mode for next: use this style  from  now
       on, and plot "..." at each point (if given).

       new optname linedesc ...: Set mode for next, but disconnect from previ‐
       ous.

       A list of numbers x y1 y2 y3 ...	 is treated as plot  bullet  at	 x,y1;
       plot  bullet  at x,y2; etc., or as next at x,y1 etc., if draw is speci‐
       fied.  Abscissae of 1,2,3,... are provided if there is only  one	 input
       number per line.

       A  point optname expr, expr maps the point to the named coordinate sys‐
       tem.  A linedesc is one of dot dash invis solid optionally followed  by
       an expression.

       define  name  {whatever}:  Define  a  macro.   There are macros already
       defined for standard plotting symbols like bullet, circle, star,	 plus,
       etc., in /sys/lib/grap.defines, which is included if it exists.

       var  = expr: Evaluate an expression.  Operators are + - * and /.	 Func‐
       tions are log and exp (both base 10), sin, cos, sqrt; rand returns ran‐
       dom number on [0,1); max(e,e), min(e,e), int(e).

       print  expr;  print  "...": As a debugging aid, print expr or string on
       the standard error.

       copy "file name": Include this file right here.

       copy thru macro: Pass rest of input (until .G2) through macro, treating
       each field (non-blank, or "...") as an argument.	 macro can be the name
       of a macro previously defined, or the body of one in place, like	 /plot
       $1 at $2,$3/.

       copy  thru  macro until "string": Stop copy when input is string (left-
       justified).

       pic remainder of line: Copy to output with leading blanks removed.

       graph Name pic-position: Start a new frame, place it at specified posi‐
       tion, e.g., graph Thing2 with .sw at Thing1.se + (0.1,0).  Name must be
       capitalized to keep pic happy.

       .anything at beginning of line: Copied verbatim.

       sh %anything %: Pass everything between the %'s to the shell;  as  with
       macros, % may be any character and anything may include newlines.

       # anything: A comment, which is discarded.

       Order is mostly irrelevant; no category is mandatory.  Any arguments on
       the .G1 line are placed on the generated .PS line for pic.

EXAMPLES
       .G1
       frame ht 1 top invis right invis
       coord x 0, 10 y 1, 3 log y
       ticks left in at 1 "bottommost tick", 2,3 "top tick"
       ticks bot in from 0 to 10 by 2
       label bot "silly graph"
       label left "left side label" "here"
       grid left dashed at 2.5
       copy thru / circle at $1,$2 /
       1 1
       2 1.5
       3 2
       4 1.5
       10 3
       .G2
       frame ht 1 top invis right invis
       coord x 0, 10 y 1, 3 log y
       ticks left in at 1 "bottommost tick", 2,3 "top tick"
       ticks bot in from 0 to 10 by 2
       label bot "silly graph"
       label left "left side label" "here"
       grid left dashed at 2.5
       copy thru / circle at $1,$2 /
       1 1
       2 1.5
       3 2
       4 1.5
       10 3

FILES
       /sys/lib/grap.defines
	      definitions of standard plotting characters, e.g., bullet

SOURCE
       /sys/src/cmd/grap

SEE ALSO
       pic(1), troff(1)
       J. L. Bentley and B. W. Kernighan, ``GRAP—A  Language  for  Typesetting
       Graphs'', Unix Research System Programmer's Manual, Tenth Edition, Vol‐
       ume 2.

								       GRAP(1)
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