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CAT(5)							   CAT(5)

NAME
       cat - C/A/T phototypesetter code

DESCRIPTION
       The  Graphic  Systems  C/A/T  phototypesetter is driven by
       sending it a sequence  of  one-byte  codes  which  specify
       characters, fonts, sizes, and other control information.

       The  C/A/T's  basic  unit  of  length  is 1/432 of an inch
       (about 6 units to a typesetter's ``point'').  The  quantum
       of horizontal motion is one unit.  The quantum of vertical
       motion is three units (1/144 of an inch, 1/2 point).

       The top two bits of the code classify it as one	of  three
       major types: an escape code (top bit 1), a flash code (top
       bits 00), or a control code (top bits 01).  A code of  all
       zeros is ignored;  a code of all ones is illegal.

       A  flash	 code specifies flashing one of 63 characters, as
       given by the remaining six bits.	 Since this is not enough
       to specify all possible characters, or even all characters
       in a single font -- there are 108 per font -- various con-
       trol  codes (described later) select a font and either the
       Lower or Upper half of the font.	 The Lower  half  is  the
       first  63  characters  of the font;  the Upper half is the
       remaining 45.  A flash code of 46 or higher in  the  Upper
       half is illegal.

       An  escape  code specifies horizontal motion.  The size of
       the motion, in horizontal quanta, is the	 one's-complement
       of  the	low seven bits of the code.  The direction of the
       motion is set by control codes.	Hitting the right or left
       margin  limit switch is illegal and will cause the machine
       to stop.	 The machine starts  out,  after  initialization,
       hard  against  the  left	 margin limit switch;  an initial
       escape of 16 units must be given before starting work, and
       the  position after this motion should be the limit of all
       future leftward motions.	 From this point, the distance to
       the right margin limit switch is about 7.5 inches.

       A  code with the top three bits 011 is a lead code, speci-
       fying vertical motion.  The remaining five  bits	 are  the
       one's-complement	 of  the  size of the motion, in vertical
       quanta.	The direction of motion is set by control  codes.
       The  amount  of	vertical motion is, in principle, limited
       only by running off the paper in the upward direction  and
       by  the	limited	 capacity  of the output cartridge in the
       downward direction.

       A code with the top four bits 0101 is a size-change  code,
       which  specifies	 movement of the lens turret and the dou-
       bler lens to change point size.	These codes are	 as  fol-
       lows:

								1

CAT(5)							   CAT(5)

	      Size    Code

	      6	      01011000
	      7	      01010000
	      8	      01010001
	      9	      01010111
	      10      01010010
	      11      01010011
	      12      01010100
	      14      01010101
	      16      01011001
	      18      01010110
	      20      01011010
	      22      01011011
	      24      01011100
	      28      01011101
	      36      01011110

       Size changes involving the doubler lens alter the horizon-
       tal position.  Changes from single to double sizes  should
       be  followed  by	 a  forward escape of 55 quanta;  changes
       from double to  single  sizes  should  be  followed  by	a
       reverse	escape	of 55 quanta.  The single sizes are 6, 7,
       8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 18; the double sizes are 16, 20,
       22, 24, 28, and 36.

       The control codes with the top four bits 0100 specify mis-
       cellaneous control codes, not  all  of  which  have  valid
       meanings.  They are:

	      initialize	      01000000
	      stop		      01001001
	      upper rail	      01000010
	      lower rail	      01000001
	      upper mag		      01000011
	      lower mag		      01000100
	      tilt up		      01001110
	      tilt down		      01001111
	      upper font half	      01000110
	      lower font half	      01000101
	      escape forward	      01000111
	      escape backward	      01001000
	      lead forward	      01001010
	      lead backward	      01001100
	      software cut	      01001011

       The  initialize	code  causes  leftward motion to the left
       margin limit switch, and sets the following modes:  escape
       forward,	 lead forward, lower font half, lower rail, lower
       mag, tilt down.	Note that the left  margin  limit  switch
       does not define a precise position, and hence reinitializ-
       ing the machine will destroy  precise  left-margin  align-
       ment.

								2

CAT(5)							   CAT(5)

       The  stop  code	stops the machine, which must be manually
       restarted (normally  after  changing  output  cartridges);
       this code should be used only at the end of a run.

       Fonts  are  selected  by the combination of rail, mag, and
       tilt.  The tilt codes do not exist on  the  4-font  C/A/T;
       this  is	 the  only  user-visible  difference  between the
       4-font and 8-font machines.   The  correspondence  between
       rail/mag/tilt and font number is as follows:

	      rail    mag     tilt    4font  8font

	      lower   lower   up      1	     1
	      lower   lower   down    1	     2
	      upper   lower   up      2	     3
	      upper   lower   down    2	     4
	      lower   upper   up      3	     5
	      lower   upper   down    3	     6
	      upper   upper   up      4	     7
	      upper   upper   down    4	     8

       The  software  cut  code should not be issued to the hard-
       ware, but is used by some spooling  software  to	 indicate
       places  where  it is legal for the spooler to break output
       between pages.  This code should be followed  by	 an  ini-
       tialize code.

       A complete C/A/T file should begin with an initialize code
       followed by an escape-16 code,  and  should  end	 with  14
       inches of trailer and a stop code.

HISTORY
       The  software  cut code is a local invention.  This manual
       page written at U of T by Henry Spencer.

BUGS
       The documentation and the hardware disagree on the initial
       tilt setting; the above describes the hardware.

       While  the hardware is obsolete, this man page is provided
       to document the format for historical and/or compatibility
       purposes.

								3

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