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GPERF(1)			      FSF			      GPERF(1)

NAME
       gperf - generate a perfect hash function from a key set

SYNOPSIS
       gperf [OPTION]... [INPUT-FILE]

DESCRIPTION
       GNU 'gperf' generates perfect hash functions.

       If  a  long option shows an argument as mandatory, then it is mandatory
       for the equivalent short option also.

   Output file location:
       --output-file=FILE Write output to specified file.

       The results are written to standard output if no output file is	speci‐
       fied or if it is -.

   Input file interpretation:
       -e, --delimiters=DELIMITER-LIST
	      Allow  user  to  provide	a string containing delimiters used to
	      separate keywords from their attributes.	Default is ",".

       -t, --struct-type
	      Allows the user to include a  structured	type  declaration  for
	      generated	 code.	Any  text  before %% is considered part of the
	      type declaration. Key words and  additional  fields  may	follow
	      this, one group of fields per line.

       --ignore-case
	      Consider	upper  and  lower case ASCII characters as equivalent.
	      Note that locale dependent case mappings are ignored.

   Language for the output code:
       -L, --language=LANGUAGE-NAME
	      Generates code in the specified language. Languages handled  are
	      currently C++, ANSI-C, C, and KR-C. The default is C.

   Details in the output code:
       -K, --slot-name=NAME
	      Select name of the keyword component in the keyword structure.

       -F, --initializer-suffix=INITIALIZERS
	      Initializers for additional components in the keyword structure.

       -H, --hash-function-name=NAME
	      Specify name of generated hash function. Default is 'hash'.

       -N, --lookup-function-name=NAME
	      Specify  name  of	 generated  lookup  function.  Default name is
	      'in_word_set'.

       -Z, --class-name=NAME
	      Specify name of generated	 C++  class.  Default  name  is	 'Per‐
	      fect_Hash'.

       -7, --seven-bit
	      Assume 7-bit characters.

       -l, --compare-lengths
	      Compare  key  lengths before trying a string comparison. This is
	      necessary if the keywords contain NUL bytes. It also  helps  cut
	      down on the number of string comparisons made during the lookup.

       -c, --compare-strncmp
	      Generate comparison code using strncmp rather than strcmp.

       -C, --readonly-tables
	      Make  the	 contents  of  generated lookup tables constant, i.e.,
	      readonly.

       -E, --enum
	      Define constant values using an enum local to the	 lookup	 func‐
	      tion rather than with defines.

       -I, --includes
	      Include  the  necessary  system  include	file <string.h> at the
	      beginning of the code.

       -G, --global-table
	      Generate the static table of keywords as a static	 global	 vari‐
	      able, rather than hiding it inside of the lookup function (which
	      is the default behavior).

       -P, --pic
	      Optimize the generated table for inclusion in shared  libraries.
	      This reduces the startup time of programs using a shared library
	      containing the generated code.

       -Q, --string-pool-name=NAME
	      Specify name of string pool generated by option --pic.   Default
	      name is 'stringpool'.

       --null-strings
	      Use  NULL strings instead of empty strings for empty keyword ta‐
	      ble entries.

       -W, --word-array-name=NAME
	      Specify name of word list array. Default name is 'wordlist'.

       -S, --switch=COUNT
	      Causes the generated C code to use a  switch  statement  scheme,
	      rather than an array lookup table.  This can lead to a reduction
	      in both time and space requirements for some keyfiles. The COUNT
	      argument determines how many switch statements are generated.  A
	      value of 1 generates 1 switch containing	all  the  elements,  a
	      value  of 2 generates 2 tables with 1/2 the elements in each ta‐
	      ble, etc. If COUNT is very large, say 1000000, the  generated  C
	      code does a binary search.

       -T, --omit-struct-type
	      Prevents	the  transfer  of  the	type declaration to the output
	      file. Use this option if the type is already defined elsewhere.

   Algorithm employed by gperf:
       -k, --key-positions=KEYS
	      Select the key positions used in the hash function.  The	allow‐
	      able  choices range between 1-255, inclusive.  The positions are
	      separated by commas, ranges may be used, and key	positions  may
	      occur  in	 any  order.   Also, the meta-character '*' causes the
	      generated hash function to consider ALL  key  positions,	and  $
	      indicates the "final character" of a key, e.g., $,1,2,4,6-10.

       -D, --duplicates
	      Handle  keywords	that  hash to duplicate values. This is useful
	      for certain highly redundant keyword sets.

       -m, --multiple-iterations=ITERATIONS
	      Perform multiple choices of the -i and -j values, and choose the
	      best  results.  This  increases  the running time by a factor of
	      ITERATIONS but does a good job minimizing	 the  generated	 table
	      size.

       -i, --initial-asso=N
	      Provide an initial value for the associate values array. Default
	      is 0. Setting this value larger helps inflate the	 size  of  the
	      final table.

       -j, --jump=JUMP-VALUE
	      Affects  the  "jump value", i.e., how far to advance the associ‐
	      ated character value upon collisions. Must  be  an  odd  number,
	      default is 5.

       -n, --no-strlen
	      Do not include the length of the keyword when computing the hash
	      function.

       -r, --random
	      Utilizes randomness to initialize the associated values table.

       -s, --size-multiple=N
	      Affects the size of the generated hash table. The numeric	 argu‐
	      ment  N indicates "how many times larger or smaller" the associ‐
	      ated value range should be, in relationship  to  the  number  of
	      keys,  e.g.  a  value  of	 3 means "allow the maximum associated
	      value to be about 3 times larger than the number of input keys".
	      Conversely,  a  value  of 1/3 means "make the maximum associated
	      value about 3 times smaller than the number of  input  keys".  A
	      larger table should decrease the time required for an unsuccess‐
	      ful search, at the expense of extra table space.	Default	 value
	      is 1.

   Informative output:
       -h, --help
	      Print this message.

       -v, --version
	      Print the gperf version number.

       -d, --debug
	      Enables  the  debugging  option  (produces verbose output to the
	      standard error).

AUTHOR
       Written by Douglas C. Schmidt and Bruno Haible.

REPORTING BUGS
       Report bugs to <bug-gnu-gperf@gnu.org>.

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright © 1989-1998, 2000-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
       This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is
       NO  warranty;  not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
       PURPOSE.

SEE ALSO
       The full documentation for gperf is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If
       the  info  and  gperf programs are properly installed at your site, the
       command

	      info gperf

       should give you access to the complete manual.

GNU gperf 3.0.1			   June 2003			      GPERF(1)
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